Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sucralfate, an aluminum hydroxide complex of sulfated sucrose used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, was shown to prevent irradiation-induced diarrhea and bowel discomfort significantly in patients treated for pelvic cancer with external radiotherapy with intent to cure. The double-blind placebo-controlled study included 70 patients with carcinoma of the prostate and urinary bladder without distant metastasis (T1-4NO1xMO) and performance status of greater than or equal to 90% Karnofsky scale. Radiotherapy was administered in a conventional manner with MeV photons and a four-field technique. The total dose was 62-66 Gy and total treatment time of 6.5 weeks. Dose granules of sucralfate or placebo were dispensed to each patient 2 weeks after radiation started and continued for 6 weeks. All analyses were performed blindly. Seven of 34 evaluable patients in the placebo group and 18 of 32 evaluable patients in the sucralfate group did not present with diarrhea during the observation period. The frequency of defecation and stool consistency were significantly improved by sucralfate. Fourteen patients in the placebo group and only three in the sucralfate group required symptomatic therapy with loperamide. There was no evidence of adverse effects associated with the use of sucralfate. Sucralfate can be of beneficial value in diminishing the bowel discomfort during radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies, and the earlier proposed mechanisms of action (e.g., protection of denuded mucosa, cytoprotective properties, binding bile acids) can also be valid for the current effects of sucralfate.
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PMID:Prevention of irradiation-induced bowel discomfort by sucralfate: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study when treating localized pelvic cancer. 188 3

The effects of water extract and ether extract of Flos Caryophylli have been investigated by four experimental gastric ulcer models, choleresis in rats, two diarrhea models in mice, two pain stimulations in mice, and acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in rats. The results suggest that the action of Flos Caryophylli on dispelling the cold by warming the middle-jiao and curing abdominalgia is related to its anti-ulcer, choleresis increasing, anti-diarrhea and analgesic functions.
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PMID:[Studies on warming the middle-jiao and analgesic effect of flos Caryophylli]. 191 May 10

A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol in preventing and healing gastric ulcer induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) in patients receiving chronic NSAID therapy for osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 420 patients with OA and NSAID-associated abdominal pain who were receiving ibuprofen, piroxicam or naproxen were enrolled in the study. Endoscopy was performed at study entry and after 1, 2 and 3 months of continuous therapy with misoprostol 100 micrograms, misoprostol 200 micrograms or placebo given q.i.d. while NSAID therapy was continued. Treatment failure was defined as development of gastric ulcer (greater than 0.3 cm in diameter). The occurrence of ulcer in each misoprostol group (5.6% and 1.4% for 100 micrograms and 200 micrograms, respectively) was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that in the placebo group (21.7%). The statistically significant difference persisted when comparisons were restricted to development of ulcer greater than 0.5 cm in diameter (12.3, 4.2 and 0.7% for placebo, misoprostol 100 micrograms q.i.d. and misoprostol 200 micrograms q.i.d., respectively). Mild-to-moderate, self-limiting diarrhea was the most frequently reported adverse event attributed to misoprostol use.
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PMID:Misoprostol in the prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcer: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 210 73

In an open randomized study including 51 consecutive patients with gynaecological malignancies sucralphate was daily administered to patients receiving pelvic irradiation. Sucralphate, an aluminium hydroxide complex of sulphated sucrose used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, seems to be of value in preventing radiation-induced bowel discomfort. The most objective parameter, frequency of diarrhoea was almost 50% less in the sucralphate groups as compared to the controls. The patients receiving sucralphate in general displayed only minor alterations in bowel habits even at the end of the radiation treatment. The number of patients requiring symptomatic therapy with loperamide were markedly lower in the sucralphate group. Subjective discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite were also less common. A reduction in acute reactions to irradiation increases the possibility of carrying through planned treatment and avoids unfavourable intermissions, and thus curing the patient with cancer in the pelvis by means of radiotherapy.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of sucralphate in radiation induced diarrhea. An open randomized study in gynecological cancer patients. 224 14

This study is a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, two-way, parallel group comparison of the efficacy and safety of rioprostil and ranitidine in the treatment of active gastric ulcer. Ninety-one patients with gastric ulcer are randomly allocated to treatment with either rioprostil 300 micrograms b.d., or ranitidine, 150 mg b.d. The duration of treatment is 4 weeks, or 8 weeks for the patients who are improved but not healed at 4 weeks. Clinical, endoscopic and laboratory assessments are made before treatment, and after each treatment period. Therapeutic success is defined as complete endoscopic healing of the ulcer. At the end of the treatment period, either 4 or 8 weeks, healing rates are 69% in the rioprostil group, and 66% in the ranitidine group; this difference is not significant (p = 0.86). After the first 4 weeks of treatment the healing rates are 44% and 55% in the rioprostil and ranitidine groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse effects is 22% in the rioprostil group, and 7% in the ranitidine group (p = 0.036). Diarrhoea is the most common side effect (12%), but is usually intermittent and mild. We conclude that rioprostil, 300 micrograms b.d., for up to 8 weeks is as effective as ranitidine, 150 mg b.d., in the treatment of benign gastric ulcer.
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PMID:Treatment of benign gastric ulcer: a comparative clinical trial of rioprostil and ranitidine. 251 Feb 64

The aim of this study is a double-blind evaluation of the efficacy and safety of rioprostil, 300 micrograms, compared with ranitidine, 150 mg, when given twice a day for 4 or 8 weeks in patients with active, uncomplicated gastric ulcer disease. A total of 194 patients are entered into the study, of which 182 are statistically evaluated for efficacy. Eighty-seven receive rioprostil and 95 receive ranitidine. All patients receive two oral doses of study medication daily. After 4 weeks' treatment, 47.1% of the patients receiving rioprostil are endoscopically healed compared with 53.7% of those receiving ranitidine. After 8 weeks' treatment, the cumulative cure rates are 76.2% and 80.9% respectively. Side effects occur in 26% of the patients receiving rioprostil and in 15% of the patients receiving ranitidine. Gastrointestinal side effects are most common. Changes in stool consistency (i.e. soft stools or mild diarrhoea) are the most reported symptoms in patients receiving rioprostil. These effects are generally self-limiting. Three patients on rioprostil and one patient on ranitidine discontinue treatment due to side effects. No clinically significant changes in biochemical variables occur in either group throughout the treatment period. Rioprostil, 300 micrograms b.d., is a safe and effective treatment for gastric ulcer disease. Healing rates and alleviation of pain are comparable for both treatment groups. The change in stool consistency with rioprostil is of only minor clinical importance, that is, it occurs on about 2% of treatment days.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of rioprostil, 300 micrograms b.d., in the treatment of gastric ulcer: a comparison vs. ranitidine, 150 mg b.d., in a randomized multicentre study. 251 Feb 65

The new prostaglandin E1 analogue, rioprostil, significantly accelerates healing and the elimination of pain in cases of peptic ulcer. The anti-ulcerous potency of this prostaglandin is equivalent to that of cimetidine. In comparison with ranitidine, there is a positive trend in favour of the H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine, which has a more pronounced antisecretory effect than rioprostil. The differences in the healing rates during treatment with rioprostil and ranitidine are statistically significant in some cases, whereas those relating to pain alleviation are not. In contrast, the therapeutic efficacy of the two substances is almost identical in cases of Ulcus ventriculi. Rioprostil can be used with much the same success as ranitidine for preventing the recurrence of duodenal ulcers. The frequency of diarrhoea during rioprostil treatment, 300 micrograms b.d. and 600 micrograms nocte, is approximately 10%. In only about 1% of the patients does the rioprostil treatment have to be discontinued because of this adverse reaction.
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PMID:Rioprostil in the acute and long-term treatment of peptic ulcers: a review. 251 Feb 69

Both misoprostol (synthetic PGE1 analog) and De-Nol (factor releasing endogenous prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa) can be useful in the treatment of patients with gastric ulcer resistant to cimetidine according to their gastroprotective properties. 64 patients whose gastric ulcer had not healed after 6 weeks of therapy with cimetidine in daily dose of 1000 mg were treated in a comparative short-term trial to assess the relative efficacy of misoprostol (Cytotec; Searle) in daily dose of 800 micrograms (I group; n = 32) and colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol; Gist-Brocades), four times a day in dose of 5 ml diluted with 15 ml of water (II group; n = 32). Both groups of patients were comparable according to age, sex, duration of ulcer disease, smoking habits, gastric acid secretion, ulcer size and localization in the stomach. The ulcer healing was controlled endoscopically after 2 and 4 weeks of the treatment. Healing rates after 2 weeks of therapy appeared to be 47% for misoprostol and 34% for De-Nol. After 4 weeks of therapy the healing rates were 72% with misoprostol and 63% with De-Nol. No statistically significant differences in the therapeutic efficacy were observed between two groups of the patients. No correlation was found between the ulcer healing rates and size of ulcer, its localization or smoking habits. The moderate side effects (transient diarrhea) were observed in 22% of patients treated with misoprostol. These findings suggest that misoprostol is as effective as De-Nol in the treatment of gastric ulcers resistant to cimetidine.
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PMID:[Misoprostol and de-nol in the treatment of patients with cimetidine-resistant stomach ulcer]. 251 27

Four cases of gastrocolic fistula complicating benign gastric ulcer are described, bringing the total number of individually reviewed cases in the English language literature to 108. A review of 30 cases reported in the past 10 years reveals a surprisingly high percentage of young, female patients. Three-quarters of these patients used steroidal or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The presence of such fistulae is suspected in patients complaining of weight loss, diarrhoea and faecal vomiting. Small fistulae may not be suspected when overshadowed by other complications of ulcer disease such as bleeding or perforated viscus. Medical management of benign gastrocolic fistulae may be indicated in some circumstances. Surgical treatment involves en bloc resection, including the fistula, and surrounding colon and gastric segments.
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PMID:Gastrocolic fistula as a complication of benign gastric ulcer: report of four cases and update of the literature. 269 Oct 14

The long term clinical results after proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) for peptic ulcer were determined among 396 patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Mayo Medical Center between 1973 and 1981. PGV was performed for duodenal ulcer (n = 293), midgastric ulcer (n = 14), prepyloric or pyloric ulcer (n = 46) and combined gastric, pyloric, prepyloric and duodenal ulcers (n = 43). Postoperative follow-up observation ranged from five to 13 years (a mean of eight years) and was complete in 96 per cent of the patients. There was no perioperative mortality. Severe dumping and diarrhea were uncommon (less than 1 per cent), and only eight patients (2 per cent) had reoperations for nonulcerative complications. Documented recurrent ulcer appeared in 55 patients (14 per cent). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probabilities of recurrence at five and ten years after PGV, respectively, were duodenal ulcer, 6 and 12 per cent; gastric ulcer, 16 and 16 per cent; pyloric or prepyloric ulcer, 12 and 39 per cent, and combined ulcers, 26 and 33 per cent. Reoperation for recurrence was required in only 16 of the 55 patients (29 per cent). We conclude that PGV for peptic ulcer is a safe operation with few serious side effects. When used to treat duodenal and perhaps midgastric ulcers, PGV has an acceptable long term recurrence rate. The high incidence of recurrent ulcer after PGV for pyloric or prepyloric or combined ulcers suggests that alternative operations should be performed for ulcers in these locations.
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PMID:Long term clinical results after proximal gastric vagotomy. 281 64


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