Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In two prospective studies, including a total of 1,353 and 1,914 male and female participants, a variety of medical and psychosocial risk factors were assessed by means of personal interviews and observational categories. The incidence of gastric cancer was determined for the following study groups: 1) all persons with chronic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia who had one to three relatives with a history of gastric cancer, 2) persons with a previous operation for gastric ulcer (partial resection) and one to three relatives with gastric cancer, and 3) a comparable group without any of these characteristics, serving as a reference. The hypothesis was that significantly more gastric cancer was to be expected in groups 1 and 2. A second hypothesis was that interaction between the specific precursors and psychosocial risk factors (chronic hopelessness due to withdrawing objects) was useful for the prediction of gastric cancer. The results may open new avenues for the prevention of gastric cancer via preventive psychotherapy in identified risk groups.
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PMID:Precursor lesions of the GI tract and psychosocial risk factors for prediction and prevention of gastric cancer. 322 43

Mucosal atrophy of the gastric antrum (type B atrophic gastritis) is generally accepted as predisposing to the development of the intestinal type of gastric cancer. Since bombesin stimulates gastrin release selectively from the antral mucosa, the response can be used as a marker for antral mucosal atrophy. In this study we have investigated bombesin-stimulated plasma gastrin responses in 21 patients with the intestinal type of gastric cancer and we have compared the results with 12 patients with the diffuse type of gastric cancer, 17 patients with benign gastric ulcer, and 30 dyspeptic patients without endoscopical or histological abnormalities. Gastrin concentrations were also measured in extracts of antral biopsies. Basal plasma gastrin concentrations were not significantly different. In contrast, patients with the intestinal type of gastric cancer had a significantly lower plasma gastrin response to bombesin than did the normal subjects (P less than 0.01) and patients with the diffuse type of gastric cancer (P less than 0.05), but the result was not significantly different from that of the gastric ulcer patients. The antral gastrin content of the patients with the intestinal type of gastric cancer was significantly lower than in controls (P less than 0.005), the patients with the diffuse type of gastric cancer (P less than 0.05), and those with gastric ulcer (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that patients with the intestinal type of gastric cancer have, in contrast to those with the diffuse type of gastric cancer, an abnormally low plasma gastrin response to bombesin. This low response is due to a reduced gastrin content of the antral mucosa.
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PMID:Plasma gastrin responses to bombesin and antral gastrin concentrations in patients with the intestinal type of gastric cancer. 334 93

Adenylate cyclase (AC) in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and histamine was studied in morphologically different biopsy specimens from human gastric mucosa. The activities of the enzyme were log-normally distributed and did not differ between males and females. PGE2 activated AC in a concentration-dependent manner in normal gastric mucosa (n = 57), chronic superficial gastritis (GI, 18), chronic gastritis with beginning atrophy (GII, 10), chronic atrophic gastritis (GIII, 24), gastric ulcer (GU, 39), duodenal ulcer (DU, 32), and biopsies of patients operated according to Billroth II (BII, 20) and was most efficacious in GIII and BII. Histamine, which was studied in normal gastric mucosa (n = 27), DU (n = 20), GU (n = 13), and BII (n = 18), stimulated AC most efficaciously and potently in DU, was less effective in normal gastric mucosa and GU, and had no effect at all in BII. Cimetidine treatment of DU patients did not change the PGE2 action, while the degree of stimulation by histamine was reduced. The data indicate characteristic differences of the PGE2- and histamine-sensitive AC in the mucosal samples of these patients.
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PMID:Morphologically different biopsy specimens of the human gastric mucosa. II. Adenylate cyclase activity in response to prostaglandin E2 and histamine. 346 52

The activity levels of sulfotransferase enzymes involved in the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to mucosal membrane and mucus gel glycolipids were studied in fundic and antral mucosal biopsies of patients with severe and chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. With sulfotransferase which catalyzes the sulfation of mucus triglucosyl glyceroglucolipid increase in enzyme activity over the control was observed in patients with chronic and severe gastritis, and gastric atrophy, while a decrease in activity was noted in patients with gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. The differences were significant at p less than 0.001 for severe gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. The increase in activity of sulfotransferase enzyme involved in the sulfation of membrane galactosylceramide over the control was observed in antral and fundic mucosa of all patients. Significant (p less than 0.001) differences were found in patients with severe gastritis, gastric atrophy and gastric ulcer. The results indicate that considerable changes in the activities of the mucosal sulfotransferase enzymes involved in the synthesis of membrane and secretory sulfolipids occur in gastric disease.
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PMID:Sulfation of glycolipids by human gastric mucosa in disease. 347 28

Campylobacter pyloridis infection of the stomach has been associated with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, nonulcer dyspepsia, and gastritis. The etiological role of C. pyloridis in most of those conditions remains unclear. We reviewed what is known about C. pyloridis infections in man. Considerable clinical data on C. pyloridis infections was available in older literature concerning gastritis and gastric urease. C. pyloridis causes a form of type B gastritis. In some individuals the acute infection is associated with abdominal pain and transient hypochlorhydria. C. pyloridis infection is difficult to eradicate with current therapies. The mechanisms by which C. pyloridis infection may lead to development of peptic ulcers, nonulcer dyspepsia, or atrophic gastritis are discussed. Recent technological advances, such as the 13C-urea breath test, provide rapid noninvasive methods of identifying active C. pyloridis infection. These methods will permit the rapid execution of definitive investigations of the epidemiology, transmission patterns, and possible reservoirs of C. pyloridis infection and will delineate the spectrum of C. pyloridis-associated disorders.
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PMID:Campylobacter pyloridis gastritis: the past, the present, and speculations about the future. 355 84

Investigations were carried out on duodeno- and jejunogastric reflux, gastric juice acidity, microbial population and the concentration of nitrites in 199 subjects. In gastric cancer patients or those with gastric ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, stomach resection or more seldom with removal of the gallbladder, a significant increase over normal values of the pH, duodenogastric reflux, microbial flora contamination (especially intestinal) and nitrite concentration was found. In smokers the salivary nitrite concentration was greater than in non-smokers and in direct relationship to gastric concentrations. The parallelism of these alterations suggests a causative relation between them and their presence in diseases or conditions of notorious increased incidence in gastric cancer highlights the direction to be followed in the primary prophylaxis of this disease.
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PMID:Contributions to the study of gastric carcinogenesis. 358 44

We studied a prospective series of 107 randomly chosen dyspepsia patients without gastric ulcer for the association of spiral Campylobacter-like organisms (CLO) with features of antral and fundal gastritis and duodenogastric reflux. CLO were observed in 38% of the patients. The scores for all classes of inflammatory cells in both antral and body mucosa were significantly higher in the CLO-positive patients than in the CLO-negative ones (p less than 0.001), and foveolar hyperplasia was also associated with CLO (p less than 0.05). Metaplasia and glandular atrophy in the antral mucosa were significantly commoner in the CLO-positive group (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The body gastritis score correlated significantly with age in the CLO-negative patients (R = 0.33, p less than 0.01) but not in the CLO-positive ones. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to duodenogastric reflux or intragastric pH. The results confirm that CLO are associated with gastritis, most notably superficial gastritis in the body and atrophic gastritis in the antrum, but their aetiological significance remains to be proved.
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PMID:Campylobacter-like organisms and gastritis: histopathology, bile reflux, and gastric fluid composition. 360 28

The occurrence of Campylobacter-like organisms (CLO) was studied in the gastric mucosa of 33 patients with gastric ulcer and 33 age- and sex-matched controls with non-ulcer dyspepsia, and the relation of CLO to the severity of gastritis was determined in both groups. CLO was significantly commoner in the ulcer patients (57.5%) than in the non-ulcer cases (33.3%) (p less than 0.05); this was related to a higher frequency of antral atrophic gastritis in the former. It is suggested that CLO may be associated with chronic antral gastritis and hence with gastric ulcer, but the causal relationship remains unclear.
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PMID:Campylobacter-like organisms in patients with gastric ulcer. 360 29

Atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia is generally considered a precancerous lesion. We followed 261 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, with and without gastric ulcer, every 12 months for 9 +/- 2 years by means of endoscopic and histological examination. In the presence of dysplasia, however, studies were carried out every 6 months in moderate cases, or every 3 months in severe cases. Patients with gastric ulcer received medical therapy for 8 weeks; if healing did not occur, treatment was continued. Only subjects with healed ulcers were admitted to the follow-up. To date, 205 subjects have been included in the study. Over a 10-year period, 16 patients with recurrent gastric ulcer and 12 patients with cancer in situ or in an early stage, were subjected to surgery. One case of advanced cancer was observed. Cancer has been found in five of 95 cases of atrophic gastritis with gastric ulcer (5.2%), and in 7 of 166 cases of atrophic gastritis without gastric ulcer (4.2%). The difference was not statistically significant. Our results confirm that gastric ulcer per se is not a high-risk condition, but it must be considered as an epiphenomenon on a background of epithelial atrophy.
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PMID:Gastric cancer in chronic atrophic gastritis. Associated gastric ulcer adds no further risk. 361 83

Diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic studies were carried out, under clinical conditions, on 80 patients with endoscopically confirmed chronic erosive gastritis and gastroduodenitis. The subjects aged between 20 and 59 are most often affected, the males being 2 times more often affected. The histological study on the purposeful biopsy of the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum established, most frequently, the presence of chronic superficial gastritis and duodenitis, followed by initial chronic atrophic gastritis. The clinical symptoms were studied in details--pain (91.20%), dyspeptic syndrome (83.7%), hemorrhagic manifestations (hematemesis or melena)--23.7%. In 40% of the patients with erosive gastritis and gastroduodenitis, the disease was combined with duodenal ulcer and in 7.5%--with gastric ulcer. The etiological factors of importance are: food factors, dietetic errors, alcoholic consumption, drug effects (first of all derivatives of Rauwolfia serpentina, followed by the peroral broad spectrum antibiotics, etc), duodenogastric reflux and toxic effect of the bile acids on the antral mucosa. The endoscopic studies are of decisive importance for the diagnosis and determining the effect of the treatment. The treatment with a dietetic regimen, gastro-protective drugs (almagel, preparations of deglycyrrhized licorice--alcid V, vitamin A, spasmolytics) eliminated the erosive alterations in 75% of the patients after 3-week treatment.
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PMID:[Erosive gastritis and gastroduodenitis--clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic studies]. 361 7


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