Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnostic yield of the initial endoscopy performed in 8,043 consecutive patients over a 14-year period was analyzed according to age. The mean age of women (57.4 years; 50.9% 60 years or older) was higher than that of men (50.5 years; 29.8% 60 years or older). A younger age group with a mean male age of under 50 years comprising acid-related peptic diseases or normal findings was distinguishable from an intermediate group with a mean age of between 50 and 60 years. This included patients with gastric ulcer disease, who were an average of 8 years older than duodenal ulcer patients. The highest-age group comprised gastric and esophageal cancer patients with male mean ages of 64.6 and 64.7 years, respectively. In all diagnostic categories except esophageal carcinoma, the mean age of women exceeded that of men by 2.7-10.2 years. The histological grading of gastritis also correlated closely with age, women having higher mean ages than men, and all gastritis grades in the body were associated with a higher mean age than identical grades in the antrum. These data shed additional light on the age distribution of major upper GI tract diseases, and also on the peculiarities of upper GI endoscopy in advanced age.
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PMID:Diagnostic yield of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in relation to age: retrospective analysis of 8,043 patients. 273 8

An uncontrolled study for the assessment of the hemostatic effects of endoscopically injected hypertonic saline-epinephrine (HS-E) solution and pure ethanol (PE) was carried out in 67 patients with nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding. The HS-E group included duodenal ulcer (18), gastric ulcer (9), gastric cancer (2), polyp (2), marginal ulcer (1), and esophageal cancer (1). Bleeding was active in 15 (pulsating, 3; oozing, 12). The hemostatic effect was permanent in 29 cases (87.9%) but failed in four cases (12.1%). The PE group consisted of 34 patients with duodenal ulcer (25), gastric ulcer (4), polyp (2), marginal ulcer (2), and gastric cancer (1). There was active bleeding in 14 (pulsating, 3; oozing, 11). The hemostatic effect was permanent in 31 cases (91.2%), temporary in 1 case (2.9%), and failed in 2 cases (5.9%). We conclude that endoscopic local injection with HS-E or PE is a simple maneuver with reasonable cost, high safety, and satisfactory hemostatic efficacy in the treatment of nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding.
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PMID:Hemostatic effect of endoscopic local injection with hypertonic saline-epinephrine solution and pure ethanol for digestive tract bleeding. 353 2

This study was designed to elucidate the long-term effect of excess alcohol intake on the upper gastrointestinal tract. The subjects of the study were patients with alcohol dependence (n = 91). All of the subjects had been hospitalized to overcome their alcohol dependence. They underwent endoscopic examination of upper gastrointestinal tract, whether they had symptoms and a personal history of digestive organs trouble or not. Gastric ulcer (n = 14), gastroduodenal ulcer (n = 3), duodenal ulcer (n = 2), gastritis erosiva (n = 23), resected stomach (n = 13), esophageal cancer (n = 1), esophageal varix (n = 8), and esophagitis (n = 1) were among the lesions found by the endoscopic examination. This study indicated a close association of chronic upper gastrointestinal lesion with long-term excessive intake of alcohol.
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PMID:Endoscopic study of upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with alcohol dependence. 357 6

The distribution of G-cells in the gastric glands was studied quantitatively using the indirect immunoperoxidase method in 37 resected stomachs: 11 for esophageal cancer, 14 for gastric cancer, 4 for gastric ulcer, 7 for duodenal ulcer, and 1 for atypical epithelium. G-cells were seen in the pyloric glands and in the pseudopyloric glands in the atrophic fundic gland area. No G-cells were found in the fundic glands or in the cardiac glands. There was a significant correlation between the number of G-cells and the pyloric and/or pseudopyloric glandular tubes (p less than 0.01). The number of G-cells per glandular tube was 1.9 +/- 0.5 in the pyloric glands and 1.2 +/- 0.4 in the pseudopyloric glands on the pyloric part of the atrophic fundic gland area. G-cells were rarely seen in the pseudopyloric glands on the cardiac part of the atrophic fundic gland area. It is suggested that the pseudopyloric glands without G-cells in the cardiac region are akin to cardiac glands.
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PMID:A study on the distribution of G-cells in human gastric mucosa. 637 76

Sera from 111 patients with various gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases were studies for the presence of antibodies to human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OA) by passive haemagglutination assay. The antibody titre to BSA was higher than that to HSA or OA. The anti-BSA antibody was demonstrated in upper GI diseases i.e. esophageal cancer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer, and not in lower GI disease i.e. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. Both the mean titre and the incidence of the anti-BSA antibody tended to be higher in women than in men, and the titre was in a positive correlation with serum gamma-globulin levels. Sephadex G-200 column chromatography revealed that the anti-BSA antibody was widely distributed between void volume and 7S fraction.
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PMID:Anti-albumin antibodies in sera of patients with gastro-intestinal disease. 714 Nov 96

Gastrointestinal bleeding is believed to cause iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). The information concerning ideal evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract and exact findings in patients with IDA is scant. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate patients with IDA for gastrointestinal lesions potentially causing IDA at a US Army Teaching Medical Center with Gastroenterology Fellowship. Seventy patients with IDA had esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy, and if this evaluation was unremarkable, then small bowel biopsy was obtained at EGD to evaluate for celiac disease. Enteroclysis was done if endoscopic evaluation was negative. At endoscopy, at least one lesion potentially accounted for the IDA in 50 (71%) patients. At colonoscopy, 21 (30%) patients had 22 lesions (four colon cancer, seven adenoma > 1 cm, six vascular malformation, four severely bleeding hemorrhoids, one ileal Crohn's); at EGD, 39 (56%) patients had 43 lesions (11 gastric erosion, 10 esophagitis, four vascular malformation, four celiac disease, three gastric cancer, three gastric ulcer, three duodenal ulcer, two gastric polyp > 1 cm, one duodenal lymphoma, one esophageal cancer, and one duodenal Crohn's). Twelve (17%) patients had both upper and lower gastrointestinal tract lesions. Twenty-four of 32 (75%) patients with positive fecal occult blood test had potentially bleeding lesions compared to 24 of 38 (63%) patients with negative fecal occult blood test (P > 0.05). Six of nine patients with malignancy had positive fecal occult blood test. Twenty patients with normal endoscopy and small bowel biopsy had normal enteroclysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prospective evaluation of gastrointestinal tract in patients with iron-deficiency anemia. 778 48

A critical evaluation has been made of the available evidence in man of the effects of prolonged low acid states on the structure and function of the stomach. Various human models have been examined. 1. Ageing does not affect acid output from the normal male stomach, and there may be an increase in women. With progressive atrophy of the corpus mucosa, which is more frequent and rapid in patients with gastric ulcer, there is an associated loss of secretory function. Chronic gastritis and atrophy are the most important age-related changes, which in many cultures are hypothesized to develop via a prior Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis. However, H. pylori colonization of the mucosa decreases with increasing grades of gastric atrophy probably because intestinal metaplasia provides a hostile environment. Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are associated with precancerous lesions and gastric cancer. Apparent hyperplasia of the gastric argyrophil endocrine cells is a common and spontaneous phenomenon in patients with atrophic gastritis, which in part may be related to the preferential loss of nonendocrine cells. 2. Pernicious anemia is associated with a complete lack of acid production, marked hypergastrinemia, and endocrine cell hyperplasia in the majority of patients. ECL-cell carcinoids and gastric cancer occur with a prevalence of 3-7%, and endoscopic surveillance in routine clinical practice is not warranted. 3. Gastric ECL-cell carcinoids are rare events that have been described in association with two diseases in man, pernicious anemia and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome as part of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type I, and usually relate to marked hypergastrinemia and the presence of chronic atrophic gastritis with gastric antibodies or a genetic defect rather than the presence or absence of acid. Regression or disappearance of ECL-cell carcinoids, either spontaneously or after removal of the gastrin drive, has been recorded. Lymph node, and rarely hepatic, metastases are documented but death in these cases has been anecdotal. 4. Therapy with H2 antagonists may result in up to a twofold rise in serum gastrin levels but in man no endocrine cell hyperplasia has been recorded. However, the data for H2 antagonists on these aspects are very limited. There is no drug-related risk of gastric or esophageal cancer, although the incidence of the latter may be raised. Long-term treatment with omeprazole is associated with a two- to fourfold increase in gastrin levels over baseline values in one third of patients and apparent endocrine cell hyperplasia in 7% of cases overall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathophysiological effects of long-term acid suppression in man. 785 87

This study was undertaken to assess postoperative gastric motility and gastric acid secretion, and pre- and postoperative carbohydrate metabolism in patients with esophageal cancer. The gastric motility was compared among 3 different reconstruction routes in 26 patients who were divided into 2 groups according to the duration of postoperative follow-up; group A, 3 months or less; and group B, 18 months or more. The routes used for subtotal resection of the stomach were the posterior mediastinal, retrosternal, and subcutaneous routes. All patients showed positive resting pressure in the esophagus, but peristaltic waves did not reach the gastric tube at dry swallowing in any patients and peristaltic waves appeared after eating pudding only in 1 patient in group B. The resting pressure and gastric emptying time were similar among reconstruction routes, but the incidence and amplitude of metoclopramide (MCP)-induced peristaltic waves were significantly higher in group B than in group A. Furthermore, 24-h intragastric pH monitoring of gastric secretion in a group of 9 patients revealed individual variation in gastric secretion. Some patients showed high acidity soon after operation, suggesting the need for prophylactic treatment for preventing gastric ulcer. Postoperatively, postprandial serum gastrin levels were significantly higher than preoperative levels. In the other group of 11 patients tested, preoperative and postoperative carbohydrate metabolism were not significantly different. Postoperatively, carbohydrate metabolism recovered to preoperative levels after a transient decrease. These results demonstrated that postoperative motility improved over time although no difference was found among the 3 reconstruction routes used.
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PMID:Postoperative gastric motility, secretory function, and pre- and postoperative carbohydrate metabolic states in esophageal cancer patients. 874 35

Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in 6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders: a review of 21 patients. 913 Mar 38

Gastro-tracheobronchial fistula (GTF) is a rare but life-threatening complication specifically observed after esophagectomy and reconstruction using posterior mediastinal gastric tube. Ten cases of GTF were encountered in three hospitals in 2000-2009. Their clinicopathological, surgical, and postoperative care are summarized, together with a review of previously reported cases. GTF was classified as anastomotic leakage (n= 5), gastric necrosis (n= 4), and gastric ulcer type (n= 1). The anastomotic leakage type appeared about 2 weeks (postoperative day [POD]: 8-35) after esophagectomy, was located in the cervical or higher thoracic trachea. Breathing and pneumonia were controlled by tracheal tube placed in the distal of fistula. The gastric necrosis type was noted in patients who developed necrosis of the upper part of the gastric tube and abscess formation behind the tracheal wall, at POD 20-36 around the carina, the site of pronounced ischemia. Due to the large fistula around the carina, emergency surgery with muscle patch repair was frequently required for the control of aspiration pneumonia. Patients of the gastric ulcer type had peptic ulcer in the lesser curvature of the gastric tube, which perforated into the right bronchus long after surgery (POD 630). With respect to tracheobronchial factors, preoperative chemoradiation (three cases) and pre-tracheal node dissection (three cases) tended to increase the risk of GTF. Closure of GTF by surgery (muscle patch repair) was successful in four cases and by nonsurgical treatment in three cases. In one case, stable oral intake was achieved by bypass operation without closure of GTF. Hospital death occurred in three cases. Understanding the pathogenesis and treatment options of GTF is important for surgeons who deal with esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Ten cases of gastro-tracheobronchial fistula: a serious complication after esophagectomy and reconstruction using posterior mediastinal gastric tube. 2229 30


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