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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric acidity was evaluated, using the histamine test (Key's test), measurement of nocturnal gastric secretion and gastric pH-metry, in 174 patients with gastric ulcers. Acidity proved to be lowered in 25% of gastric ulcers patients, normal in 30% and increased in nearly half of the patients. Intragastric proteolysis was studied in 48 individuals, including 27 patients with peptic ulcers and 21 normal controls. It was found to be normal in the overwhelming majority of peptic ulcer patients (74%). It is concluded that intragastric proteolysis can only be regarded as an aggressive factor, resulting in the formation of a gastric ulcer, when it is combined with high acidity.
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PMID:[Gastric juice acidity and intragastric proteolysis in stomach ulcer]. 249 38

Four hundred and thirteen continuous, high-frequency-sampled gastric pH-metries were subdivided into six groups (normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, prior cholecystectomy, or antisecretory treatment). The frequency distribution of those pH fluctuations that were greater than the quantitation error of instruments did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.30) between groups. Five per cent of these real pH fluctuations lasted less than 3 min. As the sampling rate increased from 1 to 60 min, the percentage of subjects whose 24-h median of pHs differed by no more than +/- 10% from that calculated on the raw high-frequency-acquired data progressively decreased (99.8%-42%). This error propagation was more marked in the case of [H+] integrals (99%-10%). A sampling rate equal to or faster than 1 min is necessary to provide a proper representation of the circadian pH pattern and to calculate accurate acidity indexes, regardless of the physiologic or pharmacologic nature of the profile.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of sampling rate in the characterization and analysis of 24-hour gastric acidity. A report on 413 cases. 257 44

The authors studied the influence of negative aeroionotherapy (AIT) on the gastric ulcer induced by pylorus ligature. After 24 hours the ligature was removed and the stomach was studied with respect to number and aspect of ulcers (hemorrhagic or not), periulcerous mucosa (edema, folds), acidity and microhemorrhage of gastric secretion. The animals were divided into 4 groups: C1 and C2 (controls)--not treated with air ions; P--prophylactically exposed 10 days before the operation to AIT; T--submitted to AIT prophylactically 10 days before the operation--therapeutically 5 days after operation. The results showed a favourable influence of AIT: the number of gastric ulcers was smaller; the regeneration processes in the mucosa were ameliorated; the gastric acid secretion and microhemorrhage diminished.
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PMID:Influence of negative air ions on experimental ulcer induced by pylorus ligature in albino rat. 261 85

Omeprazole inhibits H+,K+-ATPase, the enzyme responsible for the exchange of H+ and K+ in the final step in the acid secretory process within the parietal cell. It has been shown to produce a marked and long-lasting inhibition of acid secretion with a decrease in 24-hour intragastric acidity after repeated daily dosing. Omeprazole has been shown to give significantly higher healing rates than ranitidine or cimetidine in patients with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer. Similarly, a more pronounced effect on ulcer symptoms has been observed. In patients with reflux esophagitis, omeprazole has been shown to decrease the time with an acid milieu in the esophagus. Omeprazole has consistently given about twice as high healing rates and faster decrease in symptoms than with ranitidine. In patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, omeprazole has been found to have a rapid and long-lasting effect on acid secretion and acid-induced symptoms.
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PMID:Clinical utility and safety of omeprazole. 265 79

Although current concepts of ulcer pathophysiology postulate an imbalance between the principal aggressive factors of acid and pepsin and an impairment of mucosal defence, effective acid reduction by a variety of antisecretory drugs is associated with a significant acceleration of duodenal and gastric ulcer healing in controlled clinical trials. The healing of duodenal ulcer is related to the degree and duration of acid reduction with currently available H2-receptor antagonists. The highly significant correlation between the reduction of nocturnal acidity and ulcer healing reflects the ability of these drugs to inhibit basal and nocturnal acid secretion to a greater extent than stimulated daytime secretion. The extent to which the addition of daytime acid inhibition to that of nocturnal acid inhibition is responsible for further accelerating ulcer healing has not yet been determined, although a model has been proposed recently to explore this effect. Omeprazole has a marked effect on the duration and the degree of inhibition of intragastric acidity which is dose-dependent. In clinical trials of duodenal ulcer treatment, this efficacy and duration of effect is associated with an increased rate of healing and a leftward shift of the healing time curve.
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PMID:Relationship between inhibition of acid secretion and healing of peptic ulcers. 269 Mar 31

The thickness of Brunner's glands was measured using an ocular micrometer in 297 cases of surgically resected peptic ulcer and in 120 autopsy cases (control group). The mean maximum thickness of Brunner's glands in the control group was 1.55 +/- 0.37mm (mean +/- SD) and no difference in thickness was noted for each decade of age. The mean maximum thickness of Brunner's glands in patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastroduodenal ulcer was 2.34 +/- 1.06, 3.18 +/- 1.07 and 3.24 +/- 1.05mm, respectively. When an ulcer is within the duodenum, Brunner's glands near the ulcer were thicker than those contralateral to it. In patients with gastric ulcer, Brunner's glands were the thickest in the pyloric ulcer group and negative correlation was noted between the thickness of Brunner's glands and the distance to the ulcer from the pyloric ring. Since gastric acidity is supposed to be lower when an ulcer is located more proximally, these results suggest that Brunner's glands become hyperplastic not only with the presence of an ulcer in the duodenum but also by acid hypersecretion of the stomach.
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PMID:Thickness of Brunner's glands and its clinical significance in peptic ulcer diseases. 280 30

The aim of this work is to establish the best treatment for patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer, by measuring the effects of antiacids and H2-receptor antagonists on gastric pH. 16 patients were studied: 9 of them had a duodenal ulcer, 2 a gastric ulcer and 5 had both. All the patients remained fasting and receiving no drug for 24 hrs. During this 24 hrs., a nasogastric tube was inserted into the stomach and the gastric content was obtained by aspiration each hour from 8 A.M. to 8 P.M. Three days after, each patient received a daily dose of 1 g of Cimetidine, and the whole procedure was repeated. The same was done with 300 mg of Ranitidine daily, 150 ml of Al-Mg antiacids daily, and at last, the same procedure was performed with the association of Ranitidine and Al-Mg antiacids at the mentioned dosage. For the statistical analysis of the data, the mean ordinate of the pH was used as a representative value of each individual's pH. Individual differences (pH with treatment minus pH without treatment) were obtained. The mean effect of each treatment was obtained averaging that differences. For comparison among different drugs, the same procedure was used. Student's paired t tests were performed in a signification level. The buffering capacity was measured in the following way: The percentage of the gastric secretion samples with pH equal or higher than 4 in each treatment and in the total number of patients was confronted with the results obtained in the same patients with no treatment. All the drugs were useful for buffering the gastric acidity, but in different intensity. The association of Ranitidine and Al-Mg antiacids showed to be the most efficient statistically when compared with Cimetidine and Al-Mg antiacids; no statistical difference appeared in the comparison with Ranitidine.
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PMID:[In vivo evaluation of the effect of antacids and H2 receptor blockaders on the intragastric pH in gastric and duodenal ulcer]. 287 55

The H+K+-ATPase is supposed to be the terminal step in the acid-secreting pathway in the parietal cell. Omeprazole blocks this enzyme, resulting in a marked inhibition of basal and stimulated acid secretion. With omeprazole 20 mg daily, 24-hour intragastric acidity is decreased by about 90%. Several clinical studies have now been published in which omeprazole has been compared with the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine. Omeprazole in doses between 20 and 40 mg daily resulted in healing rates between 65% and 82% after treatment for 2 weeks and between 90% and 100% after treatment for 4 weeks. Treatment with omeprazole also gave faster and more pronounced pain relief. One comparative study in gastric ulcer has also been published showing healing rates equal to those with ranitidine. Placebo-controlled trials have also shown very pronounced therapeutic effect in reflux esophagitis. Omeprazole seems to be the drug of choice in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, giving beneficial clinical effects and pronounced and long-lasting reduction in gastric acid secretion.
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PMID:Clinical perspectives of drugs inhibiting acid secretion--H+K+-ATPase inhibitors. 302 57

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of omeprazole are reviewed. Omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, has a unique site and mechanism of action because it inhibits the proton pump--i.e., hydrogen, potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+,K+-ATPase)--and consequently blocks the final common step in the gastric acid secretory pathway. Omeprazole inhibits basal and histamine-, gastrin- and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric hydrochloric acid secretion. It produces a dose-dependent reduction in gastric acidity, gastric acid output, and gastric juice volume and has variable effects on pepsin secretion. Omeprazole has no documented effect on esophageal motility or lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Omeprazole is variably absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and food appears to decrease the rate, but not the extent, of drug absorption. The drug is approximately 95% bound to plasma proteins and is metabolized to inactive components that are enterohepatically or renally eliminated. Omeprazole is more effective (in most studies) than H2-receptor antagonists in treating duodenal ulcer, at least as effective in treating benign gastric ulcer, and more effective in treating reflux esophagitis. Omeprazole has been used successfully in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome refractory to treatment with H2-receptor antagonists. Gastrointestinal complaints (nausea and diarrhea) are the most commonly reported adverse effects associated with omeprazole therapy. The most frequently reported laboratory abnormality occurring with omeprazole use is elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations. Omeprazole will serve a valuable role in the management of gastrointestinal tract ulcers and hypersecretory conditions.
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PMID:Therapeutic evaluation of omeprazole. 306 85

The acid peptic activity in different parts of the gastroduodenal area using an original method was investigated in 25 patients with duodenal ulcer, 39 patients with gastric ulcer and 14 controls. Acidity and proteolytic activity in the gastroduodenal area were different and correlated with morphofunctional peculiarities of the mucosa. The acid peptic activity in the zone of ulceration in mediogastric and anthropyloric ulcers did not exceed that in persons without gastroduodenal pathology. The acid peptic activity in the proximal part of the duodenum was higher in the patients with duodenal ulcer than in the controls.
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PMID:[Regional peptic acid activity in gastroduodenal ulcers]. 310 56


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