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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The output and concentration of gastric glycoproteins in gastric juice from patients with chronic duodenal and gastric ulcer and from controls, have been determined in the basal state and following pentagastrin stimulation. Patients with gastric ulcer had a significantly higher basal glycoprotein output, basal glycoprotein concentration and stimulated glycoprotein concentration than patients with duodenal ulcer or controls. The basal and stimulated glycoprotein output in gastric juice from patients with duodenal ulcer and controls was independent of ABO blood group and secretor status. The carbohydrate composition of the gastric glycoproteins has also been determined in the basal state, and following stimulation of gastric juice by pentagastrin, which did not influence the carbohydrate composition of the molecules. The principal carbohydrate components were galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and sialic acid. Small amounts of mannose and glucose were detected in some gastric glycoprotein samples. The carbohydrate composition of the glycoproteins varied according to the ABO blood group and secretor status of the individual. Glycoproteins form stimulated gastric juice from non-secretors of groups A and O had a higher sialic acid content than glycoproteins from secretors of the same blood groups. There were no significant differences in the carbohydrate composition of glycoproteins from patients with chronic gastric and duodenal ulcer compared with gastric glycoproteins from control subjects of the same blood group and secretor status.
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PMID:Gastric glycoproteins in chronic peptic ulcer. 106 83

Beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside and its aglycone (the major constituent of the seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides L.) were investigated for their antigastroulcerative activity in rats. Two experimental gastric ulcer models were selected: chronic acetic acid-induced ulcers and cold stress-induced ulcers. Both the glucoside and its aglycone showed antiulcerative activity in chronic acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer models, and their effects were at least comparable to the effects of wishupin in combination with cimetidine. The effect of aglycone appears better than the glucoside's. Glucoside also showed visibly antiulcerative effects on cold stress-induced ulcers, but wishupin combined with cimetidine did not have such effects.
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PMID:[The antigastroulcerative activity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside and its aglycone in rats]. 139 37

The effects of phenylalaninol (D-isomer) on gastric acid secretion and gastric ulcer were studied in rats. The compound reduced the gastric acid secretion stimulated by intracisternal thyrotropin releasing hormone and intravenous 2-deoxy-D-glucose, but not that stimulated by subcutaneous carbachol or histamine. Phenylalaninol prevented stress- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. We conclude that phenylalaninol inhibits ulcer formation mainly by central inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
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PMID:Effects of phenylalaninol on centrally induced gastric acid secretion. 147 31

In order to establish a reliable method for the production of gastric antral ulcer in rats, combined treatments with three factors: a vagal stimulant, a mucosal barrier breaker and a necrotizing agent were investigated. By the combined administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 200 mg/kg, i.v.), aspirin (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) and hydrochloric acid (0.15 and 0.35 N, 0.5-1.5 ml/100 g, p.o.) or ammonia solution (0.5-1.0%, 0.5-1.5 ml/100 g, p.o.), gastric lesions were prominently induced in sites of both the corpus and antrum on day 2. The largest antral ulcer was induced by the combination of 2-DG (200 mg/kg), aspirin (200 mg/kg) and ammonia solution (1%, 10 ml/kg); and the mean antral ulcer index (mm2) was 43.1 +/- 4.4 and the incidence was 100%. The antral ulcer was found to penetrate the muscularis mucosae and still observed on day 21 and day 28 after ulcer induction in a few cases. From these findings, it was indicated that this antral ulcer would be a useful model for studying the etiology and therapy of gastric ulcer disease.
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PMID:A reliable method for the production of antral gastric ulcer by a combination of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, aspirin and ammonia in rats. 174 89

Helicobacter pylori (H.p.), has been shown, experimentally, to exert a proteolytic activity against mucous fractions. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of H.p. in peptic ulcer and to analyze its possible influence on gastric mucus components, on peptic activity in gastric juice and the possible action on peptic secretion. 223 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were analyzed for the presence of H.p. in the mucosa: 99 duodenal ulcer patients (D.U.), 58 gastric ulcer patients (D.U.) and 66 dyspeptic subjects. In each patients, three contiguous gastric biopsies were taken at the antrum: the first was evaluated for gastritis (Whitehead Criteria), the two other analyzed for H.p. with a rapid urease test. In a subgroup of 25 D.U. and 18 G.U. patients, two other biopsies were taken at the fundus corpus of the stomach, to evaluate peptic secretion. To determinate mucous components (acid and neutral glycoproteins, galactose and N-acetylneuraminic acid), gastric juice samples were collected during endoscopy. H.p. was present in 89% of antral biopsies in D.U., in 56% of G.U. and in 51% of D., and was associated to antral gastritis. As regard gastric juice components, we observed an increase and a decrease of acid glycoproteins, respectively, in D.U. and G.U. patients with H.p. infection. An increase of peptic activity has been found in the gastric juice of both gastric and duodenal ulcer patients H.p. positive (G.U. p less than 0.05). On the contrary, no significant differences were observed on peptic activity in the fundus-corpus biopsies between H.p. positive and H.p. negative patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Does Helicobacter pylori have a direct proteolytic effect in ulcerative disease?]. 219 77

We studied two aspects of the human gastric mucosa: the surface morphology of mucous cells, as viewed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the glycosidic components of intracellular mucins, characterized by means of lectins. The latter were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and with colloidal gold-silver for the visualization of the reaction products in light microscopy (LM) and in SEM (backscattered mode) respectively. The surface morphology of mucous cells appears to be correlated to the secretory state. In gastric ulcers we found a prevalence of non-secreting cells. A decrease in glycosidic receptors for fucose-binding lectin and galactose-(1-3)-N-acetyl-galactosamine-binding lectin was also observed. This suggests the presence of an impaired mucus secretion which may play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer. Spiral bacteria, supposed to be aetiologically related to peptic ulcer and gastritis, were easily detected by SEM. Intestinal metaplasia defined "complete" in LM showed surface morphology and glycosidic components different from those of true intestinal mucosa. This implies the necessity of taking into account also these parameters when classifying this lesion. The same applies to polyps. Our data indicate that correlative SEM may contribute further information on the pathogenesis and pathology of gastric diseases.
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PMID:Correlative scanning electron microscopy in the study of human gastric mucosa. 309 75

Gastric stasis and duodenogastric reflux have each been implicated in the pathogenesis of various upper gastrointestinal disorders. However, the relationship between intragastric bile and gastric emptying has not been explored. In each of nine healthy volunteers (seven men and two women, ages 22-47 years), gastric emptying of 300 ml 10% dextrose labeled with [99mTc]DTPA was measured twice using gamma camera imaging. During one study, 20 min after ingestion of the test meal, 525 mg of freeze-dried, sterilized human T-tube bile dissolved in 20 ml water was introduced into the stomach via a previously sited fine-bore nasogastric tube. Intragastric bile salt concentrations were calculated to be within the range 1.7-2.9 mM. In control studies, 20 ml of water alone was similarly introduced. Emptying at 20 min was comparable for both groups of studies (38 +/- 3% vs 39 +/- 4%; mean values +/- SEM). For each individual study, emptying from 20 to 60 min was well represented by a single exponential function (r = 0.81-0.99). Half-emptying times for curves fitted over this period were similar in the two groups (bile: T1/2 = 18.8 +/- 2.6 min; control T1/2 = 18.8 +/- 1.9 min). These results indicate that intragastric bile, in concentrations similar to those found in patients with gastric ulcer, has no effect on gastric emptying of dextrose in normal subjects.
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PMID:Intragastric bile does not perturb gastric emptying of liquids in humans. 334 20

The newly identified plant-derived flavone-glycoside hypolaetin-8-glucoside, which has anti-inflammatory and gastric ulcer protective properties, and its corresponding aglycone, hypolaetin, were tested for effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis and degradation. They were compared with four other flavonoids, viz. rutin and its corresponding aglycone, quercetin, and the aglycones isoscutellarein and kaempferol. Over the range 10-1000 microM the glycosides rutin and hypolaetin-8-glucoside stimulated prostaglandin formation by sheep seminal vesicle microsomes incubated with radiolabelled arachidonic acid; the other compounds were essentially inactive. Over 5-5000 microM rutin and hypolaetin-8-glucoside enhanced the release of prostacyclin (and other prostanoids) from fragments of rat caecum incubated in the absence of additional arachidonic acid; the four aglycones compounds did not stimulate prostacyclin release but some reduced it at 5000 microM. However, the glycosides did not affect the enzymatic inactivation of radiolabelled prostaglandin F2 alpha by semi-purified bovine lung prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase (PGDH) or in 100,000 g supernatants prepared from homogenised rat stomach. Three of the four aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, isoscutellarein, in descending order of potency) were inhibitory to PGDH with ID50 values in the range 130-2100 microM. The results show that the capacity of flavonoids to enhance prostaglandin formation is associated with the presence of glycosidic substitution, whereas PGDH inhibition requires its absence. The relevance of this biochemical profile of hypolaetin-8-glucoside to its anti-inflammatory gastroprotective effects in vivo is discussed.
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PMID:Actions of flavonoids and the novel anti-inflammatory flavone, hypolaetin-8-glucoside, on prostaglandin biosynthesis and inactivation. 383 99

The effects of 5-acetylspiro[benzofuran-2(3H),1'-cyclopropan]-3-one (AG 629), a newly synthesized compound, on various experimentally induced ulcers were investigated. Oral or intraduodenal administration of AG 629 in a dose range of 25-100 mg/kg inhibited water-immersion stress ulcer, exertion ulcer, Shay ulcer, indometacin- and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced gastric ulcer, and indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulcer in rats, histamine-induced gastric ulcer in guinea pigs, and ASA-induced gastric ulcer in dogs, though it was not effective against cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in rats. AG 629 in doses of 6.3-25 mg/kg p.o. twice a day significantly promoted the healing of acetic acid- or thermal-cortisone-induced gastric ulcers and acetic acid-induced duodenal ulcers in rats. AG 629 (25-100 mg/kg i.d.) inhibited the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin in pylorus-ligated rats and the acid secretion stimulated by distension of the rat stomach with air, whereas this compound did not affect acid secretion stimulated by histamine, pentagastrin, carbachol or 2-deoxy-D-glucose. This study shows that AG 629 has both prophylactic and curative effects on various ulcers. The anti-ulcer effect of this agent seems to be mediated primarily by increasing mucosal resistance and secondarily by an antisecretory activity.
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PMID:Effects of 5-acetylspiro[benzofuran-2(3H),1'-cyclopropan]-3-one, a new anti-ulcer agent, on experimental acute and chronic ulcers. 407 15

The isolation and composition of glycoproteins from mucosae of normal stomachs, of stomachs with gastric ulcer, and of stomachs with carcinoma is described. The glycoproteins from the mucosae of normal stomachs and with gastric ulcer showed virtually the same carbohydrate and amino acid content as the principal gastric glycoprotein isolated from gastric aspirates. They all revealed a common basic carbohydrate composition: galactose, fucose, glucosamine, and galactosamine were present in approximate molar ratios of 4:3:3:1. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE GLYCOPROTEINS ISOLATED FROM GASTRIC ASPIRATES FROM NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC GASTRIC MUCOSAE SHARE A NUMBER OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES: (1) a protein core with a characteristic amino acid composition; (2) the range of sugars forming the carbohydrate side chains; (3) galactosamine approximately equimolar with the sum of threonine and serine; (4) galactose approximately equimolar with the sum of glucosamine and galactosamine; (5) absence of mannose; (6) a high carbohydrate content (80-85%); and (7) blood group activity. The neoplastic glycoproteins differed from the normal glycoproteins in that the quantitative relationships of the carbohydrate components of the neoplastic glycoproteins showed variations dividing the extracts investigated into groups, each group with a distinctive and constant carbohydrate composition. The blood group specificity of 15 out of 24 cases investigated differed from that of the hosts' red cells.
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PMID:A comparative study of the major glycoprotein isolated from normal and neoplastic gastric mucosa. 470 16


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