Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostaglandin analogues, used in the treatment of duodenal and benign gastric ulcer and in the prevention of gastric ulceration caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are frequently associated with gastrointestinal side effects, particularly diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. We investigated the effects of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 derivative, on bowel motility and faecal loss of fat, water and bile acids in relation to its postprandial vs. preprandial administration. Twelve healthy subjects participated in a double-blind crossover study comparing three 5-day courses of therapy with a washout period of 1-2 weeks between courses. Following a Latin Square design, the dosing regimens were (a) 400 micrograms misoprostol b.d. after meals and placebo b.d. before meals; (b) 400 micrograms misoprostol b.d. before meals and placebo b.d. after meals; (c) placebo before and after meals. Orocaecal transit time measured by H2 breath tests following lactulose administration, was shortest during pre-prandial dosing but was also significantly decreased during post-prandial dosing. The overall treatment difference was highly significant (P less than 0.001), and the difference between each pair of treatments was also statistically significant. Whole bowel transit time studied by means of 3H-PEG 4000 determination in stools, was shorter for the two misoprostol regimens but statistical significance was borderline. The number of stools passed per day was similar in the three groups. During both misoprostol dosing periods, stools were less formed and their content of water, fat and bile acids was higher. There was also more urgency, flatulence, abdominal pain and nausea. It is concluded that the gastrointestinal side effects caused by misoprostol are mainly based on an increased orocaecal transit time. The effects are more important when the drug is administered before meals than after meals.
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PMID:Effects on bowel motility of misoprostol administered before and after meals. 179 84

Forty consecutive African patients found to have duodenogastric bile reflux at endoscopy were studied. Bile reflux was found more commonly among males than females, giving a male/female ratio of 2.3:1, with a peak age at 41-60 years. ABO blood groups had no significant influence on duodenogastric bile reflux. Flatulence and borborygmi were the most consistent symptoms other than the classical dyspeptic pain pattern. Bilious vomiting was a rare finding. Duodenogastric bile reflux was more commonly associated with endoscopic gastritis (67.5%), gastric ulcer (35%) and oesophagitis (30%) than with duodenal ulcer (22.5%), deformed pyloric ring (5%) or distorted duodenal bulb (2.5%). The dysfunction in the pyloric sphincter in people with duodenogastric bile reflux appears to be more of a physiological defect than structural.
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PMID:The clinical pattern of duodenogastric bile reflux in the Kenyan Africans. 291 97

The aim of this survey was to examine the incidence of duodenogastric reflux in patients with abdominal complaints and the relations between the nature and extent of reflux abdominal complaints, the use of drugs, smoking, the drinking of coffee and alcohol and histological changes in the gastric mucosa. A comparison was also made between gastric ulcer patients and patients with upper abdominal complaints with respect to the nature and extent of reflux. The patients examined included 107 with abdominal complaints and 33 with a gastric ulcer. Gastroscopy was performed, followed by determination of intragastric bile acids and lysolecithin and a duodenogastric isotope reflux examination using technetium-99m-diethyliminodiacetic acid (Tc-99m HIDA). Intragastric bile acid concentrations in the patients with upper abdominal complaints were in the range 7-21,458 mumol/l (mean 964 +/- 2342 mumol/l) and lysolecithin concentrations in the range 0-1992 mumol/l (mean 70 +/- 273 mumol/l). Isotope reflux was observed in 48% of the patients, the reflux index varying in the range 0-70% (mean 4 +/- 9%). The patients suffered more frequently from nausea, epigastric fullness and flatulence with increasing reflux, as assessed by the various methods used here, but only the increase in epigastric fullness symptoms with rising intragastric bile acid concentrations was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Similarly the various measures of reflux were higher in those patients taking anticholinergic, psychotherapeutic or cardiovascular drugs, antacids or metoclopramide than in the patients not taking the respective drugs, although the only statistically significant increases were in intragastric bile acids among the users of antacids and metoclopramide (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively) and the increase in lysolecithin concentrations among those taking metoclopramide (p less than 0.05). Those abstaining from alcohol had an intragastric bile acid concentration over 1000 mumol/l significantly more often than those who drank alcohol (p less than 0.05), but smoking and the drinking of coffee showed no significant correlation with duodenogastric reflux. The body gastritis score increased significantly with the extent of isotope reflux and the concentrations of intragastric bile acids (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively), and the latter also showed a significant correlation with serum gastrin (p less than 0.05). No significant relationship could be detected between intragastric lysolecithin concentrations and the gastritis score.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Duodenogastric reflux in patients with upper abdominal complaints or gastric ulcer with particular reference to reflux-associated gastritis. 386 29

Teprenone (Selbex), a gastric mucosal protective drug for treatment of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer, has recently been used in the People's Republic of China. Teprenone in the treatment of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG): a surveillance study was recently conducted in 4 major hospitals in Beijing. The study included 98 patients (teprenone group 53 patients, Merzulene-S group 45 patients) with endoscopically proven gastritis. The study showed that teprenone may relieve symptoms of CSG in 8 weeks. The effectiveness rate for flatulence was 90.9% and for epigastralgia 87.2%. The improvement rate for the chronic inflammation in histopathology was 39.6% and disappearance rate for the activity of inflammation was 13.9%. It raised significantly the aminohexose level in gastric mucosa (P < 0.05) and increased gastric mucosal blood flow in gastric antrum (P < 0.05). These data suggest that teprenone is a safe and effective gastric mucosal protective drug.
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PMID:[Teprenone in the treatment of chronic superficial gastritis, a multicentre study]. 927 38

Prostaglandins play important roles in the gastric mucosal protection and gastric ulcer healing. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin are widely used for the aged patients. Administration of the prostaglandin derivatives has been proven to be effective for both prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers associated with NSAIDs, and prostaglandin derivatives are recommended for NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcers by the Japanese guidelines. The important side effects include abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea. Recent advances in diagnostic methods including video capsule endoscopy and balloon endoscopy have enabled us to examine the entire small intestine, and we recognize that prevalence of small intestinal damage in patients taking NSAIDs is high. Prostaglandin derivatives are also useful for these small intestinal damages.
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PMID:[The role of prostaglandin derivatives in a treatment and prevention for gastric ulcers in the aged patients]. 2106 35