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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Samples of gastric juice were aspirated every 15 minutes from 54 normal subjects and 31 patients with chronic gastric ulcers during a maximal histamine infusion test. The known tendency of patients with gastric ulcers to secrete a less acid gastric juice than that of normal subjects was confirmed. However, the hypo-acidity was related to the extent by which the total ionic concentration was less than the isotonic value of 328 mEq/l. On the assumption that such hypo-acidity was produced by the neutralisation of hydrogen ions by bicarbonate ions refluxing into the stomach from the duodenum, the data were corrected and resulted in a normal estimate of the hydrogen ion concentration in the gastric ulcer group. Independent corrections, according to the sodium content of refluxed duodenal juice, yielded similar results for the volume of gastric juice aspirated. It is concluded that while back-diffusion can explain the hypo-acidity of gastric juice in patients with gastric ulcers, duodenal reflux can explain both the hypo-acidity and the hypotonicity, and is therefore more likely to be the correct explanation.
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PMID:Hypo-acidity of gastric juice in chronic gastric ulceration caused by neutralisation. 0 97

To determine the effectiveness of hydrogen ion neutralization in preventing the clinical complications (hemmorrhage and perforation) of acute gastroduodenal disease after thermal injury, 48 patients with burns of greater than 35% total body surface were evaluated within 72 hours after injury. In a prospective, randomized fashion, patients were chosen to receive antacid or no-antacid therapy. An established lithiumflux technique was utilized to determine the integrity of the gastric mucosal barrier (GMB) before group selection. Only one of the 24 patients receiving antacid developed significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding; however, seven of 24 patients receiving no antacid experienced hemorrhage and gastric ulcer perforation (p less than 0.02). None of seven patients with GMB disruption who received antacid developed a clinical complication; however, six of 15 patients with GMB disruption receiving no antacid experienced clinical complications (p less than 0.05). Neutralization of gastric acid offers protection against the development of clinically significant ulcer complications in the burn patient.
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PMID:Antacid control of complications from acute gastroduodenal disease after burns. 78 19

Proton beam radiation therapy using 250 MeV protons was carried out on two patients with early gastric cancer (T1, N0, M0). One patient was an 85-year-old man with early gastric cancer of type IIa + IIc. The other one was a 70 year old man with early gastric cancer of type IIc. In both cases histological examination of biopsy specimens showed differentiated adenocarcinoma; distant metastasis was not found by other examinations. Both patients were considered inoperable due to their poor cardiac and/or respiratory functions. Therefore, it was decided to treat them by definitive proton irradiation, delivering total doses of 86 Gy and 83 Gy, respectively. In both patients, skin erythema that did not require any special treatment was found in the irradiation field. Hematobiological examinations did not show any abnormality. Although endoscopic examination at two years after irradiation in the former case and at seven months in the latter case showed persistent gastric ulcer at the site of the cancerous lesions, cancer cells were not found histologically. Therefore, we concluded that proton irradiation therapy was useful for inoperable early gastric cancers.
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PMID:Definitive proton beam radiation therapy for inoperable gastric cancer: a report of two cases. 164 84

The effects of a potent new histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist, BMY-25368, were studied on gastric acid secretion in 5 foals from which food was withheld. Doses of 0.02, 0.11, 0.22, and 1.10 mg/kg of body weight were administered IM in a randomly assigned treatment sequence. Following BMY-25368 administration, hydrogen ion concentration was decreased and mean pH was higher than baseline values in a dose-response pattern. At the 0.22 and 1.10 mg/kg doses, the high pH was sustained for greater than 4 hours. The BMY-25368 thus may be useful for treating gastric ulcer disease in horses.
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PMID:Effects of a histamine type-2 receptor antagonist (BMY-25368) on gastric secretion in horses. 167 93

A method was developed to measure the mucosal blood flow (BF), mucosal pH (pH), and transmucosal potential difference (PD) in various sites from the oral cavity to the duodenum without surgical operation or damage to the subject rats. These measurements were carried out by using three indicator electrodes, which were attached to the various sites through the suction channel of an endoscope. The hydrogen gas clearance method was used for the measurement of BF. BF values obtained at the fundic, pyloric, and duodenal regions were 119 +/- 17, 69.9 +/- 8.8, and 114 +/- 18 ml/min/100 g (mean +/- SE), respectively. The pH values were lowest at the cardiac portion and the forestomach and highest at the duodenum. PD showed higher values at the stomach and lower values at the pharynx and duodenum. Using this technique, it was possible to measure the BF, pH, and PD repeatedly and safely at various sites in the same rat. Therefore, it was suggested that this method is useful in studying the physiological functions of the stomach and duodenum and the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulceration and that this method is applicable to measure the change of the above parameters in the healing process of gastric ulcer in rats.
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PMID:A new method for measurement of blood flow, pH, and transmucosal potential difference in rat gastroduodenal mucosa by endoscopy. 193 91

Hydrogen clearance was used to assess blood flow in fundal and antral gastric mucosa as well as in the lobule of the auricle in 127 patients with ulcer (99 duodenal and 28 gastric ulcer cases), 34 patients with gastric, duodenal, pancreatic and biliary ++non-ulcer lesions against 20 healthy subjects. The findings underwent analysis in relation to the disease form and phase, baseline characteristics of the mucosa (morphological, functional and bacteriological) and changes in them in response to pentagastrin (6 micrograms/kg), alupent (0.0075 mg/kg), clofelin (0.0015 mg/kg) administration. For ulcer involving the body of the stomach and sutured perforated duodenal ulcer, fundal and antral mucosa blood flow showed a decrease by 1/3, the lowest values presenting in the active disease phase. Diminution in gastric mucosa blood flow correlated with gravity of its gastritic lesion and was not directly related to its Campylobacter contamination. Pentagastrin stimulated blood flow in fundic mucosa and led to its 30% increase whereas the flow intensity remained unaffected in the antral mucosa and skin (lobule of the auricle). Acid production in response to pentagastrin introduction rose 3.5-fold, pepsin 2.1-fold. Alupent and clofelin do not affect blood flow causing a 30-50% increase and decrease in acid and pepsin production, respectively. Separate neurohumoral regulation of gastric mucosa blood flow and secretory activity of the latter permits differential correction of each of the impaired functions.
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PMID:[Characteristics of blood flow in the gastric mucosa in relation to its structure and function in patients with peptic ulcer]. 194 70

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of omeprazole are reviewed. Omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, has a unique site and mechanism of action because it inhibits the proton pump--i.e., hydrogen, potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+,K+-ATPase)--and consequently blocks the final common step in the gastric acid secretory pathway. Omeprazole inhibits basal and histamine-, gastrin- and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric hydrochloric acid secretion. It produces a dose-dependent reduction in gastric acidity, gastric acid output, and gastric juice volume and has variable effects on pepsin secretion. Omeprazole has no documented effect on esophageal motility or lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Omeprazole is variably absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and food appears to decrease the rate, but not the extent, of drug absorption. The drug is approximately 95% bound to plasma proteins and is metabolized to inactive components that are enterohepatically or renally eliminated. Omeprazole is more effective (in most studies) than H2-receptor antagonists in treating duodenal ulcer, at least as effective in treating benign gastric ulcer, and more effective in treating reflux esophagitis. Omeprazole has been used successfully in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome refractory to treatment with H2-receptor antagonists. Gastrointestinal complaints (nausea and diarrhea) are the most commonly reported adverse effects associated with omeprazole therapy. The most frequently reported laboratory abnormality occurring with omeprazole use is elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations. Omeprazole will serve a valuable role in the management of gastrointestinal tract ulcers and hypersecretory conditions.
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PMID:Therapeutic evaluation of omeprazole. 306 85

The role of pepsin in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer has been the subject of intense study and debate for many years. Two difficulties inherent in distinguishing between the role of acid alone vs acid and pepsin are that a) acid-containing gastric juice always contains pepsin, and, b) that hydrogen ion concentration (pH) is a major determinant of the activity of pepsin. However, studies in animal models of peptic ulcer indicate clearly that pepsin, in combination with acid, produces much more severe and more extensive mucosal damage than acid alone. Recent interest in pepsin and its precursor, pepsinogen, has stemmed from the finding that each is remarkably heterogeneous, and that the heterogeneity has a genetic basis. Results of studies using radioimmunoassays specific for the 2 major forms of pepsinogen, pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II, have shown that serum levels of pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II, and the ratio of pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II, can be used as noninvasive probes of gastric mucosal structure and function, indicators of the genetics and heterogeneity of duodenal ulcer, and as markers of increased risk for duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer.
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PMID:Pepsinogens, pepsins, and peptic ulcer. 311 99

In 50 patients with gastric ulcer indices of oxygen tension (pO2) levels were investigated in correlation with the concentration of prostaglandins (E and F2 alpha), prostacyclin, thromboxane as well as with values of transmucous difference of potentials in different parts of the gastric mucosa, they were compared with 30 healthy controls. It has been assumed that the detected increase of reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions (the appearance of positive values of the transmembranous potential) and disorder of the ratio of prostanoids in favor of vasoconstrictors lead to a decrease in the blood flow and pO2 in the periulcerative zone of the patients with gastric ulcer. Hypoxia of the gastric mucosa is regarded as an important pathogenetic factor of ulcerogenesis.
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PMID:[The role of local factors regulating vascular blood flow in the development of hypoxia of the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer]. 324 60

De-Nol (colloidal bismuth subcitrate, CBS) precipitates in an acid environment and adheres to the exudate layer covering an ulcer crater; moreover, CBS blocks pepsin activity, retards hydrogen-ion back-diffusion and stimulates prostaglandin synthesis. The average healing rate in duodenal ulcer (DU) after 4 weeks' treatment with CBS is 78% versus 63% with cimetidine. In a direct comparison, CBS gives 84% healing as opposed to 78% with ranitidine. The average healing rate after 4 weeks' treatment with CBS in gastric ulcer (GU) is 68% compared to 54% with cimetidine. The percentage of relapse-free patients, 1 year after DU or GU healing, with CBS is substantially higher than is the case with H2-receptor blockers.
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PMID:Colloidal bismuth subcitrate in peptic ulcer--a review. 330 17


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