Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the period from July 1995 to June 1996 we performed transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on 824 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Among them, 13 were dementia patients between 74 and 96 years old; they presented with urinary hesitancy in 6, retention in 4, frequency in 2 and incontinence in 1 patient. Past history included stroke in 7, hypertension in 6, pulmonary tuberculosis in 4, diabetes in 3, asthma in 2, angina pectoris in 1, Parkinson's disease in 1, pneumonia in 1, and hepatitis in 1. Careful preoperative examination revealed that they were proper candidates for TURP. They underwent TURP under spinal anesthesia. The mean operative time was 34 min, ranging from 20 to 60 min. The adenoma resected weighed 24 g on the average, ranging from 7.5 to 48 g. During surgery, although hypotension was noted in 2 patients, there was no serious morbidity. Their mental condition was well controlled with ketamine and diazepam during and after surgery. Postoperative complications included acute myocardial infarction in 1, multiple gastric ulcer in 1, and decubitus in 1. None died within 3 months after TURP, 3 died there after, and 10 patients were alive at the mean follow-up period of 26 months. Six patients reported good urination, 3 reported some improvement in urination after surgery, although requiring intermittent catheterization and 1 developed mild incontinence. In conclusion, TURP appears to provide some benefit in selected patients with dementia and should not be considered to be a contraindication for such patients.
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PMID:[Transurethral resection of the prostate for patients with dementia]. 1036 42

The effect of various stressors of different intensity applied in random order before the final single immersion restraint stress was tested in two inbred rat strains, isoprenaline-sensitive and isoprenaline-resistant. The isoprenaline-sensitive strain revealed higher incidence of heart lesions after this single acute stress and low incidence of gastric lesions. The isoprenaline-resistant strain had the opposite characteristics. These differences were constantly reproducible when this strong stressor was used. After prestress by different stressors (tail-flick, ether anaesthesia, Porsolt swimming stress) at different time schedules, the incidence of gastric ulcer lesions, the weight of organs (heart, adrenals, spleen) changed substantially in isoprenaline-sensitive rats only. The most important result was reversal of the extent of gastric lesions. The isoprenaline-sensitive strain revealed more lesions than the isoprenaline-resistant one. The repeated different prestressors mainly changed the reactivity of animals, isoprenaline-sensitive rats becoming more similar to isoprenaline-resistant rats. These findings urged us to interpret carefully the results obtained in stress research with different and multiple stressors both in animals and humans.
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PMID:The influence of repeated prestressors on single stress response in rats. 1072 Jan 1

Anaesthesia in patients with rheumatic diseases is a special challenge because chronical inflammatory activity leads to multiple pathological alterations. Airway management is of special importance in the perioperative period. If regional anaesthesia techniques are not practicable, intubation of the trachea by direct laryngoscopy may be found difficult or impossible. Possible reasons are the decreased range of motion of the cervical spine and the mandibular joint leading to a reduced opening of the mouth and reduced dorsal extension of the cervical spine. Furthermore, there is the problem of compression of the myelon in patients with subaxial instability of the cervical spine during laryngoscopy. To avoid these complications, fibre-optic intubation should be performed. Visceral manifestations of the underlying disease need particular attention, especially when related to the cardiac (diseases of the endo-, myo- or pericard), the pulmonary (pleural effusion, fibrosis, restriction) or the haematological (anaemia, chronic infection, thrombocytosis) system. Side-effects of medical treatment include adrenal insufficiency because of long-term corticosteroid therapy, coagulation disorders, gastric ulcer or impaired liver or kidney function following non-steroidal antiinflammatoric drugs (NSAID) or methotrexate therapy. Elective major surgery requires a concept for optimal gaining and using of autologous blood resources (preoperative blood donation, blood salvage) to avoid homologous blood transfusion. Even patients with chronic anaemia should not be excluded from preoperative blood donation because they are adapted to low haemoglobin levels. In pain therapy, besides NSAID, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) can be combined with non-opioid or opioid analgetics. Moderate additional opioid therapy can be remarkably successful.
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PMID:[Anesthesiological considerations in rheumatic diseases]. 1118 30

Ulcer healing involves expression of various growth factors including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) at the ulcer margin and the rise in plasma gastrin but the effects of locally applied HGF and gastrin, which are known to act as trophic factors for the gastric mucosa, with or without neutralizing antibodies against HGF and gastrin or COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors on ulcer healing and the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 during this healing have been little studied. Rats with gastric ulcers induced by serosal application of acetic acid (ulcer area 28 mm2) received a submucosal injection of either: 1)vehicle (saline), 2) HGF and 3) gastrin with or without neutralizing antibodies against HGF and gastrin or treatment with indomethacin (2 mg/kg-d i.p.), a non-specific inhibitor of COX, or NS-398 (5 mg/kg-d i.g.) and Vioxx (10 mg/kg-d i.g.), both highly specific COX-2 inhibitors. Each growth factor and specific antibodies against HGF and gastrin (100 ng/100 microl each) were injected just around the ulcer immediately after ulcer induction and this local application was repeated at day 2 following anesthesia and laparotomy. At day 13 and 21, the area of ulcers was determined by planimetry, the gastric blood flow (GBF) at ulcer margin was examined by H2-gas clearance technique and mucosal generation of PGE2 and the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA in the non-ulcerated and ulcerated gastric mucosa was analyzed using RT-PCR. The gastric ulcers healed progressively within 21 days and this effect was accompanied by significant increase in the GBF at the ulcer margin and expression of COX-2 mRNA and COX-2 protein at the ulcer area. Treatment with HGF and gastrin significantly accelerated the rate of ulcer healing and raised GBF at ulcer margin causing further significant upregulation of COX-2 mRNA and COX-2 protein (but not of COX-1 mRNA ) in the ulcerated mucosa. The upregulation of COX-2 mRNA induced by HGF was significantly attenuated by the concurrent local treatment with antibody against this growth peptide. Indomethacin and both COX-2 inhibitors significantly prolonged the ulcer healing, while suppressing the generation of PGE2 in non-ulcerated and ulcerated gastric mucosa and the GBF at ulcer margin. The acceleration of ulcer healing by HGF and gastrin and accompanying rise in the GBF at ulcer margin were significantly attenuated by the concurrent treatment with indomethacin or NS-398 and Vioxx. HGF injections produced a significant rise in the plasma gastrin levels and this was significantly attenuated by the cotreatment with NS-398. We conclude that 1) neutralization of HGF and gastrin by their specificantibodies delays ulcer healing due fall in the microcirculation around the ulcer and a decrease in the COX-2 expression, 2) COX-2 derived prostaglandins may play an important role in acceleration of the ulcer healing by various growth factors including HGF and gastrin, 3) enhancement of the local pool for growth factors such as HGF and gastrin at the ulcer site could offer a new modality for treatment of gastric ulcer.
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PMID:Involvement of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 products in acceleration of ulcer healing by gastrin and hepatocyte growth factor. 1119 47

Acute cholecystitis is increasingly becoming a disease of the elderly. The condition begins with colic-like pain in the upper abdomen radiating to the right shoulder, and is accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting. The diagnosis is confirmed by tenderness and palpable resistance in the right upper abdomen. Ultrasound detects the stone in 95% of cases, and confirms the diagnosis. Differential diagnostic considerations include appendicitis, duodenal or gastric ulcer, and myocardial infarction. Early cholecystectomy is associated with a low complication rate which, however, increases, the longer the intervention is delayed. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has a lower complication rate and a reduced hospital stay; the reported mortality rate is between 0% and 3.5%. Conventional cholecystectomy is recommended when there is concomitant choledocholithiasis and no possibility of carrying out ERCP, and in patients with previous upper abdominal surgery. Conservative treatment is applied when the patient refuses surgery or is at high risk from anaesthesia.
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PMID:[Acute cholecystitis. Do you send the patient to the operating room or to bed?]. 1133 14

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of histamine in aggravation of gastric acid back-diffusion and vascular permeability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic rats. Male specific pyrogen-free Wistar rats were deprived food for 24 h before the experiment. Intravenous LPS (3 mg/kg dissolved in sterilized saline) was given to rats 12 h after food removal. Control rats received sterilized saline only. Under diethylether-anesthesia, the pylorus and esophageal sphincters of rats were ligated. Vagotomy also was performed. The stomachs were then irrigated for 3 h with physiological acid solutions containing 0-150 mM HCl plus adequate amount of NaCl. Increases in various ulcerogenic parameters, such as gastric acid back-diffusion, mucosal histamine concentration, luminal hemoglobin (Hb) content and stomach ulcer, were dependent on the concentration of acid solutions irrigated in stomachs of those LPS rats. Gastric vascular permeability also was increased in an acid concentration-related manner. In those LPS rats, high correlation was found between extents of acid back-diffusion and mucosal ulceration. Increased vascular permeability also closely related to the luminal Hb content. Moreover, these ulcerogenic parameters were dose-dependently ameliorated by intraperitoneal ketotifen and ranitidine. Diamine oxidase also was effective in inhibition, but exogenous histamine on the contrary, produced exacerbation of these ulcerogenic parameters. In conclusion, histamine plays a pivotal role in modulating gastric acid back-diffusion and vascular permeability that are greatly associated with hemorrhagic ulcer in septic rats.
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PMID:Role of histamine in aggravation of gastric acid back-diffusion and vascular permeability in septic rats. 1190 49

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) represents a major health problem in performance horses. Much debate exists regarding endoscopic gastric ulcer scoring systems and their ability accurately to predict severity or depth of gastric ulcers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of an endoscopist to count gastric ulcers and predict gastric ulcer severity or depth using 2 endoscopic scoring systems and compare them to the same gastric ulcers see on necropsy and histopathology. Endoscopic examination of the stomach was performed under general anaesthesia on 23 mixed breed yearling horses, after feed was withheld for 24 h. Gastric ulcers were scored using 2 systems, number/severity-scoring (N/S) and practitioner simplified (PS) systems. After endoscopy, the horses were subjected to euthanasia and the stomach mucosa examined blindly and scored again at necropsy using above scoring systems. Representative gastric ulcers were then placed in 10% formalin and processed routinely for histopathology. The gastric ulcers were scored using a histopathology system (HSS) based on ulcer depth. Number scores in the N/S scoring system and PS on endoscopic and necropsy examinations were compared using Friedman 2 way analysis of variance. Where significant differences between variables were found a post hoc analysis was conducted using a Tukey's Studentised range (HSD) test. Severity scores using the N/S (ENGS) and PS scores recorded for the stomach via endoscopy and scores from HSS were evaluated for significant association using a Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square and Pearson moment correlation coefficient analysis. Significance was P < 0.05. All horses had gastric ulcers in the nonglandular mucosa via endoscopic examination and at necropsy examination. Mean nonglandular ulcer number (ENGN) score was significantly (P = 0.0024) lower on endoscopic examination compared to the score at necropsy (NNGN); whereas PS scores were not significantly different on endoscopy when compared to necropsy examination. A significant but weak association was found between ENGS and HSS (3.89, P = 0.048; r = 0.453, P = 0.045) and no correlation was found between PS and HSS (1.2, P = 0.272; r = 0.117; P = 0.622). Only 1/23 horses had glandular ulcers observed via endoscopic examination whereas, 6/23 horses had glandular ulcers at necropsy and on histopathology. The prevalence of EGUS is high in stalled yearling horses. The endoscopist may underestimate the number of gastric ulcers and may not be able accurately to predict the severity or depth of those ulcers present in the nonglandular equine stomach. Furthermore, the endoscopist may miss glandular gastric ulcers.
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PMID:Comparison of endoscopic, necropsy and histology scoring of equine gastric ulcers. 1235 50

Irsogladine is a commonly used anti-gastric ulcer agent in Japan, and recent in vivo studies have shown it to have anti-angiogenic properties. The exact role of irsogladine as an inhibitor of angiogenesis remains uncertain. In this study, we show that irsogladine inhibited breast cancer regrowth and pulmonary metastasis but had no anti-angiogenic function against HUVEC cells. Irsogladine failed to inhibit proliferation, tubular formation, and the uPA/MMP-1 mRNA expression of HUVEC cells. We also examined the effect of irsogladine in an orthotopic transplant model of human breast cancer metastasis in athymic mice. Human MDA-MB-435 cells were injected into the mammary fat pads. After 9 weeks, the tumors were resected under general anesthesia. Irsogladine or vehicle was given p.o. daily thereafter. Daily administration of irsogladine at 120 mg/kg per day over a 5-week period had no effect on the body weight of the mice. Tumor regrowth, average volume of pulmonary metastases, and the number of metastases were inhibited by 40, 48 and 64%, respectively. These results suggest that irsogladine may be useful in the breast cancer adjuvant setting.
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PMID:Inhibition of breast cancer regrowth and pulmonary metastasis in nude mice by anti-gastric ulcer agent, irsogladine. 1475 89

Immediate results of one-stage combined operations in 509 patients aged 16 to 90 years with cholelithiasis performed in 1981-2005 were analyzed. Main indications for one-stage combined operations in these patients in urgent and elective surgery are listed. The operation was elective in 457 (89.8%) cases and urgent -- in 52 (10.2%). Laparotomy and cholecystectomy with hernioplasty were performed in 180 (35.4%) patients, resection of the stomach in patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer -- in 89 (17.5%), extirpation of the stomach for cancer -- in 89 (17.5%) patients. Retroperitoneal surgeries were performed in 13 (2.6%) patients. The operations were performed under general anesthesia in all the 509 patients. Postoperative lethality was 0.8% (4 patients).
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PMID:[One-stage combined operations in cholelithiasis]. 1685 35

We examined the involvement of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 as well as COX-2 in the healing of gastric ulcers and investigated which prostaglandin (PG) EP receptor subtype is responsible for the healing-promoting action of PGE2. Male SD rats and C57BL/6 mice, including wild-type, COX-1(-/-), and COX-2(-/-), were used. Gastric ulcers were produced by thermocauterization under ether anesthesia. Gastric ulcer healing was significantly delayed in both rats and mice by indomethacin and rofecoxib but not SC-560 given for 14 days after ulceration. The impaired healing was also observed in COX-2(-/-) but not COX-1(-/-) mice. Mucosal PGE2 content increased after ulceration, and this response was significantly suppressed by indomethacin and rofecoxib but not SC-560. The delayed healing in mice caused by indomethacin was significantly reversed by the coadministration of 11-deoxy-PGE1 (EP3/EP4 agonist) but not other prostanoids, including the EP1, EP2, and EP3 agonists. By contrast, CJ-42794 (selective EP(4) antagonist) significantly delayed the ulcer healing in rats and mice. VEGF expression and angiogenesis were both upregulated in the ulcerated mucosa, and these responses were suppressed by indomethacin, rofocoxib, and CJ-42794. The expression of VEGF in primary rat gastric fibroblasts was increased by PGE2 or AE1-329 (EP4 agonist), and these responses were both attenuated by coadministration of CJ-42794. These results confirmed the importance of COX-2/PGE2 in the healing mechanism of gastric ulcers and further suggested that the healing-promoting action of PGE2 is mediated by the activation of EP4 receptors and is associated with VEGF expression.
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PMID:Cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 accelerates the healing of gastric ulcers via EP4 receptors. 1767 47


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