Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, we compared the effects of alpha-tocopherol and probucol, antioxidants, on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in 8-, 48- and 96-week-old rats. The repeated oral administration of alpha-tocopherol (16 mg/kg twice daily) and probucol (1000 mg/kg twice daily) for 14 consecutive days markedly accelerated the gastric ulcer healing in 48- and 96-week-old rats as well as 8-week-old ones. The ulcer healing effects of both drugs were not significantly different among the rats at three different ages. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the ulcerated region of 8-, 48- and 96-week-old rats was markedly lower than that in the unulcerated region. In contrast, the thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substance content, an index of lipid peroxidation, in the ulcerated region of rats at three different ages markedly increased, as compared to that in the unulcerated region. The SOD activity tended to decrease with aging, while the TBA-reactive substance content gradually increased. The repeated administration of alpha-tocopherol and probucol accelerated the ulcer healing and inhibited the increase in the TBA-reactive substance content in the ulcerated region. These results suggest that alpha-tocopherol and probucol promote the ulcer healing by their potent antioxidant activities in 48- and 96-week-old rats as well as 8-week-old rats.
 ...
PMID:Influence of aging on gastric ulcer healing activities of the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and probucol. 1895 44

This study investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effect of simvastatin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to vehicle-, simvastatin-, simvastatin+L-arginine- and simvastatin+N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-pretreated groups for two weeks. Pyloric ligation was performed for the collection of gastric juice, and gastric ulceration was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (30 mg/kg). Gastric juice parameters (total acid output, pepsin activity and mucin concentration) were determined. The stomachs tissues were used for determination of gastric mucosal lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total nitrites and prostaglandin E(2) levels. Pretreatment with simvastatin (10 mg/kg, orally, for 2 weeks) caused significant reduction in gastric mucosal lesions and lipid peroxides associated with a significant increase in gastric juice mucin concentration. Simvastatin significantly increased the gastric mucosal total nitrite and prostaglandin E(2) levels. Additionally, simvastatin attenuated the elevations in gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase observed with indomethacin. The gastroprotective effect afforded by simvastatin was significantly augmented by coadministration with L-arginine (a nitric oxide precursor) and inhibited by coadministration with L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Results confirm a gastroprotective effect for simvastatin, and indicate that the anti-ulcer effect of simvastatin is mediated by scavenging free radicals, increasing nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) levels, and increasing gastric juice mucin production. We conclude that simvastatin represents a more suitable antihyperlipidemic therapy for patients who are at risk of gastric ulcers that were induced by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
 ...
PMID:Gastroprotective effect of simvastatin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: role of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. 1921 1

Acute cold stress caused lesions of gastric mucosa as a result of its attack by active oxygen and nitrogen compounds. The tissue regeneration is regulated by a cascade of tyrosine protein kinases. Gastric ulceration leads to a decrease in activity of tyrosine protein kinases and phosphatases, following by fall in phosphotyrosine content in proteins of plasma membranes of gastric mucosa cells. No changes in superoxide dismutase activity, slight increase in catalase activity, inhibition of glutathione peroxydase, significant increase in OH* content and decrease in zinc level were observed in the gastric mucosa cells of stressed rats. That increased oxidative damage can lead to inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Nitric oxide synthase activity was three times higher in gastric mucosa cells after the cold stress. That can promote nitrosylation of tyrosine residues. During following days nitric oxide synthase activity remains high. Superoxide dismutase is activated on the 4 and 5th day after the stress. Catalase activity normalizes after second day. Tyrosine protein kinase activity increases in membranes with maximum on the 4th day, and remains inhibited in cytosole. Tyrosine protein phosphatases keep inhibited as well. Gluthatione peroxydase activity and zinc level decreased on the 5th day. Obtained results can be the evidence of violations in signal transduction through protein tyrosine kinase cascades, due to the reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation, as a result of increase in the content of active oxygen and nitrogen species.
 ...
PMID:[Functioning of tyrosine protein kinases and phosphatases in gastric mucosa cells under conditions of oxidative and nitrosative stress in gastric lesions]. 1924 21

The pathogenesis of gastric ulcer is associated with remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) by various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, how MMPs are regulated during nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced acute gastric ulceration is not well studied. In this study, different NSAIDs (80 mg/kg b.w.) were applied to generate acute gastric ulcer in the BALB/c mouse and the regulation of MMPs were investigated. NSAIDs caused dose-dependent induction in MMP-9 and -3 activities and expressions in ulcerated gastric tissues along with significant infiltration of inflammatory cells and disruption of gastric mucosal layer. In addition, an increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-8 expression, excessive generation of hydroxyl radical ((*)OH), and protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation were observed in acute ulcerated gastric tissues. In this study, the efficacy of melatonin on activities of MMP-9 and -3 during prevention of gastric ulcers was tested. Melatonin at a dose of 60 mg/kg b.w. downregulated MMP-9 and -3 both at the enzyme and protein levels in mouse gastric tissues during prevention as well as healing of acute gastric ulcers. It also blocked oxidative stress via inhibition of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, (*)OH generation and SOD-2 expression. Moreover, it suppressed myeloperoxidase activity and expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-8. This study documents for the first time that induction of MMP-9 and -3 activities accompany NSAID-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in gastric tissues and indicates that, melatonin may be a preventive or therapeutic remedy for gastric ulcers.
 ...
PMID:Induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -3 in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced acute gastric ulcers in mice: regulation by melatonin. 1952 38

Tricyclic antidepressants are particularly useful in the treatment of endogenous depression. Since the 1950s, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have also been used for the treatment of gastric ulcer disease. Many TCAs have been evaluated for their antiulcer effects, but there are presently no data in the literature specifically concerning the antidepressant opipramol. This study aimed to investigate the antiulcer effects of opipramol and to determine its potential relationship with oxidant and antioxidant systems. The antiulcer activities of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg opipramol have been investigated on indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats. Compared with a control group (indomethacin alone), opipramol decreased indomethacin-induced ulcers significantly at all doses used (52%, 71% and 76% respectively). Opipramol also significantly increased the glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the stomach tissue, all of which were decreased in the control group given only indomethacin. All doses of opipramol also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) levels in stomach tissue compared to the control. In conclusion, the activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms, as well as the inhibition of some toxic oxidant mechanisms, appear to play a role in the antiulcer effect of opipramol. This new indication for opipramol prompts a rethinking about the possible clinical application of opipramol, particularly for peptic ulcer patients also presenting depression.
 ...
PMID:Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of opipramol on indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats. 1957 22

This study is to investigate therapeutic effect of astaxanthin on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were divided into control group, ulcer control group, and astaxanthin (5, 10, and 25 mg x kg(-1)) groups at random, 8 rats in each group. After administered for 10 days consecutively, all the rats were sacrificed. The area of ulcer and the levels of MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in gastric mucosa were measured. Compared with ulcer control group, in astaxanthin (5, 10, and 25 mg x kg(-1)) groups, the area of ulcer was decreased significantly. Level of MDA decreased while activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increased (P < 0.05). Astaxanthin has good therapeutic effect on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Eliminating free radical and improving local blood circulation of the ulcer may be the mechanism of action.
 ...
PMID:[Therapeutic effect of astaxanthin on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats]. 1961 36

Pongamia pinnata has been advocated in Ayurveda for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions and dyspepsia. The present work includes initial phytochemical screening and study of ulcer protective and healing effects of methanolic extract of seeds of P. pinnata (PPSM) in rats. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of flavonoids in PPSM. PPSM when administered orally (po) showed dose-dependent (12.5-50 mg/kg for 5 days) ulcer protective effects against gastric ulcer induced by 2 h cold restraint stress. Optimal effective dose of PPSM (25 mg/kg) showed antiulcerogenic activity against acute gastric ulcers (GU) induced by pylorus ligation and aspirin and duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine but not against ethanol-induced GU. It healed chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid when given for 5 and 10 days. Further, its effects were studied on various parameters of gastric offensive acid-pepsin secretion, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) and defensive mucosal factors like mucin secretion and mucosal cell shedding, glycoproteins, proliferation and antioxidants; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. PPSM tended to decrease acid output and increased mucin secretion and mucosal glycoproteins, while it decreased gastric mucosal cell shedding without any effect on cell proliferation. PPSM significantly reversed the increase in gastric mucosal LPO, NO and SOD levels caused by CRS near to the normal level while it tended to increase CAT and GSH level decreased by CRS and ethanol respectively. Thus, the ulcer protective effects of PPSM may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and the actions may be due to its effects both on mucosal offensive and defensive factors.
 ...
PMID:Effect of methanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata Linn seed on gastro-duodenal ulceration and mucosal offensive and defensive factors in rats. 1977 71

Several reports have indicated that indomethacin-induced gastropathy is mediated through generation of free radicals, neutrophil infiltration and disturbance in nitric oxide production. Rutin is a potent antioxidant flavonoid. Recently, rutin was reported to inhibit neutrophil infiltration and to modulate nitric oxide production in gastric mucosa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of rutin against indomethacin-induced gastric injury. Accordingly, four groups of rats were used. The first three groups were injected orally with vehicle, rutin (200 mg/kg) and indomethacin (48 mg/kg) respectively. The fourth group was injected with rutin 1 hr before indomethacin. Animals were killed after 6 hr of indomethacin administration. Gastric juice acidity and gastric injury were evaluated directly. Moreover, the activities of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and the contents of reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and total nitrite/nitrate (as a marker of nitric oxide production) were determined in mucosal tissues. Indomethacin increased gastric ulcer index, gastric myeloperoxidase activity, gastric acidity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance contents compared with control. On the other hand, indomethacin decreased glutathione, nitrite/nitrate contents and superoxide dismutase activity. Histopathological examination of the stomachs of indomethacin-treated rats revealed degenerative changes in gastric tissues. Pre-treatment with rutin protected gastric tissues against indomethacin-induced gastropathy as demonstrated from reduction in the ulcer index, attenuation of histopathological changes and amelioration of the altered oxidative stress and biochemical parameters. These results indicate that rutin has a protective effect against indomethacin-induced gastropathy probably through inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, suppression of oxidative stress generation and replenishing nitrite/nitrate levels regardless of gastric acidity.
 ...
PMID:Gastroprotective effect of rutin against indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats. 2037 37

The protective effects of telmisartan, the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist, were investigated in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus exposed to acute gastric ulceration. Following successful induction of diabetes, telmisartan treatment (1 mg/kg/day, orally) was started and continued for 8 weeks, after which acute gastric ulceration was induced by indomethacin. Telmisartan significantly attenuated the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in diabetic rats. Also, telmisartan significantly reduced the elevations of total gastric acid output, pepsin activity, gastric ulcer index and gastric mucosal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and caspase-3 activity, and restored the depleted antioxidant defenses (reduced glutathione level, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) caused by indomethacin administration in diabetic rats. Histopathological gastric tissue damage induced by indomethacin in diabetic rats was ameliorated by telmisartan treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that telmisartan markedly attenuated the reduction in insulin content of pancreatic islet beta-cells, and prevented the indomethacin-induced overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor-kappaB in gastric mucosa of diabetic rats. It was concluded that telmisartan represents a potential therapeutic option to reduce the risk of gastric ulceration induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in type 2 diabetic patients.
 ...
PMID:Ameliorative effects of telmisartan in diabetic rats with indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. 2039 71

The ethanol leaf extract (ELE) of Cassia fistula Linn. (Caesalpinaceae) was evaluated for antiulcer activity against pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer. Ranitidine (30 mg/kg b.w.) and ELE at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg b.w. were administered orally in different groups of rats (n = 6), 1 h prior to pyloric ligation. Four hours after pyloric ligation, the gastric juice was collected for evaluation of various parameters. The antiulcer activity of ELE was evidenced by the significant attenuation of gastric volume, pH, free acidity, and total acidity in the gastric juice of pyloric-ligated rats in a dose-dependent manner, and this protective effect could be due to strengthening of the mucosal defense mechanism. ELE pre-treatment significantly attenuated the fall in status of sialic acid and fucose accompanied by an increase in hexose, hexosamine, total non-amino polysaccharide, total carbohydrate, and C:P ratio in the gastric juice of pylorus-ligated rats, and this effect could be due to protection of the mucosal barrier system. ELE pre-treatment significantly prevented the increase in LPO and SOD accompanied by a fall in CAT, in the gastric juice of pyloric-ligated rats. This protective ability of ELE against pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer could be attributed to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Higher doses of ELE (750 mg/kg b.w.) produced maximum antiulcer activity comparable to ranitidine treatment. In essence, the antiulcer activity of ELE could be attributed to (i) a decrease in gastric acid secretion, (ii) protection of the mucosal barrier and restoration of mucosal secretions, (iii) inhibition of free radical generation or prevention of lipid peroxidation, and (iv) free radical scavenging or antioxidant properties.
 ...
PMID:Antiulcer activity of ethanol leaf extract of Cassia fistula. 2067 73


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>