Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sucralfate, an aluminum hydroxide complex of sulfated sucrose used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, was shown to prevent irradiation-induced diarrhea and bowel discomfort significantly in patients treated for pelvic cancer with external radiotherapy with intent to cure. The double-blind placebo-controlled study included 70 patients with carcinoma of the prostate and urinary bladder without distant metastasis (T1-4NO1xMO) and performance status of greater than or equal to 90% Karnofsky scale. Radiotherapy was administered in a conventional manner with MeV photons and a four-field technique. The total dose was 62-66 Gy and total treatment time of 6.5 weeks. Dose granules of sucralfate or placebo were dispensed to each patient 2 weeks after radiation started and continued for 6 weeks. All analyses were performed blindly. Seven of 34 evaluable patients in the placebo group and 18 of 32 evaluable patients in the sucralfate group did not present with diarrhea during the observation period. The frequency of defecation and stool consistency were significantly improved by sucralfate. Fourteen patients in the placebo group and only three in the sucralfate group required symptomatic therapy with loperamide. There was no evidence of adverse effects associated with the use of sucralfate. Sucralfate can be of beneficial value in diminishing the bowel discomfort during radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies, and the earlier proposed mechanisms of action (e.g., protection of denuded mucosa, cytoprotective properties, binding bile acids) can also be valid for the current effects of sucralfate.
 ...
PMID:Prevention of irradiation-induced bowel discomfort by sucralfate: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study when treating localized pelvic cancer. 188 3

In an open randomized study including 51 consecutive patients with gynaecological malignancies sucralphate was daily administered to patients receiving pelvic irradiation. Sucralphate, an aluminium hydroxide complex of sulphated sucrose used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, seems to be of value in preventing radiation-induced bowel discomfort. The most objective parameter, frequency of diarrhoea was almost 50% less in the sucralphate groups as compared to the controls. The patients receiving sucralphate in general displayed only minor alterations in bowel habits even at the end of the radiation treatment. The number of patients requiring symptomatic therapy with loperamide were markedly lower in the sucralphate group. Subjective discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite were also less common. A reduction in acute reactions to irradiation increases the possibility of carrying through planned treatment and avoids unfavourable intermissions, and thus curing the patient with cancer in the pelvis by means of radiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Beneficial effects of sucralphate in radiation induced diarrhea. An open randomized study in gynecological cancer patients. 224 14

Ingestion of foreign bodies, either intentionally or accidentally, is quite common. The authors report an unusual case in which a 32-year-old man deliberately assembled a large metallic aggregate in his stomach by swallowing magnets and coins in order to relieve epigastric discomfort. The collection was retrieved by laparotomy and gastrotomy; a gastric ulcer was also found and it was oversewn. Management of this patient is discussed and the principles of treatment for ingested foreign bodies are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Unusual gastric foreign body: a case report. 305 65

The introduction of fiberoptic endoscopy has altered the relative importance of ulcer symptoms in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease. Interestingly, we now realize that 50% of ulcer patients do not have the classical ulcer symptoms and that 25% of peptic ulcers are asymptomatic. Modern forward-viewing endoscopes of small diameter enable precise diagnosis with little discomfort in 95% of all duodenal ulcer patients. A biopsy is only recommended in rare cases (giant ulcers) because the malignancy rate is only 0.024% in duodenal ulcers. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy in detecting gastric ulcer is as high as that for duodenal ulcer, but for this ulcer type it is absolutely necessary to exclude malignancy by obtaining a minimum of six biopsies (four from the ulcer margin and two from the ulcer base), since approximately 10% of all gastric ulcers are actually carcinomas. Whereas in duodenal ulcer repeat endoscopy is seldom necessary, it is mandatory in gastric ulcer since ulcer healing is not proof of a benign ulcer. In experienced hands endoscopy is superior to radiography in duodenal and in gastric ulcer, although there is still a place for radiography as a supplementary investigation or if the patient rejects endoscopy. When selecting patients for treatment of peptic ulcer the following aspects must be considered: natural history of the disease, effectiveness of treatment, and risks and costs of treatment. Treatment goals (relief of symptoms, ulcer healing) can be achieved as far as the acute ulcer is concerned but as yet we have no evidence that we can cure chronic ulcer disease.
 ...
PMID:Current diagnosis and selection of patients for treatment of peptic ulcer disease. 405 23

A clinical study of daily administrations of CTT (2g) and CMZ (4g) was performed by randomized double blind techniques in order to compare the clinical efficacy, side effects and usefulness. The 150 cases studied were as follows; Purulent peritonitis due to perforated gastrointestinal tracts (122 cases), traumatic peritonitis (4 cases), biliary peritonitis (7 cases), postoperative peritonitis (7 cases), intraabdominal abscess (6 cases); 4 cases were excluded from the statistical evaluation because of protocol deviation. 1. No significant differences in background parameters were found between the 2 groups. 2. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy rate by the attending physician revealed no significant differences between the 2 groups (CTT 82%, CMZ 74%). However, in severely perforated duodenal and/or gastric ulcer cases, greater clinical effectiveness was obtained in the CTT group than in the CMZ group (P less than 0.05). 3. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy rate by the committee revealed no significant differences between the 2 groups; 86% and 82% for the CTT and CMZ groups, respectively. However, in cases which showed marked effectiveness, although statistical significant differences were not found between the 2 groups (P less than 0.1), the CTT group (53%) was superior to the CMZ group (38%). In 122 cases of the purulent peritonitis, the efficacy rate was 92% in the CTT group and 86% in the CMZ group; this difference was also statistically significant by U-test (P less than 0.05). 4. The effectiveness was also evaluated by microbiological study in 90 cases. No significant differences were found in the ratio of eradication of isolated bacteria between the 2 groups; 30 of 44 cases (68%) in the CTT group and 34 of 46 cases (74%) in the CMZ group. 5. With regards to this eradication of bacterial strains; 115 of 119 strains (96.6%) were eradicated in the CTT group and 115 of 126 strains (91.3%) in the CMZ group. 6. Side-effects were noted in 2 cases in the CTT group; one case of nausea with chest discomfort and the other case of drug eruption. In the CMZ group, only 1 case of drug eruption was noted. Moreover, no significant differences were found in the laboratory findings between the 2 groups. Based on these results it was concluded that the clinical effectiveness of CTT (1 g twice daily) against peritonitis is as excellent as that of CMZ (2 g twice daily), both drugs being administered by drip infusion.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative double-blind study of cefotetan and cefmetazole in patients with purulent peritonitis]. 634 64

Radiotherapy of head and neck malignancies is accompanied by oral discomforts, such as epithelitis, pain and functional impairment. This can lead to chronic sequalae with subjective distress such as loss of taste and xerostomia and pronounced decrease in quality of life. Thus, the need to reduce the mucosal damage following radiotherapy is obvious. Therefore, we investigated the possible ability of sucralfate, an aluminium hydroxide complex of sulphated sucrose used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, in preventing oral discomfort in patients treated with curative intent for malignancies in the head and neck region. The study was double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized and included 50 consecutive patients. The study demonstrated that the proportion of patients with severe mucosal reactions was significantly lower in the sucralfate group than in the placebo group.
 ...
PMID:Effects of sucralfate on mucositis during and following radiotherapy of malignancies in the head and neck region. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. 771 60

We report herein the case of a 65-year-old man who developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastric stump 9 years after undergoing a distal gastrectomy for a gastric ulcer. The patient presented with epigastric discomfort, and an upper gastrointestinal series and gastroscopy revealed a lymphoma lesion located close to the site of his gastroduodenal anastomosis. A total gastrectomy was performed, followed by combination chemotherapy, comprised of vincristine, Endoxan, prednisone and Adriamycin (VEPA). Histologically, the resected specimen was diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient has remained well without any signs of recurrence for 18 months since his operation. Although there have been a number of reports of adenocarcinoma developing in the gastric stump following surgery for peptic ulcers, the development of malignant lymphoma under such conditions is rare. Following the presentation of this case, we review the available literature and discuss the possibility of malignant lymphoma developing in the gastric stump.
 ...
PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastric stump developing 9 years after a distal gastrectomy for a peptic ulcer: a case report and review of the literature. 786 58

In 72 patients operated on for gastric ulcer, hospitalized at the Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Novi Sad within two years (1989, 1990) we analyzed clinical disorders, biochemical status and endoscopic findings. 75% of the patients were males and 25% females, mean age being 49 years. In 70.83% the two-thirds Billroth II resection was performed, in 15.28% the two thirds Billroth I resection, in 9.72% truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty, while in 4.17% supraselective vagotomy was carried out. The mean period of time after the operation was 12 years. The majority of patients complained about gastrointestinal disorders, and manifest hemorrhage was detected in 4.17% of the patients. The symptoms of the afferent loop syndrome and early dumping syndrome were verified in one patient from each group. The endoscopic finding was normal in only 2.78%, reflux esophagitis in 6.94%, chronic gastritis with and without erosions in 86.11%, chronic anastomositis in 69.44%, recurrent ulcer in 29.16% out of which hemorrhagic ulcer was found in 4.17%. Malignant neoplasm of the stomach stump was endoscopically evidenced and histologically proved in 2.78%. Multiple associated endoscopic changes were found in 58.33%. The analysis indicates the diversity of postoperative disorders after one of the operations on gastroduodenum, requiring postoperative follow ups of the patients with subjective discomfort, appropriately set diagnosis and individual therapeutical approach to prevent more serious complications.
 ...
PMID:[The postoperative status of the gastroduodenum--clinical and endoscopic analysis of 2 years' of hospital data]. 786 80

A case of intrathoracic perforation of a chronic gastric ulcer in a hiatus hernia is presented. A 67-year-old woman had suffered from interscapular pain and epigastric discomfort following large meals for four years. During the week before admission, the epigastric and interscapular pain increased, reaching a crescendo in the 24 hours before the patient's arrival in the emergency room. Chest and abdominal x-ray showed free gas and a large hiatus hernia with an intrathoracic stomach. At laparotomy, the stomach was gently returned to the abdominal cavity, and a perforated chronic gastric ulcer was found on the greater curvature. The ulcer was excised, and the diaphragmatic crura were approximated. Apart from wound dehiscence, the postoperative course was uneventful.
 ...
PMID:[Intrathoracic perforation of stomach ulcer in a massive hiatal hernia]. 848 Mar 89

AGML (acute gastric mucosal lesion) is now recognized as one of the important causal disease for gastrointestinal bleeding. If patients have sudden onsets of epigastralgia, epigastric discomfort, vomiting, hematemesis and melena following probable causes, it seems quite reasonable to make diagnosis of AGML by endoscopy with findings of gastric erosion, hemorrhagic gastritis and gastric ulcer. There are a variety of causes for AGML such as psychological and physical stress, drugs (NSAIDs, antibiotics, adrenal corticoid steroid, anti cancer drug), alcohol, serious organ failure of liver, kidney, heart, anisakiasis and etc. There are aslso a variety of endoscopic findings of AGML such as redness, edema, erosion, ulcer, bleeding which vary quickly in a short time. In this article we describe the definition, the cause, the clinical course, the location, the diagnosis, the endoscopic findings, our cases, the treatment of AGML.
 ...
PMID:[Acute gastroduodenal mucosal lesion]. 978 Jul 16


1 2 Next >>