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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A formal metabolic study of carbenoxolone sodium (Biogastrone) 300 mg./day has been performed for 17 days on a woman with gastric ulcer who in a previous 21-day trial, on a 52-mEq sodium diet, showed weight gain, retention, and rise in plasma sodium and chloride concentrations, as well as hypokalaemia without change in potassium balance. In the present trial sodium intake was restricted to 26 mEq/day; while plasma electrolyte changes of lesser degree still occurred, there was no retention of water, sodium, or chloride. Aldosterone secretion in the control period was 202 mug./24 hours, and fell to 74 mug./24 hours after carbenoxolone, but plasma renin was unchanged.These results suggest that the mineralocorticoid effects of carbenoxolone (and presumably of liquorice and its other derivatives) are due to an intrinsic aldosterone-like action, and that, with sodium deprivation, aldosterone secretion is suppressed by a mechanism which is not renin-mediated-possibly hypokalaemia.
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PMID:Metabolic studies, aldosterone secretion rate, and plasma renin after carbenoxolone sodium. 578 14

Effect of the anti-anxiety drug clotiazepam on the experimental gastric ulceration induced by restraint and water-immersion stress or aspirin was studied in rats. Clotiazepam prevented the development of each gastric ulcer. From the effect of clotiazepam on aspirin-induced ulceration, we presumed that clotiazepam should have some other antiulcer mechanism in addition to its action on the central nervous system. There was an appreciable correlation between the decrease in the hexosamine level of gastric tissue and associated ulceration. After treatment with aspirin, the hexosamine level was abruptly reduced and was maintained at a low level for several hours. In the clotiazepam -pretreated group, the hexosamine level reduced by aspirin was progressively restored to the intact level. By histological examination with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)/alcian-blue (AB) staining, clotiazepam increased the amount of gastric mucopolysaccharides decreased by aspirin. Clotiazepam did not affect gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. Atropine and cimetidine inhibited ulceration induced by stress or aspirin and gastric secretion, but did not affect the hexosamine level reduced by aspirin. These results indicate that the antiulcer efficacy of clotiazepam may be attributed to its action not only on the central nervous system, but also on the mucus in gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Antiulcer activity of clotiazepam in rats. 614 6

The diurnal rhythm of water- and electrolyte uresis was compared in 50 patients with stomach cancer and 20 cases of stomach ulcer and 20 healthy subjects. A specific level of rhythmostasis (neorhythmostasis) was established in cancer patients. It is suggested that standard procedures for water-salt dysbalance correction should be improved (by integrating chronotherapy with practice).
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PMID:[Chronopharmacological basis for the therapy of water-salt imbalance in patients with stomach cancer]. 646 6

By developing the electro-hydro-thermo probe the known disadvantages of dry electrocoagulation were eliminated. Instillation of water prior or simultaneously during the coagulation allows to rinse and to localize exactly the bleeding site; adhering and contaminating of the tip of the probe is avoided. This is a report on the application of the electro-hydro-thermo probe in 51 patients of which 37 had an active bleeding, eight a recent haemorrhage according to Forrest II and III, and six had mostly multiple telangiectasias, angiomas or angiomatoses. The efficacy of the probe to stop bleeding is good. Only in two patients with penetrating gastric ulcer the coagulation had to be stopped prematurely because of the risks of primary perforation. In four patients with recurrent bleeding emergency surgery was necessary. There were no complications following coagulation with the electro-hydro-thermo probe. Emergency surgery is indicated in patients with active haemorrhage which cannot be endoscopically localized or successfully coagulated. In active bleeding coagulation using the electro-hydro-thermo probe is only a measure to improve the initial condition of the patient prior to surgery.
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PMID:[Electro-hydro-thermo probe in the therapy of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. 660 73

Prognostic indicator for acute gastric ulceration was experimentally investigated using water immersed and restrained rats, with special interest in influence of obstructive jaundice and effect of vagotomy. The results obtained are as follows: Intragastric pH and gastric mucosal potential difference (PD) faithfully reflected the ulcer index. This shows that continuous monitoring of these two parameters may be of clinical use as indicator for acute gastric ulceration in critically ill or postoperative patients. Water immersing and restraint stress ulcer may be caused by imbalance between gastric offensive and defensive factors as a result of progressively increasing gastric secretion and progressively deteriorating gastric mucosal barrier. Gastric ulceration was enhanced in rats with obstructive jaundice, probably because of compromised defensive factor. Prophylaxis of acute gastric ulceration with or without obstructive jaundice may not be attained by vagotomy alone; an adequate maintenance of defensive factor seems to be also necessary.
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PMID:[Experimental study on acute gastric ulceration in rat--including influence of obstructive jaundice and vagotomy]. 667 85

Factors implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer were studied simultaneously in seven patients with strictly defined type 1 gastric ulcer (single benign ulcer above the incisura of the stomach) and in six healthy controls. After ingestion of an ordinary solid-liquid meal, patients with gastric ulcer demonstrated gastric hyposecretion of acid, pepsin, and water; delayed gastric emptying of solids with normal emptying of liquids; and increased intragastric concentrations of bile acids. These functional abnormalities appear to be interrelated. Metoclopramide, administered orally in a double-blind fashion, ameliorated the defect in the emptying of solids and the high concentrations of bile acid in the gastric contents. The ability of this drug to break this interdependent cycle suggests the need for further clinical investigation.
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PMID:Dysfunctions of the stomach with gastric ulceration. 677 31

Effects of TPH-3 on various experimental gastric ulcers in rats and guinea-pigs were studied and the following results were obtained. In the preventive experiments, such as the Shay's ulcer, pylorus-ligated aspirin ulcer and restraint and water immersion stress ulcer, TPH-3 (200 mg/kg i.d. or p.o.) showed a statistically significant inhibition. TPH-3 markedly inhibited the histamine-induced gastric ulcer in guinea-pigs and a dose-response relationship was obtained for doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg p.o. TPH-3 showed the weak inhibition regarding therapy for serosa-seared gastric ulcer and the recovery process of restraint and water immersion stress ulcer in rats. TPH-3, dosing 100 mg/kg intraduodenally, significantly inhibited the gastric secretion in the pylorus-ligated rats. TPH-3 significantly inhibited the histamine, pentagastrin and carbachol-induced acid secretion in the stomach-perfused rats. In particular, TPH-3 showed strong sensitivity to the action of histamine. TPH-3 had no anti-ACh or anti-H1-receptor effects.
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PMID:[The antigastric ulcer activity of succinic acid mono-3-guaiazulenamide (TPH-3) (author's transl)]. 706 Oct 24

Rats were orally administered 1-ascorbic acid, nicotine 1-ascorbic acid and nicotine, or distilled water for 10 days. Following this treatment they were fasted for 24 h and then restrained in a cold environment for 2 h. Nicotine alone produced significantly more gastric ulcers than any other treatment. 1-Ascorbic acid increased ulceration relative to controls. The combined effects of 1-ascorbic acid and nicotine resulted in reduced ulcer incidence and severity. It appears that l-ascorbic acid and nicotine do not act synergistically to augment stress-induced gastric ulcer.
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PMID:Nicotine and ascorbic acid effects on cold-restraint ulcers in rats. 709 99

Sodium polyacrylate (PANa) is a water-soluble, high-molecular compound, and its aqueous solution shows a very high viscosity and stringiness. In the present study, preventive effects of PANa on three kinds of esophageal lesions induced by gastric juice were examined in comparison with those of aceglutamide aluminum and sodium alginate. The influences of PANa on gastric contents were also studied. The preventive effect of PANa given intraesophageally on esophageal lesions induced by the intraesophageal application of gastric juice was more potent than aceglutamide aluminum and sodium alginate. Oral administration of PANa inhibited the formation of esophageal ulcer by pylorus ligation more markedly than aceglutamide aluminum, whereas sodium alginate had no effect in a high dose of 500 mg/kg. In preventing gastric ulcer which occurred simultaneously with the esophageal ulcer after the pylorus ligation, aceglutamide aluminum was most potent, and PANa was as potent as sodium alginate. Oral administration of PANa showed a more protective effect than aceglutamide aluminum on the esophageal ulceration induced by the simultaneous ligations of the pylorus and limiting ridge, whereas sodium alginate in a high dose of 500 mg/kg had little effect on the ulcer formation. PANa caused only a slight increase in the pH of gastric juice and a slight decrease in pepsin activity. From the results, it may be concluded that PANa showed an antiulcerogenic activity mainly due to its mucosa covering action against gastric juice.
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PMID:Effects of sodium polyacrylate (PANa) on acute esophagitis by gastric juice in rats. 710 49

In rats exposed to restraint and water immersion stress, inhibitory effects of atropine (ATR) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) on stress-induced gastric ulceration and motility were studied to clarify which of central and peripheral origins was responsible for these effects. The drug dose ratio of peripheral (intravenous, i.v.) route versus central (intracerebroventricular, i.c.v.) route required to produce an approx. 50% inhibition of gastric ulceration or motility was estimated. Gastric ulceration was prevented by pretreatment with each drug via either route, and there was no great difference in the dose ratio of each drug (i.v.:i.c.v. = 4:1) for the inhibition. The stress-enhanced gastric motility was immediately depressed by each drug via either route. This inhibitory effect of CPZ was short-lasting as compared with that of ATR, and the complete blockade was observed after administration of i.v. ATR or i.c.v. CPZ at higher doses. The ATR dose ratio for this inhibition was less than 10, while the CPZ dose ratio was from 10 to 25. The treatment with CPZ, but not with ATR, caused a definite change in EEG patterns, along with a decrease in body temperature or heart rate. The effect of pretreatment with ATR or CPZ on gastric motility during stress was also investigated. Only the administration of ATR, via either route, appreciably inhibited the gastric motility. Thus, it was suggested that: (1) the inhibitory effect of ATR on gastric motility may be of peripheral rather than central origin, while that of CPZ predominantly of central origin; (2) the anti-ulcerogenic effect of ATR and CPZ may be predominantly of peripheral origin, and the mechanisms involved in ATR may be associated with inhibition of gastric motility, which is different from those in CPZ.
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PMID:Peripheral and central effects of atropine and chlorpromazine on gastric motility and ulceration in stressed rats. 728 48


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