Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metoclopramide, 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(2-diethyl-aminoethyl) benzamide, is advocated for use in gastro-intestinal diagnostics, and in treating various types of vomiting and a variety of functional and organic gastro-intestinal disorders. Published data have indicated that metoclopramide assists radiological identification of lesions in the small intestine, facilitates duodenal intubation and small intestine biopsy, and eases emergency endoscopy in upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. Metoclopramide reduces post-operative vomiting and radiation sickness, and ameliorates some types of drug-induced vomiting. It may provide symptomatic relief in dyspepsia and possibly in vertigo, reflux oesophagitis and hiccups, but further controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of metoclopramide in these proposed areas of use. It promotes gastric emptying prior to anaesthesia. Its effects in healing gastric ulcer and preventing relapse of duodenal ulcer remain unproven. Side-effects are few and transient, though alarming extrapyramidal reactions can occur in a small proportion of patients receiving therapeutic doses but more usually following excessive doses in young subjects. They respond rapidly to withdrawal of the drug.
 ...
PMID:Metoclopramide: a review of its pharmacological properties and clinical use. 78 7

Rupture of the oesophagus occurred during the application of cricoid pressure at induction of anaesthesia when the patient vomited. The patient, who was bleeding from a gastric ulcer, was found to have a lower oesophageal tear which, although repaired at operation, resulted in a fatal mediastinitis.
Anaesthesia 1991 Jan
PMID:Rupture of the oesophagus during cricoid pressure. 203 11

This study had been undertaken for the purpose of assessment of mesenteric anaesthesia and its effects on cardiovascular changes during abdominal surgery performed under general anaesthesia (neuroleptanaesthesia). Investigations were applied to 50 patients gastrectomized for gastric ulcer (Billroth II). The patients were subdivided into two comparable groups, with 25 in each of them. Group I had been without mesenteric anaesthesia and Group II with mesenteric anaesthesia according to Finsterer. Average arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and heart rate were measured prior to anaesthesia and intraoperatively. General anaesthesia, according to our results, led to statistically significant decline of cardiac output (p less than 0.001). Continuous drop in cardiac output was caused also by surgical manipulations in the abdominal cavity of patients without mesenteric anaesthesia. However, mesenteric anaesthesia according to Finsterer resulted in significant rise (p less than 0.001) of cardiac output, as compared to preoperative values. Hence, if undesired circulatory responses are to be avoided in abdominal surgery, mesenteric anaesthesia appears to be just as important as a careful surgical technique which should be tissue-sawing.
 ...
PMID:[Assessment of mesenteric anesthesia in abdominal interventions]. 368 69

A general anaesthetic was administered for emergency surgery to a patient with a bleeding gastric ulcer in the presence of undiagnosed thyrotoxicosis. The case is presented to illustrate firstly how hyperthyroidism may be masked by other acute illnesses, and secondly an unusual complication of thyrotoxicosis. The anaesthetic management of thyrotoxic patients undergoing incidental emergency surgery is discussed.
Anaesthesia 1985 Jan
PMID:Emergency surgery complicated by thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. 397 Mar 34

Cysteamine given three times within 8 h produced severe duodenal and gastric ulcers in female SIV rats. A pentobarbital anesthesia during the first 10 h prevented gastric ulcer formation without affecting duodenal ulcer. An additional 10 h lasting intragastric infusion with 0.6 ml/h Ringer containing 5 mmol/l of a mixture 3: 1 pure taurocholic and glycocholic acid or 20 and 50 mmol/l pure taurocholic acid in 0.2 N HCl did not reverse the protective effect of pentobarbital, e.g. incidence and intensity of gastric ulcer did not change. Treatment with somatostatin significantly reduced the intensity of duodenal ulcer. The inhibition of cysteamine-induced gastric ulcer formation by pentobarbital does not seem to be due to a possible inhibition of duodenogastric reflux but more likely to an inhibition of central nervous stress reactions by anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Effect of pentobarbital anesthesia and bile acids on cysteamine-induced duodenal and gastric ulcers in rats. 614 97

The [13C]urea breath test was adapted for use in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) for identification of experimentally induced infection with Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium causing gastric ulcer in humans. A canine anesthesia inhalation mask was modified with a volume-reducing insert allowing sufficient breath collection from these small primates within 30 sec. Fourteen milligrams of [13C urea per kilogram of body weight was adequate for clear distinction between experimentally infected and noninfected animals. Initial infection of five squirrel monkeys resulted in increased 13CO2 in breath within 3 days after inoculation with H. pylori. Additional inoculation with H. pylori superimposed on an existing gastric population caused a transient increase in breath 13CO2 values, which gradually declined over the following 15 days. Breath test results indicating H. pylori infection were confirmed by high [13C] concentration in blood, by urease-positive culture, modified Steiner stain reaction, and Western blot analysis. This modified [13C]urea breath test provides a rapid, reproducible, noninvasive method for screening small primates used as nonhuman models for the study of gastric infection with H. pylori.
 ...
PMID:Adaptation of the [13C]urea breath test as a noninvasive method for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.). 765 Aug 91

The incidence of postoperative wound infections is increased up to 35% after gastroduodenal surgery, when gastric motility and acidity are decreased, as in case of gastric ulcer or cancer, obstruction, bleeding, antacid therapy. The endogenous flora contaminating the operative-site consists of organisms of the oropharynx and the jejunum and includes anaerobes like bacteroides, aerobes like streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is therefore indicated in these high risk patients. All groups of antibiotics have been used, however 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins are the most effective. A single dose given intravenously just before anaesthesia is recommended, a second dose is advisable intraoperatively when surgery is prolonged or massive blood loss occurs. Antibiotic prophylaxis is also recommended in gastric bypass surgery for obesity, but remains controversial for percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy.
 ...
PMID:[Antibiotic prophylaxis in gastroduodenal surgery]. 777 99

Gastropleural fistula is an uncommon finding (1). Gastropleural fistulae have been reported after pulmonary resection (1), perforated paraesophageal hernia (2), perforated malignant gastric ulcer at the fundus, and gastric bypass operation for morbid obesity. We present a case of gastropleural fistula that resulted acutely from intractable postoperative nausea and vomiting after ambulatory knee arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Gastropleural fistula: an unusual cause of intractable postoperative nausea and vomiting. 865 35

Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in 6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
 ...
PMID:Surgical treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders: a review of 21 patients. 913 Mar 38

Over a 5-year period, 6 patients with potentially resectable (cT2) pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent exclusive radiotherapy. Surgery was ruled out because of the patients' age (> 75 years) in 5 cases and for contraindication for anesthesia in the remaining one. Four patients underwent intraluminal brachytherapy (50 Gy) with linear 192Ir sources; the remaining two underwent concomitant radiochemotherapy (39.6 and 50.4 Gy respectively) followed by a boost dose (50 and 20 Gy respectively) of intraluminal brachytherapy. All patients completed the treatment without relevant acute side-effects. One patient undergoing combined treatment showed gastric ulcer 8 months after treatment. Two patients showed local progression of the disease and two distant metastases. In one of the two patients with local progression, digestive by-pass was required. All patients died. Median survival was of 14 months. Actuarial survival at 1, 2 and 3 years was 66%, 33% and 16% respectively. No patient showed pain during follow-up. The fairly good quality of life observed in these patients undergoing conservative treatment and the rate of survival, comparable with that of surgical series, suggest that irradiation should be considered in those patients in whom radical surgery in contraindicated.
 ...
PMID:Organ preservation in the management of pancreatic cancer. 944 55


1 2 3 Next >>