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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric electrical activity was recorded from twenty-six patients at celiotomy. The human gastric pacemaker was localized to an area in the midcorpus along the greater curve. Pacesetter potentials were generated regularly by the pacemaker at a mean frequency of 3.2 cycles/min and were propagated circumferentially and aborally from the pacemaker, increasing in amplitude and velocity as they approach the pylorus. The pattern of pacesetter potenitals in patients with gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, and duodenal ulcer was similar to that of patients without such diseases. Complete transection of the gastric corpus isolated the distal stomach from the natural pacemaker and resulted in the appearance of a new pacemaker in the distal stomach with a slower frequency. The fact that proximal gastric vagotomy did not greatly alter the frequency of generation or the pattern of propagation of the pacesetter potential provided further evidence that both are myogenic phenomena.
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PMID:Human gastric pacesetter potential. Site of origin, spread, and response to gastric transection and proximal gastric vagotomy. 83 75

Although many facts on epidemiology of gastric cancer and on the preceding atrophic gastritis are known, sufficient scientific foundations for planning primary prevention are lacking. It is suggested that with rising standards of living and hygiene and with dissemination of optimal nutrition according to physiologic aspects, incidence of gastric cancer will further decrease. 2. It is possible to identify some high risk groups: elderly persons with familial aggregation of stomach cancer, blood group A, pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, anacidity, and patients operated upon for benign epithelial neoplasms or gastric ulcer. Prophylactic supervision of this segment of the population seems mandatory but by this means, only a small percentage of all gastric cancer can be detected early. 3. Our knowledge is sufficient for the planning of intervention studies, e.g. long tome prophylactic application of ascorbic acid or vitamin A or intensive drug treatment of atrophic gastritis. Therefore we have started such a trial using carbenoxolon. 4. Screening methods for detection of early gastric cancer in asymptomatic persons have been evaluated in Japan. Their application in Europe cannot be generally recommended. The cost-benefit ratio is prohibiting. 5. Today, the main route to detect stomach cancer when curable is the thorough examination of persons with dyspeptic complaints. Radiological examination holds the first place and is supplemented by fibergastroscopy which enables aimed biopsy and cytologic examination of gastric juice. All other methods have only limited value in selected situations. 6. Without resignation we must realize that a solution of the problem cannot be expected in the near future. Further efforts are necessary in order to gain solid scientific foundations and to introduce research results into medical practice.
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PMID:[Scientific foundation of gastric cancer control (author's transl)]. 86 74

Uninvolved gastric mucosa from duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer patients was incubated with [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose in order to assess the relative contributions of the pentose phosphate pathway and Krebs cycle to glucose metabolism. [14C]Glucose counts retained by the tissue, glycolysis, and pyruvate formation were also measured. Tumor tissue from the cancer patients was included in the study. Less than 1.2% of the glucose entering the tissues was metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway; suggesting that this pathway plays a minor role in energy production from glucose. The major determinant of energy production was the Krebs cycle. Its contribution to glucose metabolism was greatest in the body mucosa of duodenal ulcer patients, less in the uninvolved body mucosa of gastric ulcer patients, and lower still in the corresponding body mucosa of gastric cancer patients. The low levels of Krebs cycle activity seen in the latter tissue resembled those of uninvolved antral mucosa. The smallest Krebs cycle contribution was seen in tumor tissue. [14C]Glucose counts retained by the tissue and glycolysis both tended to vary inversely with Krebs cycle activity among the tissues studied. Thus, both were small in the body mucosa of noncancer patients and somewhat larger in the body mucosa of cancer patients, in uninvolved antral mucosa and in tumor tissue.
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PMID:Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycolysis in the uninvolved gastric mucosa of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer patients. 91 74

Dyspepsia may result from over-indulgence in alcohol and food, or from anxiety and emotional problems. It may also indicate a peptic ulcer, oesophagitis or less commonly, gallstones or gastric cancer. Investigation by endoscopy or barium studies is always indicated when an organic lesion is suspected. Reassurance, tranquillizers and antispasmodics help patients with functional dyspepsia. Antacids given hourly between meals are important in the treatment of all symptomatic peptic ulcers. Cimetidine causes rapid symptomatic relief of duodenal ulcer symptoms, and most ulcers will heal with six weeks' therapy. Gastric ulcer can be treated with carbenoxolone, but this drug is avoided in the elderly and in patients with cardiac failure or hypertension. Anticholinergic drugs are of value in duodenal ulcer, especially for night pain, but they should not be used in patients over the age of 50. Special diets are of no value. For the heartburn of oesophagitis, weight reduction and a regime of regular antacid therapy remain the important measures.
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PMID:The treatment of dyspepsia. 92 13

Iceland (IS) and Denmark (DK) are ethnically, culturally, and economically closely related Nordic countries, but gastric cancer is much more frequent in Iceland, and other differences in the occurrence rates of gastric diseases are also suspected. Therefore a cooperative study was initiated comparing Icelandic and Danish patients with gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU), and X-ray negative dyspepsia (XND) as regards clinical features, external factors of possible importance for gastritis and cancer, gastroscopic appearance, and histological gastric mucosal changes. The project lasted one year and comprised 93 Icelandic and 88 Danish patients. A large number of comparisons showed a high degree of similarity between Icelandic and Danish patients. Significant differences were found in tobacco consumption (DK greater than IS), duration of symptoms in XND (IS greater than DK), whereas the positon ratio of GU (IS less than DK) and acetylsalicylic acid consumption (DK greater than IS) showed non-significant trends. Significant difference was found between the occurrence of diffuse macroscopic changes of the gastric mucosa (IS greater than DK), which corresponds to the histological differences to be described in a subsequent article.
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PMID:A prospective comparative study of clinical and histological characteristics in Icelandic and Danish patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and X-ray negative dyspepsia. I. Design and clinical features. 92 8

To compare the results of fibrogastroscopic study and to determine the activity of hexokinase (HK) in gastric juice 113 persons were examined 89 of them having ulcerous disease. The control group comprised 24 healthy individuals. The data obtained indicated that in the control group the activity of HK was not found in any portion of the gastric juice. In patients with ulcerous disease the presence of the enzyme was noted in 36 of 89 subjects. In two of them malignant transformation of the ulcer was observed. Patients with gastric ulcer, who show HK activity in any gastric juice portion, seem to be assessed as gastric cancer high-risk group.
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PMID:[Assessment of the findings of fibrogastroscopy with gastrobiopsy and determination of hexokinase activity in the serum and gastric juice of stomach ulcer patients]. 93 36

Four hundred twenty-two patients with gastric ulcer treated during 1950-1960 were followed up to 25 years with a mean followup of 9 years. Nonoperative treatment was used in 59% with a hospital mortality of 35%, one-third of these deaths being directly due to gastric ulcer perforation or hemorrhage. Operative treatment was used in 41% of patients. The most common operation (86%) was gastric resection without vagotomy. Overall operative mortality was 16%; 34% for emergency procedures and 6% for elective procedures. Cachexia seemed to be the most important factor related to operative mortality. Nonoperative treatment resulted in more than twice the hospital mortality compared to operative treatment. Approximately one-half of all patients treated non-operatively had a recurrent gastric ulcer at some time during this study. The recurrence rate following definitive gastric resection was 1.3% compared with 16% during nonoperative therapy. Three-fourths of recurrences occurred later than two years and nearly half of recurrences after more than 5 years of followup. Patients with a prior history of overt bleeding from gastric ulcer disease particularly were at risk for further bleeding. There were coincidental duodenal ulcers in 10% of our patients and a 0.8% incidence of gastric cancer during followup. Long term followup demonstrates the superiority of operative treatment of gastric ulcer and also reveals the continuous propensity of such ulcers to recurrence following nonoperative treatment. Earlier elective operation in patients with overt bleeding, recurrence or persisting symptoms should decrease overall mortality and result in a lower overall long-term risk of ulcer complications.
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PMID:Prognosis of gastric ulcer: twenty-five year followup. 101 91

Sixty patients with advanced gastric cancer were subjected to the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test and delayed hypersensitivity skin test to tumor and normal tissue (gastric mucosa) extracts. Tumor extract induced significant inhibition of macrophage mobility in 51% and positive skin reaction in 32% of examined cases. Close correlation was observed between macrophage inhibition and diameter of skin reaction to tumor extract. Incidence of positive reaction in both tests to normal tissue extract was 55% and 12%, respectively. Significant inhibition of macrophage to tumor extract was also observed in breast cancer, but not in superficial gastric cancer and healthy persons. Normal tissue extract did not induce significant inhibition of macrophage in gastric ulcer. These results suggest that macrophage electrophoretic mobility test indicates a certain aspect of tumor-associated (but not tumor-specific) immunity in cancer patients. Macrophage inhibition appeared to be related with macroscopic tumor types rather than to clinical stages. Positive skin reaction to tumor extract was observed in Stages II, III, and IV of gastric cancer.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immune reactions to auto-chthonous tumor extracts in patients with gastric cancer. 102 51

Our main purpose in this review article is to present some of the vast amount of information on the subject of atrophic gastritis available at the present time. Various areas of research pertaining to this entity, including that from the author's laboratory, are reviewed in this article, encompassing histological and ultrastructural abnormalities, enzyme histochemistry, and exfoliative cytology and cytochemistry of chronic gastritis, with emphasis on the diagnostic significance of these laboratory methods. The altered cell proliferation kinetics in atrophic gastric lesions is also discussed, as well as its significance in the proliferation and reduction of glandular cells of the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, some of the more recent evidence of immunological mechanisms and other causes of chronic gastritis, such as chronic alcoholism and bile reflux, is reviewed, as well as the effects of partial gastrectomy on the gastric mucosa. The important associations and sequellae of atrophic gastritis, such as gastric ulcer, gastric polyps, and gastric cancer, are discussed in detail.
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PMID:Structural and ultrastructural alterations, exfoliative cytology and enzyme cytochemistry and histochemistry, proliferation kinetics, immunological derangements and other causes, and clinical associations and sequallae. 109 21

Studies of water soluble proteins of mucous and cancer tissue of the stomach were conducted by a method of electrophoresis in a polyacrylamid block. Under study were 18 postresection specimens (12--gastric cancer, 5--gastric ulcer, 1--duodenal ulcer). 5--7 prealbumin fractions were found in normal mucosa and that with histological changes typical for superficial and, sometimes, moderately pronounced atrophic gastritis. Gastric mucous membrane in marked atrophic, gastritis and of cancerous tissue were characterized by disappearance of the first 2,3, 4 prealbumin fractions or reduction of their peaks.
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PMID:[Pre-albumins of cancerous tissue of the stomach]. 113 8


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