Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind study was conducted to compare gastric ulcer healing time in nontreated dogs with that in dogs treated with either cimetidine or omeprazole. Single ulcers were created in the gastric antrum by use of a suction biopsy capsule. Each dog was given 25 mg of aspirin/kg of body weight orally for 20 days after ulcer induction. Five control dogs were given aspirin only (no anti-ulcer medication) during the 20-day study. Six dogs were given cimetidine at dosage of 10 mg/kg orally every 8 hours, and 6 dogs were given omeprazole orally at dosage of 2 mumol/kg (0.7 mg/kg) once daily. All dogs were examined endoscopically on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 and were given a score for the size of the mechanically created ulcer and a score for the degree of aspirin-induced gastritis. All dogs were euthanatized on day 21, and gastric lesions were examined histologically. Significant differences were not evident in ulcer healing scores or degree of aspirin-induced gastritis among treated and nontreated dogs on days 5, 10, 15, and 20. However, aspirin-induced gastritis was less severe in dogs of the omeprazole group than in dogs of the cimetidine or control group on each day observations were made. The effect of omeprazole given once daily was comparable with that of cimetidine given every 8 hours in lessening aspirin-induced gastritis.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of effects of cimetidine and omeprazole on mechanically created gastric ulceration and on aspirin-induced gastritis in dogs. 185 88

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, Gram-negative, spiral rod, the role of which in different gastric diseases has been investigated worldwide since the beginning of the 1980s. H. pylori has been shown to be the causative agent in active chronic gastritis, and it is regularly found in patients endoscopied for duodenal ulcer. The bacterium is also frequently isolated from persons with gastric ulcer, gastric carcinoma and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Apart from cultivation of the bacterium, other diagnostic procedures include various staining methods and urease tests of gastric biopsy samples. The application of non-invasive diagnostic methods, serology and urea breath tests, is rapidly increasing. H. pylori is susceptible to several antimicrobials in vitro, but eradication of the bacterium from the gastric mucosa is not always achieved. The best results until now have been obtained with the combined use of bismuth salts and two antibiotics. In active chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer patients, eradication of the bacteria has resulted in healing of the disease with permanent decrease of circulating antibodies and negative urease tests. H. pylori has been found worldwide and the infection shows an age-dependent increase. Man, apparently, is the reservoir of the bacterium, but the exact mechanisms of interhuman transmission are still not defined.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori and associated gastroduodenal diseases. Review article. 185 43

Contact angle measurements in animal studies have demonstrated that gastric mucosa has a relatively hydrophobic surface. We have developed and validated a technique for the measurement of this property on human endoscopic biopsy specimens. Mean contact angle of the gastric body (70 degrees) and antrum (70 degrees) was higher than the duodenal bulb (62 degrees; p less than 0.01) and distal duodenum (50 degrees; p less than 0.001). Subjects with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer had a lower contact angle than controls without ulcer (57 degrees, n = 49, and 59 degrees, n = 17 versus 66 degrees, n = 124, respectively). Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with reduced contact angle in subjects with gastritis (59 degrees versus 68 degrees). The contact angle was unchanged after treatment with ranitidine but increased to control values after clearance and eradication of H. pylori with bismuth and antibiotics. In postgastrectomy patients, the contact angle was reduced and correlated negatively with the bile acid content of gastric juice (r = 0.51, p less than 0.0001). We conclude that in man gastric mucosal hydrophobicity can be validly measured on endoscopic biopsy specimens and that it is high in health and reduced in bile reflux and in peptic ulcer disease, largely as a result of H. pylori infection.
 ...
PMID:Factors affecting gastric mucosal hydrophobicity in man. 186 97

Helicobacter pylori attracted widespread interest from gastroenterologists because of its potential aetiologic role in disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Based on extensive microbiological studies, Campylobacter pylori was renamed Helicobacter pylori, and the organism represents a new genus of bacteria. It is generally accepted that H. pylori causes chronic, non-specific gastritis (type B gastritis). The inflammatory response occurs even though the bacterium does not penetrate the gastric epithelium; it is found on the surface of and adjacent to the epithelium. The clinical significance of histological gastritis is unknown. The bacterium is often found in asymptomatic subjects. In Caucasian adults, the prevalence of infection increases with increasing age. Higher rates of infection are found in blacks and Hispanics than would be expected for their age. Whether these different rates are the result of racial or socioeconomic factors is not known. It is theorized, but not proven, that high rates of infection with H. pylori at an early age may explain the high incidence of gastric carcinoma found in Hispanic populations. H. pylori is found in almost every patient with duodenal ulcer disease, although no direct evidence for a causal relationship exists. Indirect evidence is based on the findings that if H. pylori infection is eradicated, ulcer recurrence is less likely (up to one year of follow-up). A small percentage of patients have a relapse despite eradication of the organism, suggesting a role for other factors in duodenal ulcer disease. The role of H. pylori in gastric ulcer disease is unknown. Seventy to eighty per cent of patients with gastric ulcer have evidence of H. pylori infection, and preliminary data seem to support the existence of two distinct aetiologic groups: those with gastric ulcers related to H. pylori infection and those with gastric ulcers related to use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The role of H. pylori in non-ulcer dyspepsia is unknown. Some clinicians believe that H. pylori causes non-ulcer dyspepsia and treat these patients for H. pylori infection. However, the data supporting this practice are poor. Treatment is only recommended for patients with resistant duodenal ulcers and patients who have frequent relapses of duodenal ulcers and who are willing to take triple-drug therapy (bismuth compounds, metronidazole, tetracycline) for the infection. As 95% of patients with duodenal ulcer have evidence of H. pylori infection, there is probably little need to confirm the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori: review of research findings. 188 32

Surface electrogastrograms were recorded in 95 patients. There were 6 groups of patients: chronic superficial gastritis (20), chronic atrophic gastritis (20), duodenal ulcer (20), gastric ulcer (17), gastric cancer (8), and diabetes mellitus (10). Electrogastrographic examination was continuously carried out for 60 minutes both in fasting and postprandial state. (1) During the fasting state, in 72% of the cases, there was a 50% to 100% change in the mean of the amplitude among six 10-minute periods of recording. (2) In 23 cases (25%), there was no amplitude increase in the postprandial electrogastrogram. Feeding caused an increase in amplitude by 30-240 microV over the prefeeding state in 70 cases (75%). (3) The distribution of amplitude in various groups of disease overlapped each other. The difference in amplitude or frequency would not be used as a diagnostic parameter of gastric diseases. (4) Tachygastria of 5-7.3 cycles per minute was observed in 15 of the 95 patients. The longest episode was a wave with 7.3 cycles per minute lasting for 20 minutes. It is difficult to evaluate the clinical significance of the observed tachygastria.
 ...
PMID:[Electrogastrography: the clinical significance of changes during fasting and postprandial state]. 191 65

Within the past decade, there has been an explosion of investigative activity and publications about Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Its role in gastroduodenal disease is becoming greater with definite etiologic association in chronic type B gastritis and a probable role in duodenal ulcer, a probable role in gastric ulcer, and possibly a factor in the development of interstitial type gastric carcinoma. Epidemiologic studies have shown H. pylori to be worldwide in distribution with higher prevalence rates and earlier initial infection rates in developing countries compared with industrialized nations. Person-to-person transmission appears to occur via the fecal-oral route. Pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated diseases remains unclear. We are, however, gaining insights into the role that H. pylori extracellular products play in damage to mucin and gastric epithelial cells as well as other gastroduodenal physiologic processes. Antimicrobial treatment, when effective, produces remission of mucosal pathologic changes and reduces duodenal recurrence rates. A major as yet unsolved problem is that there is no completely effective treatment regimen that consistently eradicates H. pylori in infected patients. Concepts of pathogenesis and future directions of research are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori: current perspectives. 194 Jan 86

The occurrence of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) and its relationship with gastric mucosa were studied by light and electron microscopy and culture of biopsy specimens from gastric mucosa of 160 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. H. pylori were present in 96.6% of patients with active chronic gastritis, 100% of patients with duodenal ulcer and 76.9% of patients with gastric ulcer, while present in only 6.3% of individuals with histologically normal gastric mucosa. The bacteria colonized the antral mucosa more frequently than the body or than the duodenal cap mucosa. The bacteria were rarely seen in the intestinalized epithelium per se, but there was no significant difference in prevalence of H. pylori between gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and gastritis without intestinal metaplasia. H. pylori could be seen in close association with the surface of gastric epithelial cells below the mucus layer without evidence of intracellular parasitism, All of the strains tested were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, and most of them susceptible to tinidazole and bismuth salts. It is concluded that H. pylori are highly associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases and its prevalence rates in patients with those diseases is higher than in developed countries. This strong association of H. pylori infection with gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases suggest a possible etiologic role for the bacterium in those diseases.
 ...
PMID:Association of Helicobacter pylori with gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases. 194 18

In order to develop an experimental rodent model, we administered 2 ml (10(8) organisms/ml) broth culture of any of four human isolated strains of Helicobacter pylori by the oral route on a one-time basis to both BALB/c nude and BALB/c euthymic mice. After 20-wk examination, we have successfully demonstrated that the gastric mucosa of nude mice was continuously, and that of euthymic mice, temporarily (for 2 wk), colonized by orally administered, freshly isolated strains obtained from humans with gastritis, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer, but never by the established strain. After colonization, gastritis and duodenitis were produced, and the presence of bacteria in gastric mucus was pathologically proved in all infected animals. We have confirmed that such colonization is always established when a large dose of a freshly isolated strain of H. pylori is administered at one time. We believe that this is the first reported rodent model of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
 ...
PMID:New small animal model for human gastric Helicobacter pylori infection: success in both nude and euthymic mice. 195 Dec 36

Colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS; DeNol) has been studied in clinical trials investigating the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer, non-ulcer dyspepsia, duodenitis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced disease, and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastroduodenitis. Healing rates for duodenal ulcer with CBS are significantly better than with placebo and are similar to results obtained with cimetidine or ranitidine. CBS is significantly better in the treatment of duodenal ulcer resistant to standard doses of H2 antagonists than increased doses of H2 antagonists. Duodenal ulcer relapse at 12 months after initial healing with CBS is significantly less than with H2-antagonist therapy. Ulcer healing with CBS is not influenced by smoking. H. pylori eradication with CBS appears to have little effect in ulcer healing but is of major importance in preventing ulcer relapse. CBS is effective in combination with antibiotics in eradicating H. pylori-associated gastritis. In gastric ulcer disease CBS therapy resulted in significant healing advantages over placebo and was comparable to treatment with cimetidine and sucralfate. CBS has been shown to be effective in the treatment of erosive duodenitis. The role of CBS in treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia and NSAID-induced damage awaits further clinical studies.
 ...
PMID:Clinical indications and efficacy of colloidal bismuth subcitrate. 195 21

The signal event of the 1970s in peptic ulcer disease was the introduction of H2 blockers. We examined changing direct and indirect effects of peptic ulcer and gastritis/duodenitis on the British population from 1970 to 1985. Death rates from gastric ulcer declined irregularly for all except women 65 years of age and older, in whom it increased, while for duodenal ulcer mortality declined only for men less than 65 years old and increased sharply for women 65 years and above. Mortality due to gastritis/duodenitis rose irregularly to 1980 and then fell inconsistently through 1985, and was but 1.0 to 1.5% that of peptic ulcer. Elderly women were disproportionately affected, much as with peptic ulcer. There was no significant change in essentially stable time trends for peptic ulcer perforation deaths. Hospitalizations for gastric and duodenal ulcer continued to fall through 1985 except for those age 65 years and above. Hospitalizations for peptic ulcer hemorrhage did not change overall, but the distribution favoring the elderly in the early 1970s reversed. Elderly men and women are now the most likely to bleed for both gastric and duodenal ulcer. Hospitalizations for gastritis/duodenitis increased for all populations. Peptic ulcer operations declined markedly for all groups, most for men and women less than 65 years old. Peptic ulcer as a cause of work loss declined sharply over time for men but was stable for women, while work loss due to gastritis/duodenitis plunged for both sexes beginning in 1979. Mean days off work per spell of absenteeism remained relatively constant: 35-45 days for peptic ulcer and 10-12 days for gastritis/duodenitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Changes in peptic ulcer and gastritis/duodenitis in Great Britain, 1970-1985. 196 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10