Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical findings, symptoms and predisposing factors were studied in 43 patients with oesophageal candidiasis, 40 patients with peptic oesophagitis and 40 normal controls. Oesophageal candidiasis was confirmed cytologically. 2.4% of patients who had undergone gastroscopy had oesophageal candidiasis; only three of them had simultaneous candidiasis of the oral cavity. Cardiac failure, oesophageal varices, hiatus hernia and gastric ulcer were common associated disorders. 42% of patients with candidal oesophagitis were symptom-free. Most common symptoms were vomiting, retrosternal and epigastric pain. Peptic oesophagitis was more frequently associated with symptoms. Predisposing factors were present in 88% of cases of oesophageal candidiasis: alcoholism, hepatic cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, malignant tumours and other wasting diseases. 18 patients had had treatment with cimetidine; they included all 13 patients whose candidiasis was first detected at check endoscopy.
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PMID:[Candidiasis of the esophagus. Prospective study of incidence, type of complaints and predisposing factors]. 373 73

Different cellular proteins of the gastric campylobacter-like organism (GCLO) were shown to be immunogenic for man. Antibodies to GCLO were detected in sera by both complement fixation and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Antibody was found in 133 (52%) of 254 patients attending for gastroscopy. There was a high correlation between presence of antibody and a positive GCLO culture from the gastric mucus. Patients with normal endoscopic appearances, duodenal ulcer, duodenitis and oesophagitis had similar prevalences (c. 50%) of antibody. Only patients with endoscopically visible gastritis or gastric ulcer had a higher frequency (c. 80%) of antibody. In a normal population, antibody was uncommon in individuals less than 20 years old, but the prevalence of antibody increased (to c. 50%) with age. There was little evidence to support an important pathological role for GCLO in disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, although the possibility that it may be a co-factor in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Antibody to the gastric campylobacter-like organism ("Campylobacter pyloridis")--clinical correlations and distribution in the normal population. 373 91

An exceptional case of gastropericardial fistula is reported, the lesion developing from a gastric ulcer on an antireflux valve instituted ten years previously. A literature review showed 31 similar cases: 14 gastropericardial fistulae, 16 esophagopericardial fistulae and one jejunopericardial fistula. Three features common to all these fistulae were determined: the frequency of hiatus hernia in the genesis of these lesions, either from an ulcer on esophagitis or herniated stomach or from surgical complication; the extremely high mortality of these fistulae (68% mortality); the need for aggressive treatment.
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PMID:[Gastropericardial fistula. Late complication of the treatment of hiatal hernia]. 380 80

The role of histamine in the gut is reviewed in relation to gastric secretion of acid, pepsin and intrinsic factors. Species-dependence of some of these actions are also discussed. Interactions with other agonists and antagonists in intact and isolated systems provide the basis for models of the role of histamine in control of gastric secretion. This review deals further with histamine H1 and H2 effects on gastrointestinal circulation and musculature including sphincters. The most dramatic application of the development of histamine H2 antagonists has been in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The use of H2 antagonists in the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer, gastrinoma, gastritis, and esophagitis is critically evaluated.
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PMID:Histamine and the gut. 391 79

From 1977 to 1984 six-hundred non selected patients with megaesophagus were prospectively examined through 722 endoscopies. 347 (57.8%) were men and 253 (42.2%) women the age ranged from 11 to 87 years (mean 45.7). 499 (90.2%) out of 553 patients had positive serologic test for Chagas' disease. 480 were non treated patients and 120 were previously treated. The following endoscopic findings were found: stasis esophagitis--15 (2.5%), reflux esophagitis--41 (6.5%), stenosis of esophagus--8 (1.3%), cancer of esophagus--5 (0.8%), hiatal hernia--3 (0.5%), esophageal varices--2 (0.3%), leukoplasia--1 (0.2%), duodeno-gastric biliary reflux--173 (30.4%), chronic gastritis--109 (18.2%), gastric ulcer--10 (1.8%), gastric polyp--2 (0.4%), gastric cancer--1 (0.2%), megabulbus--9 (1.6%), duodenal ulcer--10 (1.8%) and duodenitis--5 (1.9%). The cancer of esophagus and megaesophagus association in our results was lower than those reported by others; this may be due to the inclusion of early cases of megaesophagus in our patients. The high incidence of duodeno-gastric biliary reflux in the chagasic megaesophagus is claimed by the authors to be due to an antrum-pyloric-duodenal dyskinesia secondary to intrinsic denervation caused by Chagas' disease. Finally the authors recommend the endoscopy as a routine procedure in the megaesophagus in order to detect these associated morbid conditions.
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PMID:[Endoscopy in megaesophagus. Prospective study of 600 cases]. 393 52

In 72 of 13,500 patients who underwent endoscopy of the upper digestive tract during an 8-year period, 99 gastric polyps were found. All the polyps were biopsied; 18 were also removed. Histological examination of the 99 polyps showed that 25 were inflammatory, 23 hyperplastic, 17 hyperplasiogenic, 10 adenomatous, 3 hamartomatous, 3 with intestinal metaplasia and 18 with normal mucosa. The histological diagnosis was changed following polypectomy in 50% of the polyps that had been removed. Dysplasia was discovered in two adenomatous polyps; no carcinoma was found. In two cases the polyps were syncronous to carcinoma; in two other cases, they were metachronous to carcinoma. Inflammatory polyps were found in association with inflammation of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as duodenal and gastric ulcer, esophagitis, gastritis and duodenitis. No correlation was demonstrated between the symptoms and the type or location of the polyps. In 10 patients, who were under observation for an average duration of 3.5 years, 3 polyps disappeared, 1 was removed and 11 had not changed. We conclude that endoscopic polypectomy of gastric polyps may not always be indicated and should be reserved for polyps that were adenomatous, according to the biopsy, or that had grown and changed their shape in a follow-up endoscopy.
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PMID:Gastric polyps--a clinical study. 407 73

The development of the histamine-H2-receptor-antagonist cimetidine has led to a better understanding in the physiological control of gastric secretion and to a new approach in the management of various lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Numerous world-wide controlled clinical trials have shown that the new drug is more efficient in diseases which are accompanied by hyperchlorhydria. This is especially true in the acute therapy and long-term prophylaxis of duodenal ulcer and in Zollinger-Ellison-syndrome. In contrast, at the present, the therapeutic benefit of cimetidine is less proven in gastric ulcer, in reflux oesophagitis and in acute hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Even under long-term administration no severe organic side effect occured with the drug which generally is well tolerated. Cimetidine appears as a valuable and safe agent, when the range of application is limited to defined gastrointestinal disorders.
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PMID:[Review: cimetidine: mode of action and clinical efficacy in various gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. 610 88

Development of acute mucosal ulceration is a complex series of catabolic interactions. Hospitalized patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer, pathologic gastric hypersecretory states (such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), gastric outlet obstruction, esophagitis, severe gastritis or duodenitis, sepsis, trauma (particularly head injury or burns), and some patients receiving high-dose corticosteroids are at risk of developing acute stress ulcers. Treatment should be initiated as soon as the patient is identified as being at risk, because measures designed to prevent bleeding or perforation are more effective than those designed to stop bleeding once it supervenes and the cascade of multiple organ failure commences. The presence of acid will trigger the onset of this condition; however, ulceration will not occur if the intraluminal pH can be maintained above 5 by periodic antacid treatment or by H2-receptor blockade. The dosing regimen of antacid or of H2-receptor antagonist should not be fixed, but should be sufficient to keep the gastric pH higher than 5. Antagonists administered via a nasogastric tube are the first line of defense, but 30 to 50 percent of the most ill patients will also be treated parenterally with H2-receptor antagonists. Parenteral H2-receptor blockade therapy is indicated in these patients when the risk of acute or continued ulceration of esophageal, gastric, or duodenal mucosa is high and the oral administration of medication is either not possible or the response to such therapy is unreliable. Parenteral H2-receptor antagonists are rarely administered alone.
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PMID:Indications for the use of parenteral H2-receptor antagonists. 615 Jun 38

The treatment of peptic ulcer disease has been revolutionized for both the physician and the surgeon by the development of the histamine H2-antagonists, which have become the 'gold standard' for peptic ulcer therapy. However, it has been shown that several other drugs, including antacids, can match the ulcer-healing rate obtained with histamine H2-antagonist therapy with both a high- and a low-dose regimen. An important and well-documented option is the treatment of peptic ulcer disease with sucralfate. This drug, a basic amino salt of sucrose octosulphate , acts by binding to the protein of the matrix of the ulcer crater, thus coating the ulcer against the aggressive principle of acid-pepsin and probably also by a cytoprotective effect. Sucralfate is only absorbed in minimal quantities and no metabolic interaction with other drugs is therefore likely to occur. In many studies performed on different continents it has been demonstrated that sucralfate is superior to placebo in short-term duodenal and gastric ulcer healing and that the rate of healing is similar to that obtained by cimetidine. Evidence is also accumulating that sucralfate has a place in maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence of duodenal ulcer; preliminary studies also point to benefit in the therapy of reflux oesophagitis.
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PMID:The other option in peptic ulcer therapy. 637 32

In 3935 patients who underwent upper fiberpanendoscopy in two Zurich hospitals the coincidence of different active peptide lesions has been investigated. There was an association of reflux esophagitis and duodenal ulcer in old age: in patients with reflux esophagitis aged over 60 years, duodenal ulcer was found twice as often as in elderly patients without esophagitis. No association of reflux esophagitis and gastric ulcer or of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer was observed.
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PMID:[Coincidence of peptic lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract]. 684 94


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