Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study the association of Helicobacter pylori with peptic ulcer and the associated histopathological changes, to characterize the isolated strains in terms of their protein profile, 83 peptic ulcer cases were studied. A high association of H pylori with peptic ulcer (duodenal ulcer 77%, gastric ulcer 75%) and gastritis (74%) was observed. Age and smoking did not have any relationship with H pylori infection. The infection was predominantly associated with the 'quiescent' form of chronic gastritis. Comparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell extracts of the local isolates and a reference strain from Australia showed a general homogeneity between the strains with obvious interstrain differences. However, the difference between the local isolates and the reference strain was more marked. Significant association of H. pylori with peptic ulcer along with strain variations were observed.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of Helicobacter pylori strains from peptic ulcer patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. 886 53

Ecabet sodium (ecabet), a new agent that has protective effects on the gastric mucosa has anti-Helicobacter pylori effects, binding with urease to inhibit H. pylori activity, and causing the bacterial to become non-viable. Ecabet monotherapy eradicates H. pylori infection in Japanese monkeys. We investigated a new regimen that included ecabet to eradicate H. pylori infection in gastric ulcer patients. Fifty-five H. pylori-positive patients with gastric ulcer were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group 1 received dual therapy with lansoprazole (30 mg o.d.) for 8 weeks plus clarithromycin (200 mg b.i.d.) or amoxicillin (250 mg q.i.d.) for 2 weeks. Group 2 received triple therapy with lansoprazole (30 mg o.d.) and ecabet sodium (1.0 g b.i.d.) for 8 weeks plus clarithromycin (200 mg b.i.d.) or amoxicillin (250 mg q.i.d.) for 2 weeks. Four weeks after the treatment was withdrawn, H. pylori status was evaluated by histological examination, rapid urease test, and culture. The eradication rate was 26% (7 out of 27 patients) in group 1 and 79% (22 out of 28 patients) in group 2. All patients completed the treatment. The addition of ecabet to the regimen increased the eradication rate of H. pylori infection, and there were no associated major side effects.
 ...
PMID:Ecabet sodium eradicates Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric ulcer patients. 895 22

The action of Codonopsis pilosula extract in 5 animal models of gastric ulcer was investigated. It was found that the extract had higher efficacy on gastric ulcer induced by stress, acetic acid and sodium hydroxide and little significant effect on ulcers induced by pyloroligature and indomethacin. The C. pilosula extract was also capable of reducing gastric acid pepsin secretion. It is possible that inhibition of gastrointestinal movement and propulsion is one of the mechanisms underlying the antiulcer action of C. pilosula extract.
 ...
PMID:Investigations on the protective action of Condonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) extract on experimentally-induced gastric ulcer in rats. 906 93

Glycine, a neutral amino acid has been studied for its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and to protect the gastric mucosa against chemically and stress-induced ulcers. Acid secretion studies were undertaken in pylorus-ligated rats with and without glycine treatment. Experimental gastric lesions were induced by hypothermic-restraint stress, indomethacin and necrotizing agents including 80% ethanol, 0.2 M sodium hydroxide and 0.6 M hydrochloric acid in rats. The level of nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds and gastric wall mucus were also measured in the glandular stomach of the rats following ethanol-induced gastric lesions. The results of this study demonstrate that glycine dose dependently reduced the gastric secretions in rats. Pretreatment with glycine significantly protected animals against stress-, indomethacin- and necrotizing agents induced gastric lesions. The antiulcer activity of glycine was associated with significant inhibition of ethanol-induced depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls and gastric wall mucus. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that glycine possesses significant antiulcer and cytoprotective activity. However, further detailed studies are warranted to establish the mechanism(s) of action, and to determine its role in the prophylaxis and treatment of gastric ulcer disease.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the antisecretory, gastric anti-ulcer and cytoprotective properties of glycine. 934 31

The effect of drugs for gastritis and gastric ulcer (ecabet sodium, gefarnate, teprenone, and troxipide) on the secretion of mucin-like glycoproteins from rat cornea were investigated in vitro and on a short-term, rabbit dry eye model in vivo. For the studies in vitro, cultured rat cornea sections (3 mm diameter) were incubated with radiolabeled sodium sulfate, rinsed, and then incubated for 30 min in the presence of one of the drugs. The culture media were reacted with Dolichos biflorus agglutinate (DBA)-lectin, and the radioactivity of DBA-bound mucin-like glycoproteins was measured. A cytotoxicity assay confirmed that mucin-like glycoproteins had not leaked from damaged cells. For studies in vivo, eye drop vehicle or drops containing gefarnate were instilled in the eyes of nine anesthetized rabbits, and then the eyes were kept open with specula for two hours. These rabbits and two control rabbits not subjected to ocular drying were killed, and their eyes were enucleated and stained with methylene blue. Corneal epithelial damage from desiccation was evaluated based on the extent of methylene blue staining. Among the four kinds of drugs for gastritis and gastric ulcers, only gefarnate significantly increased the mucin-like glycoprotein secretion from cultured rat corneas in vitro; this stimulatory effect of gefarnate was dose-dependent. In vivo, the instillation of gefarnate reduced corneal epithelial damage from desiccation in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that gefarnate reduces desiccation of corneal epithelium, perhaps by stimulating secretion of mucin-like glycoproteins from corneal epithelium.
 ...
PMID:Gefarnate stimulates secretion of mucin-like glycoproteins by corneal epithelium in vitro and protects corneal epithelium from desiccation in vivo. 946 89

Three hundred thirty-three patient (116 gastric ulcer, 119 duodenal ulcer, 98 gastritis) who were successfully eradicated were enrolled in the study of H. pylori recurrence rate. H. pylori status was determined by histology, rapid urease test, 13C-urea breath test. The mean of the follow-up period was 13.3 months (2-56 months), and 15 patients showed negative to positive conversion of H. pylori. The recurrence rate was 4.4% for one year and 8.3% for two years using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Second eradication therapy after initial failure is another concern. Nineteen patients were assigned to receive an 1-week new triple therapy (clarithromycin, metronidazole and PPI), in whom a 2-week course of dual therapy (amoxicillin plus PPI) failed (group1). Another 15 patients in whom the 1-week new triple therapy failed were switched to the 2-week course of dual therapy plus ecabet sodium (group2). H. pylori was eradicated in 84.2% (16/19) of patients in group1 and 86.7% (13/15) in group2.
 ...
PMID:[Recurrence rate of H. pylori after successful eradication and second eradication therapy after initial failure of treatment]. 1003 47

c-Kit is a receptor tyrosine kinase, and it is encoded by the mouse W locus. Mutant W/Wv mice develop spontaneous gastric antral ulcers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenesis of these gastric ulcers and to examine the effects of two antiulcer drugs; a proton pump inhibitor (2{[4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridine-2-yl]methyl-sulfinyl}-1H -benzimidazole sodium salt, rabeprazole) and a mucosal protective drug (geranylgeranylacetone, GGA), on the gastric ulcers. The inhibition of the gastric acid secretion by rabeprazole (30 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous injection once a day for six weeks) significantly increased the gastric ulcer formation compared to the controls. In contrast, the GGA treatment (100 mg/kg body weight, oral administration for six weeks) significantly inhibited the ulcer formation. Bile reflux was seen in these mutant mice, and they showed no cyclic intense contractions in the gastric antrum. These results suggest that bile reflux due to the disturbance of gastric antral movement is a cause of the spontaneous gastric ulcers in W/Wv mice.
 ...
PMID:Bile reflux due to disturbed gastric movement is a cause of spontaneous gastric ulcer in W/Wv mice. 1038 93

Antacids are commonly used self-prescribed medications. They consist of calcium carbonate and magnesium and aluminum salts in various compounds or combinations. The effect of antacids on the stomach is due to partial neutralisation of gastric hydrochloric acid and inhibition of the proteolytic enzyme, pepsin. Each cation salt has its own pharmacological characteristics that are important for determination of which product can be used for certain indications. Antacids have been used for duodenal and gastric ulcers, stress gastritis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, pancreatic insufficiency, non-ulcer dyspepsia, bile acid mediated diarrhoea, biliary reflux, constipation, osteoporosis, urinary alkalinisation and chronic renal failure as a dietary phosphate binder. The development of histamine H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors has significantly reduced usage for duodenal and gastric ulcers and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. However, antacids can still be useful for stress gastritis and non-ulcer dyspepsia. The recent release of proprietary H2 antagonists has likely further reduced antacid use for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Other indications are still valid but represent minor uses. Antacid drug interactions are well noted, but can be avoided by rescheduling medication administration times. This can be inconvenient and discourage compliance with other medications. All antacids can produce drug interactions by changing gastric pH, thus altering drug dissolution of dosage forms, reduction of gastric acid hydrolysis of drugs, or alter drug elimination by changing urinary pH. Most antacids, except sodium bicarbonate, may decrease drug absorption by adsorption or chelation of other drugs. Most adverse effects from antacids are minor with periodic use of small amounts. However, when large doses are taken for long periods of time, significant adverse effects may occur especially patients with underlying diseases such as chronic renal failure. These adverse effects can be reduced by monitoring of electrolyte status and avoiding aluminum-containing antacids to bind dietary phosphate in chronic renal failure. Antacids, although effective for discussed indications of duodenal and gastric ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, have been replaced by newer, more effective agents that are more palatable to patients. Antacids are likely to continue to be used for non-ulcer dyspepsia, minor episodes of heartburn (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease) and other clear indications. Although their wide-spread use may decline, these drugs will still be used, and clinicians should be aware of their potential drug interactions and adverse effects.
 ...
PMID:Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. 1040 Apr 1

Hinesol, a major component of the crude drug "So-jutsu" (Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma), strongly inhibited H+,K+-ATPase activity with a IC50 value of 5.8x10(-5) M. It also inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and H+-ATPase activities, although the inhibition rate was lower. No effects on alkaline or acid phosphatase activities were observed. The mechanism by which hinesol inhibited H+,K+-ATPase activity was studied in detail. The inhibition was uncompetitive with respect to ATP, and it increased as the Mg2+ concentration was raised, whereas it was not affected by the K+ concentration. The activity of K+-dependent p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (K+-pNPPase), a partial reaction of H+,K+-ATPase, was inhibited by hinesol noncompetitively with respect to pNPP (IC50 value of 1.6x10(-4) M), and competitively with respect to K+, whereas it was not affected by the Mg2+ concentration. These results suggest that hinesol is a relatively specific inhibitor of H+,K+-ATPase. It appears that hinesol reacts with enzyme in the E1 state in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ and forms the complex hinesol-H+ E1-ATP or hinesol x E1-P, blocking the conformational change to the E2 state. Furthermore, hinesol enhanced the inhibitory effect of omeprazole on H+,K+-ATPase, and the inhibitory site of hinesol was different from that of omeprazole. The effect of So-jutsu as an anti-gastric ulcer agent may be ascribed to the inhibitory effect of hinesol on H+,K+-ATPase activity.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of H+,K+ -ATPase by hinesol, a major component of So-jutsu, by interaction with enzyme in the E1 state. 1071 47

In addition to housekeeping cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, which is constitutively expressed in many body cells, an inducible COX-2 has been described and cloned. Induction or presence of COX-2 has been reported not only in isolated cells, but also in cells in various tissues, as well as in both physiological and pathophysiological states, including acute exudative inflammation, proliferative inflammation, animal arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, angiogenesis, bone absorption, gastric ulcer, colon cancer, hyperalgesia, Alzheimer's disease and certain states of the kidney, brain and female reproductive organs. This review article introduces results from recent works in these fields. COX-1- or COX-2-knockout mice may provide many clues on the roles of COX-2, but may simultaneously cause unnecessary confusion in the recognition of the roles of COX-2, and this is discussed. Recently the roles of COX-2 in exudative inflammation and the anti-inflammatory effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors have been questioned. This is discussed in the text. Prostanoids mediate signals to adjacent cells to provide fine regulation of cellular function. Because of the short duration of the expression of COX-2 gene and protein, COX-2 must play some roles different from those of COX-1 gene and protein in vivo. It is not yet possible to identify all the roles of COX-2, but in some tissues, such as the kidney, the brain and others, COX-2 may be expressed constitutively, whereas the prostaglandin generation by COX-2 may replace that by COX-1 in some states (or vice-versa). Precise analyses of the expression of COX-2 may disclose fine modulation of cellular and organ functions by PGs. Several selective or preferential COX-2 inhibitors have been developed and were shown to be effective in clinical trials. Most were reported to be free of adverse gastrointestinal effects, but it should be noted that in the healing process of gastric ulcers and in sodium-restricted states, adverse effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors could be expected. Soon, with more detailed knowledge of the delicate roles of COX-2 in vivo, effective and safe application of COX-2 inhibitors should be realized.
 ...
PMID:Cyclooxygenase-2: its rich diversity of roles and possible application of its selective inhibitors. 1102 54


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>