Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of three typical antisecretory agents: cimetidine, atropine and prostaglandin E2 were compared on an acute rat gastric ulcer model which consisted of perfusing the stomach continuously, at a high intraluminal pressure (120 mm H2O), with a simulated gastric juice (0.1 M HCl plus 600 mg pepsin/l). As the acid and pepsin are given exogenously the inhibitory action of the antisecretory drugs is obviated in this model. Cimetidine and atropine failed to reduce gastric erosions, whereas prostaglandin E2 markedly reduced the severity of the mucosal lesions with respect to control values. Long-term treatment with cimetidine also failed to increase the resistance of the gastric mucosa to the digestive action of the artificial gastric juice. These findings indicate that only prostaglandin E2 is cytoprotective and do not support the view that anticholinergics or histamine H2-receptor antagonists have a cytoprotective role on the cells of the gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Effects of cimetidine, atropine and prostaglandin E2 on rat mucosal erosions produced by intragastric distension. 744 34

Aqueous ammonia in concentrations of 0.02 or 0.1% was continuously administered to rats to study its effect on the gastric mucosa histologically and cell kinetically. Furthermore, acetic acid ulcer, which is a model of chronic gastric ulcer, was experimentally induced in the stomachs of rats to assess the influence of 0.02% ammonia on the course of this ulcer. Male Donryu rats were divided into three groups given 0.02% ammonia, 0.1% ammonia or tap water. On several occasions (1, 3 and 5 days and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks from the beginning of the experiment), the gastric mucosa in the fundic gland region and the antrum was examined histologically, and from the viewpoint of cell kinetics. The assessment in the 8th and 24th weeks employed the double labeling technique with bromodeoxyuridine and 3H-thymidine. The assessment on the other occasions used the flash labeling technique with bromodeoxyuridine. Both the 0.02% and 0.1% ammonia treatment groups showed a decrease in PAS-positive mucus and an enhanced cell cycling in the early stage of the experiment. After long periods of treatment, these groups showed a reduction in the gland height, a recovery in PAS-positive mucus and a suppression of cell cycle, suggesting direct toxicity of ammonia on the gastric mucosa. Although glandular atrophy was observed in these animals, infiltration of inflammatory cells was not observed. Thus, the relationship between ammonia and gastritis remained obscure. No ulcer developed in any group. Subsequently, we experimentally induced Ul-IV or Ul-V acetic acid ulcers in the stomachs of rats, according to the method of Okabe et al. (1971, 1972). These rats were divided into two groups given 0.02% ammonia or tap water. In the 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment, the stomachs of these rats were examined histologically and from the viewpoint of cell kinetics. The 0.02% ammonia treatment group showed a significant increase in the ulcer index (long diameter x short diameter; mm2) in the 4th and 8th weeks. This group also showed suppressed cell cycling of the regenerative epithelium and fibroblasts in the ulcer margin, suggesting direct toxicity of ammonia. Thus, healing of peptic ulcer was delayed by continuous administration of 0.02% ammonia.
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PMID:Influence of ammonia solution on gastric mucosa and acetic acid induced ulcer in rats. 751 30

Changes in rat bladder function following the exposure to physical stress were studied in vitro. Rats were divided into two stress groups and two control groups and maintained for 6 months under specific conditions. The stress groups, consisting of animals subjected to water or pain stress and control groups were kept in cages floored with wooden chips or wire net. The body weight of the stressed groups was significantly lower than that of the controls. Gastric ulcer occurred in none of the groups. The detrusor response of the water group to acetylcholine was significantly greater than that of the two control groups. In the pain group, the contractile response was induced by norepinephrine. In the other three groups, however, norepinephrine evoked a relaxation of muscle strips. The contractile response of the bladder to both serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) did not differ between the four groups.
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PMID:Changes in rat bladder function following exposure to pain and water stimuli. 755 95

Ecabapide (DQ-2511) has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing water-immersion restraint stress ulceration of rats. In the present study, we aimed to define the active molecular features of ecabapide. Seven of 9 degraded materials identified as ecabapide metabolites were synthesized and their antiulcer activities were compared with that of the parent compound. Ecabapide was potent to prevent gastric ulcer formation at the doses of 30-300 mg/kg i.p. Three metabolites (V, VIII and IX) were also active to inhibit ulceration induced by the stress. The antiulcer activity of IX was similar to that of ecabapide, whereas V and VIII had less activities. After the oral administration of ecabapide, the plasma levels of IX reached to less than 15% of that of ecabapide and also IX was largely excreted into the feces. Therefore, the potential implication of the metabolite (IX) as the active component in the antiulcer effect of ecabapide could be excluded. Furthermore, it is also unlikely that the high polar metabolites (IV and VII) are implicated in significant contribution for antiulcer action. In conclusion, we have shown that ecabapide prevents water-immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers, and that this activity is probably mediated by the action of the parent compound.
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PMID:[Effects of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine derivative (ecabapide, DQ-2511) and its metabolites on water-immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats]. 772 78

One hundred and two consecutive patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were tested for H. pylori by a rapid urease test, using antral biopsy specimens. There were 60 men (mean age 54 yrs) and 42 women (mean age 49 yrs). Fifty-six patients (55%) were positive for H. pylori. Of male patients, 36 (60%) and of female patients, 20 (48%) tested positive. Sixty-eight per cent of patients with antral gastritis, 65% with duodenal ulcer and 60% with gastric ulcer had H. pylori. Thirty-nine patients (70%) positive for H. pylori were from major urban areas, and 17 (30%) were from rural areas of Jamaica. In patients without H. pylori, 61% and 39% were from urban and rural areas, respectively. Forty-four patients (79%) with H. pylori and 40 (87%) without H. pylori had piped water in their homes. Ninety-three per cent of all patients had electricity and 88% had refrigeration. There was no difference between patients positive or negative for H. pylori with regard to the use of alcohol, marijuana or tobacco. There was also no difference between both groups in exposure to domestic animals in the home environment. H. pylori is associated with antral gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in Jamaican patients. There are no specific environmental or social factors that seem to predispose to infection.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori in patients undergoing upper endoscopy in Jamaica. 781 42

The experimental Wistar rats were divided into two groups, the acupuncture group and the control group. Stress-induced gastric ulcer models were established by immersion of restrained rats in water. The results are as follows: 1. Stress-induced peptic ulceration was able to be protected with electroacupuncture. 2. Synthesis and decomposition of central and peripheral 5-HT in the electroacupunctured tats was inhibited. 3. The NE levels in the three brain regions (cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem) and blood were seen in the electroacupuncture group more than that in the control group, but the NE levels was smaller in the gastric tissue. 4. The higher levels of DA in the gastric tissue and blood were seen in the electroacupuncture group than in the control group. The results indicated that protecting rat stress ulceration with electroacupuncture was connected with monoamine neurotransmitter of centre and periphery.
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PMID:[Effects of electroacupuncture on central and peripheral monoamine neurotransmitter in the course of protecting rat stress peptic ulcer]. 783 54

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for impaired consciousness, hyperglycemia and bitemporal hemianopsia. She was diagnosed as having NIDDM one year ago and was treated with diet and glibenclamide (1.25 mg/day) for 6 months. However, she stopped her medical treatment one month ago and then polydipsia and general fatigue were manifested. She was admitted to a hospital five days ago at which time hyperglycemia (405 mg/dl) and anemia (Hb8.0g/dl) were detected. She was transferred to our hospital for control of blood glucose and further examination of bitemporal hemianopsia. She showed typical acromegalic features including enlargement of the nose, lips and tongue, increased heel pad and acral growth. Conscious disturbance was cured by the infusion of saline and the administration of insulin. Endoscopy revealed an active gastric ulcer (A1). Endocrine data disclosed increased GH levels in plasma and urine, whereas plasma IGF-1 levels were low. Plasma GH paradoxically increased following the administration of TRH. A water deprivation test showed an impaired increase in urinary osmolarity, indicating partial central diabetes insipidus (DI). MRI with Gd-contrast revealed a macroadenoma which progressed toward suprasella. She was diagnosed as having acromegaly, partial DI and probable hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic diabetic pre-coma. Polyuria (5-101/day) due to partial DI was controlled by the administration of DDAVP (10 micrograms/day). The constant subcutaneous administration of octreotide (240 micrograms/day) resulted in normal plasma GH levels and a marked shrinkage of the pituitary tumor. The pituitary tumor was finally removed by the transsphenoidal approach following treatment with octreotide for 4 months. HE staining of the pituitary tumor showed atrophic and acidophilic cells surrounded by hyaloid connective tissue. After the surgery, plasma GH levels were normalized and complications were cured. In conclusion, this is a very rare case of acromegaly associated with diabetic pre-coma and partial DI, and effectively treated with constant subcutaneous infusion of octreotide.
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PMID:[Effective treatment with constant subcutaneous infusion of octreotide in a patient with acromegaly associated with diabetic pre-coma and diabetes insipidus]. 785 21

Ethyl 2-[1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfinylmethyl]-4-dimethylamino-5- pyrimidinecarboxylate (2) has been synthesized and evaluated for antiulcer properties. Compound 2 is a H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor that affords mucosal protection against absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats after oral and parenteral administrations. On the other hand, omeprazole, a representative H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, showed mucosal protective action only after oral administration, indicating that it required gastric acid secretion to generate activity. The antiulcer activity of 2 in animal models, such as water-immersion stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats and acidified aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, was three times higher than that of cimetidine.
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PMID:Studies on antiulcer agents. I. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of ethyl 2-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfinylmethyl]-4-dimethylamino-5- pyrimidinecarboxylate, a new H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor possessing mucosal protective activity. 789 5

Peroxidative tissue damage has been reported to contribute to several pathological disorders. Despite high exposure to both exogenous and endogenous oxidant stress, the strong cell defence mechanism of the gastric mucosa protects mucosal epithelial cells against these noxious stimuli. However, some environmental factors involved in lipid peroxidation (such as cadmium), which disrupt gastric mucosal protection, may impair the mucosal barrier and facilitate the occurrence of gastric ulcers. In an experimental study to investigate this hypothesis, the level of cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and an antioxidant enzyme (SOD) were investigated. The mucin content (P < 0.01) and prostaglandin levels (P < 0.05) of mucosa as components of the gastric mucosal barrier were found to be significantly reduced in rats exposed to 15 ppm of cadmium in water for 30 days when compared with those of unexposed controls. TBARS levels in blood (P < 0.05) and mucosa (P < 0.001) increased markedly in cadmium-exposed animals whereas blood SOD levels remained unchanged. The significant correlation between TBARS and mucosal cadmium (r = 0.664, P < 0.01), as well as between cadmium and PGE2 (r = -0.719, P < 0.01), led to the conclusion that cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation is involved in the increased vulnerability of gastric mucosa to injurious stimuli in rats. This susceptibility may be responsible for the high incidence of stress-induced gastric ulcer in the population.
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PMID:Role of lipid peroxidation in cadmium-induced impairment of the gastric mucosal barrier. 792 76

This study deals with the antiulcer effect of water extract and ether extract of Cinnamomum cassia on four types of experimental gastric ulcer and with the antidiarrhea effect on two types of medicine-induced diarrhea in mice. These extracts have choleretic effect in anesthetized rats, and are analgesic as well. This is the pharmacologic basis of spleen-stomach warming and analgesic action of Cinnamomum cassia.
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PMID:[Pharmacological study on spleen-stomach warming and analgesic action of Cinnamomum cassia Presl]. 801 Nov 12


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