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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adherence of a sucralfate-tetracycline complex to gastric ulcers and to nearby non-ulcer sites was determined in the rabbit antrum. Persistent gastric ulcers were produced by a previously described method. The presence of the complex was assessed 1 and 4 h after dosing. Drug adherence was determined by quantitation of aluminum in stomach wall biopsies. Significantly more aluminum adhered to ulcer sites than to nearby non-ulcer sites. Adherence of the complex did not significantly decrease from 1 to 4 h. The complexation of tetracycline to sucralfate did not alter the selective adherence of sucralfate to gastric ulcers, providing a mechanism of ulcer site-selective drug delivery in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastric ulcer disease.
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PMID:Selective adherence of a sucralfate-tetracycline complex to gastric ulcers: implications for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori. 757 29

We have noticed calcium deposits (gastric mucosal calcinosis, or GMC) in the superficial gastric mucosa of 28 organ transplant patients (OTPs) (11 liver, seven bone marrow, four kidney, three kidney/pancreas, two heart, and one each of liver and kidney transplant) who underwent endoscopic biopsies. The deposits were tinctorially similar to cytomegalovirus inclusions, ranged from 40 to 250 mu in diameter, and were present just beneath the surface epithelium at the tips of the foveolae. An x-ray microanalysis showed that these mucosal deposits contained the elements aluminum, phosphorus, calcium, and chlorine. Clinical chart review showed that all OTPs with GMC were taking aluminum-containing antacids or sucralfate. Review of biopsies from gastric ulcer patients found GMC in a significantly smaller percentage than in transplant patients (32.7% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.0002). In addition, all three ulcer patients with calcified deposits were chronic renal failure patients on long-term aluminum-containing antacid therapy. Gastric mucosal calcinosis appears to be caused by aluminum phosphate accumulation secondary to antacid or sucralfate therapy in organ transplant patients. The presence of GMC in OTPs and chronic renal failure patients rather than other gastric ulcer patients is most likely due to the longer duration of therapy with aluminum-containing compounds in the former two patient groups. The clinical relevance of GMC remains to be seen. In theory, however, accelerated bone demineralization via loss of phosphates and absorption of aluminum in the gastrointestinal tract may be a consequence of long-term aluminum-containing antacid or sucralfate therapy.
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PMID:Gastric mucosal calcinosis. Calcified aluminum phosphate deposits secondary to aluminum-containing antacids or sucralfate therapy in organ transplant patients. 844 8

A new device Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (LS) was developed for the analysis of isotope ratios of 13CO2/12CO2. Its applicability for breath tests was validated. The exhaled breath is collected in a 2 l aluminum bag, of which CO2 is separated by cryogenic system and introduced into LS. Repeat measurements (8 times) of two kinds of gases (delta 13C:-2.62 and - 1.14%) revealed 0.045% and 0.065% variation (IS.D.), from which precision of measurement was estimated as 0.2% (3S.D.). Seven healthy volunteers were given orally different dose of 13C-glycine (50 mg-200 mg in 5 subjects) and 13C-methacetin (30 mg and 150 mg in 2 subjects). One patient with gastric ulcer with helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was given 100 mg of 13C-urea. Serial breath samples (9-15) were taken and measured both by LS and mass spectrometer (MS) thereafter. Appreciable peaks were obtained at 30-50 min. after glycine and methacetin ingestions. The height of the peaks were dose dependent. Increased excretion of 13CO2 characteristics to HP infection was obtained in 13C-urea breath test. Measured values with LS were identical with those measured with MS (60 samples) with the range of difference within 0.2% (3S.D.). [Y (LS) = 1.02X (MS) + 0.55, r = 0.996] We conclude the LS is suitable for various 13C-breath tests.
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PMID:[Application of laser spectroscopy for 13C-breath tests]. 868 81

Antacids are commonly used self-prescribed medications. They consist of calcium carbonate and magnesium and aluminum salts in various compounds or combinations. The effect of antacids on the stomach is due to partial neutralisation of gastric hydrochloric acid and inhibition of the proteolytic enzyme, pepsin. Each cation salt has its own pharmacological characteristics that are important for determination of which product can be used for certain indications. Antacids have been used for duodenal and gastric ulcers, stress gastritis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, pancreatic insufficiency, non-ulcer dyspepsia, bile acid mediated diarrhoea, biliary reflux, constipation, osteoporosis, urinary alkalinisation and chronic renal failure as a dietary phosphate binder. The development of histamine H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors has significantly reduced usage for duodenal and gastric ulcers and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. However, antacids can still be useful for stress gastritis and non-ulcer dyspepsia. The recent release of proprietary H2 antagonists has likely further reduced antacid use for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Other indications are still valid but represent minor uses. Antacid drug interactions are well noted, but can be avoided by rescheduling medication administration times. This can be inconvenient and discourage compliance with other medications. All antacids can produce drug interactions by changing gastric pH, thus altering drug dissolution of dosage forms, reduction of gastric acid hydrolysis of drugs, or alter drug elimination by changing urinary pH. Most antacids, except sodium bicarbonate, may decrease drug absorption by adsorption or chelation of other drugs. Most adverse effects from antacids are minor with periodic use of small amounts. However, when large doses are taken for long periods of time, significant adverse effects may occur especially patients with underlying diseases such as chronic renal failure. These adverse effects can be reduced by monitoring of electrolyte status and avoiding aluminum-containing antacids to bind dietary phosphate in chronic renal failure. Antacids, although effective for discussed indications of duodenal and gastric ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, have been replaced by newer, more effective agents that are more palatable to patients. Antacids are likely to continue to be used for non-ulcer dyspepsia, minor episodes of heartburn (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease) and other clear indications. Although their wide-spread use may decline, these drugs will still be used, and clinicians should be aware of their potential drug interactions and adverse effects.
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PMID:Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. 1040 Apr 1

The frequency, symptoms, and complication rate of PUD seem to decrease during pregnancy. Yet clinicians often have to treat dyspepsia or pyrosis of undetermined origin during pregnancy because the frequency of pyrosis significantly increases during pregnancy, and clinicians reluctantly perform EGD during pregnancy for pyrosis to differentiate reliably between GERD and PUD. Dyspepsia or pyrosis during pregnancy is initially treated with dietary and lifestyle modifications. If the symptoms do not remit with these modifications, sucralfate or antacids, preferably magnesium-containing or aluminum-containing antacids, should be administered. Histamine2 receptor antagonists are recommended when symptoms are refractory to antacid or sucralfate therapy. Ranitidine seems to be a relatively safe H2 receptor antagonist. If symptoms continue despite H2 receptor antagonist therapy, the patient should be evaluated for possible EGD or PPI therapy. Pregnant women with hemodynamically significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding or other worrisome clinical findings should undergo EGD. Indications for surgery include ulcer perforation, ongoing active bleeding from an ulcer requiring transfusion of six or more units of packed erythrocytes, gastric outlet obstruction refractory to intense medical therapy, and a malignant gastric ulcer without evident metastases.
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PMID:Gastric and duodenal ulcers during pregnancy. 1263 19

Sugar free chewable tablets are considered to be desired medication for diabetic population having acid reflex problems. The main objective of this study is to develop a patient complaint tablet dosage form which is sugar free, chewable and easy to use. The formulation is designed for hyperglycemic and dysphasic patients along acidity or stomach ulcer. For manufacturing Aluminum Hydroxide (Kyowa Japan), Magnesium Hydroxide (Taurus chemicals India) Simethicone, Povidone (JRS pharma) Sorbitol powder, Magnesium stearate, Dilcalcium phosphate anhydrous, SSG (JRS pharma) and Aspartame were used. The granules formed by wet granulation method and tablets are compressed by rotary compression machine. The pre-formulation studies of granules (Angle of repose, Bulk/Tapped density, Carr's compressibility index and Hausner's ratio), uniformity of content (assay), acid neutralizing capacity, Identification by FTIR spectroscopy all are found within the limits as per USP specifications. All three formulation batches are stable under accelerated and ambient stability conditions for 6 months and 24 months respectively. The formulation development of sugar free oral chewable antacid tablet is pharmaceutically stable and can further analyze for safety and efficacy studies.
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PMID:Formulation development of sugar free antacid chewable tablets for diabetes induced acidity in patients. 3202 18


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