Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The beneficial antiulcer actions of carbenoxolone may possibly be due to an aldosterone-like component on the gastric mucosa. This suggests that aldosterone and possibly other corticoids may have antiulcer actions. The potential gastric antisecretory and antiulcer actions of aldosterone (ALDO) and desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) were studied in the rat in comparison to the reference standard carbenoxolone. Stress ulcers were induced in fasted rats by the the forced exertion technique. Gastric secretion was evaluated in the five-hour pyloric ligated Shay rat model. The renal mineralocorticoid actions of these drugs were also studied in the adrenalectomized rat. Intragastric administration of carbenoxolone and DOCA, but not ALDO, significantly inhibited gastric ulcer formation in rats. Carbenoxolone given subcutaneously (s.c.) did not inhibit ulcer formation. ALDO exhibited antiulcer actions only when multiple s.c. injections were made. The antiulcer actions of DOCA and ALDO are not mediated via an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion. At all doses tested DOCA and ALDO showed significant renal effect, while carbenoxolone exhibited this effect only at the highest tested dose. These results suggest that the beneficial antiulcerogenic action of carbenoxolone is due to a direct effect on gastric mucosa and is not related to an aldosterone-like component.
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PMID:Gastric antiulcer and antisecretory effects of carbenoxolone, aldosterone and desoxycorticosterone in rats. 54 42

One hundred and eight patients with gastric ulcer subjected to planned and urgent surgery have been treated for postoperative gastric atonia and intestinal paresis using electroacupuncture stimulation (EAPS). The treatment was effective in 85% of cases, with the efficacy confirmed by clinical results and gastroenterologic findings. EAPS promoted a decrease in the initially high blood levels of cortisol, aldosterone and histamine, an increase in serotonin and a reduction in gastric juice histamine levels, which were indicative of the analgetic and antihistamine EAPS effect and attenuation of parasympathetic activity. EAPS introduction into a complex of postoperative rehabilitation procedures led to reduction of drug doses or total drug replacement, early activation of surgical patients and prompt recovery of normal gastrointestinal evacuation.
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PMID:[Electroacupuncture stimulation in the treatment of postoperative disorders of the motor-evacuatory function of the stomach and intestines]. 141 12

A formal metabolic study of carbenoxolone sodium (Biogastrone) 300 mg./day has been performed for 17 days on a woman with gastric ulcer who in a previous 21-day trial, on a 52-mEq sodium diet, showed weight gain, retention, and rise in plasma sodium and chloride concentrations, as well as hypokalaemia without change in potassium balance. In the present trial sodium intake was restricted to 26 mEq/day; while plasma electrolyte changes of lesser degree still occurred, there was no retention of water, sodium, or chloride. Aldosterone secretion in the control period was 202 mug./24 hours, and fell to 74 mug./24 hours after carbenoxolone, but plasma renin was unchanged.These results suggest that the mineralocorticoid effects of carbenoxolone (and presumably of liquorice and its other derivatives) are due to an intrinsic aldosterone-like action, and that, with sodium deprivation, aldosterone secretion is suppressed by a mechanism which is not renin-mediated-possibly hypokalaemia.
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PMID:Metabolic studies, aldosterone secretion rate, and plasma renin after carbenoxolone sodium. 578 14

Various lines of evidence indicate that aldosterone and prostaglandins may play physiological roles in protecting the gastric mucosa. This would suggest that low-sodium, high-potassium diets, and supplementation with essential fatty acids that are efficient prostaglandin precursors (as in evening primrose oil), may have value in the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcer and gastritis. A low-sodium, high-potassium diet may also reduce the risk of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Nutritional modulation of mineralocorticoid and prostaglandin production: potential role in prevention and treatment of gastric pathology. 635 85

Patients with benign gastric ulcer were treated for four weeks with carbenoxolone sodium as Biogastrone tablets 100 mg three times a day, and if the ulcers were not healed at 4 weeks treatment was continued for a further 4 weeks. Fifty two patients entered the trial, and 12 were withdrawn. In 17 patients who were randomly allotted double-blind additional dummy tablets 16 of their ulcer healed completely endoscopically, whereas of the 23 patients given additional amiloride 5 mg three times a day only 14 ulcers healed, a significant reduction in ulcer healing. The clinical (weight gain and oedema) and metabolic (hypertension, hypokalaemia and hypernatraemia) side-effects were reduced by the active amiloride therapy, but serum carbenoxolone levels were not affected. Thus the potassium-retaining diuretic amiloride, like the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone, markedly reduces both the ulcer-healing and the metabolic side-effects of carbenoxolone sodium, and should not be used together with it in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
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PMID:The influence of amiloride on the therapeutic and metabolic effects of carbenoxolone in patients with gastric ulcer. A double-blind controlled trial. 701 May 28

Licorice, the root of Glycyrrhiza spp. (Fabaceae), has been used since ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman times in the West and since the Former Han era (the 2nd-3rd century B.C.) in ancient China in the East. In traditional Chinese medicine, licorice is one of the most frequently used drugs. In Japan, the oldest specimen of licorice introduced from China in the middle of the 8th century still exists in Shosoin, the Imperial Storehouse, in Nara. Extracts of licorice were recommended as a remedy for gastric ulcer by Revers of the Netherlands in 1946, which was soon withdrawn owing to its side effects. Carbenoxolon sodium, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) hemisuccinate Na, was prepared from licorice to treat peptic ulcer in the UK. In Japan for the past 60 years, a glycyrrhizin (GL) preparation under the name of Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC) has been used clinically as an antiallergic and antihepatitis agent. GL and GA sometimes induce edema, hypertension, and hypokalemia in patients treated with higher doses and long-term administration. The mechanism of this side effect, pseudoaldosteronism, has been explained as due to the 11-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase inhibitory activity of GL and GA. The excess of endogenous cortisol produced combines with the renal mineral corticoid receptor, which promotes an aldosterone-like action. GL and GA reduce alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) values in the serum. This hepatoprotective effect has recently been explained as the inhibitory effects of GL and GA on immune-mediated cytotoxicity against hepatocytes and on nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, which activates genes encoding inflammatory cytokines in the liver. To exclude the side effects and enhance the therapeutic activities, chemical modification of GL and GA has been performed. Deoxoglycyrrhetol (DG), homo- and heteroannular diene homologs of dihemiphthalates, showed a remarkable improvement in antiinflammatory, antiallergic, and antiulcer activities in animal experiments. Immunomodulating effects of GL, GA, and DG derivatives, which induce interferon-gamma and some other cytokines, have been demonstrated in relation with their antiviral activities. Antiinflammatory, antitumorigenic, and antimalarial effects of licorice flavonoids have also been investigated.
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PMID:A drug over the millennia: pharmacognosy, chemistry, and pharmacology of licorice. 1108 98