Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with Sotos syndrome showed very intractable and prolonged status epilepticus, resulting in poor outcomes. Clinical seizures and EEG abnormalities in patients with Sotos syndrome are sometimes noted, but they are usually mild. These two patients showed hypoplasia of corpus callosum on MRI. We considered the mechanism of intractable seizures, and emphasized the importance of careful management for their seizures and EEG abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:[Status epilepticus in two patients with Sotos syndrome]. 787 48

MB suffered an episode of status epilepticus of febrile origin at the age of 20 months. This was followed at two years by complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin and at eight years he had learning difficulties arising from the dominant hemisphere. Subsequent symptoms included auditory, visual and olfactory hallucinations which were not controlled by antipsychotics or antiepileptics. EEG and MRI were unhelpful and alternating diagnoses of schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy were made. Now aged 17 years, he has a diagnosis of schizophreniform psychosis with temporal lobe abnormality from status epilepticus in childhood, and is managed by an adult psychiatrist. His symptoms persist.
 ...
PMID:Psychosis or epilepsy--a diagnostic and management quandary. 789 50

A 32-month-old child presented in status epilepticus (SE) involving the left side of the body. Fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (FSE-MRI) with hippocampal volumetry performed < or = 24 h after the seizure showed increased T2 signal of the right hippocampus, but no atrophy. Complex partial seizures (CPS) appeared at age 33 months, and three more episodes of SE occurred between 33 and 37 months of age. Follow-up FSE-MRI at 34 and at 45 months of age demonstrated progressive hippocampal atrophy with resolution of the increased T2 signal. Her CPS became intractable and, at age 51 months, she underwent right temporal lobectomy. In the ensuing 5 months, she has had only one major motor seizure. This case demonstrates that acute increased hippocampal T2 signal intensity can occur soon after SE and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) may become evident within months in the setting of recurrent early childhood SE. This observation may support the hypothesis that early childhood SE can lead to HS. Furthermore, this case suggests that years of temporal lobe CPS may not be necessary for development of HS.
 ...
PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of hippocampal sclerosis in progression: a case report. 798 29

Three types of clinical features at the onset are well known to be characteristic of acute hemiplegia syndrome (AHS). Type 1 comprises status epilepticus of hemiconvulsions with fever. Representative diseases of this type are the infectious diseases of the central nervous system, acute encephalopathy and cerebral vascular diseases. Type 2 comprises status epilepticus of hemiconvulsions without fever. Cerebral vascular diseases and epilepsy are the major ones of this type. Type 3 comprises hemiplegia or hemiparesis of sudden onset without fever or convulsions. Most patients with this type had cerebral vascular diseases, about half of which were moyamoya disease in Japan. Recent progress in neuroimaging studies has allowed considerable elucidation of the etiology of AHS. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed minimal lesions such as capsular infarction more clearly than plain MRI. Acetazolamide test 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT imaging is one of the useful assisted diagnostic techniques for moyamoya disease, because it reveals the reserve capacity of the collaterals. [123I]IMP SPECT is useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), as the images of the lesions coincide well with the MRI ones. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in a case with alternating hemiplegia revealed normoperfusion in the ictal periods. Four cases of AHS are reported here.
 ...
PMID:Acute hemiplegia syndrome in childhood. 805 23

The patient first noticed general muscle stiffness at the age of 36. Two years later, she suffered from a tonic-clonic seizure which brought her to a hospital for the first time. Choreoathetoid movement, ataxia and cognitive deficit were apparent. At the age of 44, tonic-clonic seizures became more frequent and she was admitted to our hospital as being status epilepticus. After the cessation of clinical seizures, she became appllic. Gradual increase of atrophic changes in cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem were observed by MRI and CT. Hematological study showed that she had abnormal hemoglobin, Hb Takamatsu. Four of her five children were clinically examined; all of them showed abnormal EEG findings; three being mentally retarded and had clinical generalized convulsive seizures; two had hemoglobinopathy (Hb Takamatsu). The patient died from sepsis at the age of 50 and the autopsy was carried out. The brain weighed 930 gram. Histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of dentato-rubro-pallido-luysian atrophy; neuronal loss accompanied by gliosis in dentate nuclei, red nuclei, lateral part of globus pallidus, and subthalamic nuclei. The coincidence of the hereditary traits of two independent diseases, DRPLA and familial hemoglobinopathy (Hb Takamatsu) suggests closeness of their genetic loci.
 ...
PMID:[A familial case of DRPLA diagnosed by an autopsy associated with hemoglobinopathy (Hb Takamatsu)]. 825 33

We describe a 36-year-old man with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome complicated by cerebral hemorrhage. In December 1991 he was brought to another hospital with sudden onset of left hemiparesis and status epilepticus. He had been well previously. A CT scan and MRI showed a cerebral hematoma located in the right frontoparietal region. Twelve days later he was transferred to our hospital. Although a CT scan, MRI, and cerebral angiography were repeated, they did not reveal any abnormality regarding an etiology. Only persistently abnormal finding in laboratory studies was positive for lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody, i.e. antiphospholipid antibodies. There was no serological evidence of SLE or other autoimmune diseases. Stereotactic biopsy of the hematoma wall and scalp artery showed no abnormality. Based on above findings we conclude that antiphospholipid antibodies have played an important role for the hemorrhage. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome should be considered in a case of an unexplained cerebral hemorrhage especially in a young and normotensive patient.
 ...
PMID:[Cerebral hemorrhage in a case of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome]. 832 20

Twenty patients affected by bilateral occipital cortical-subcortical calcification (BOC) are described, 19 (95%) had epilepsy. In 8 of 16 cases studied, intestinal biopsy revealed coeliac disease. Fourteen patients had occipital partial epilepsy with a relatively benign outcome, while 4 patients were affected by a severe form of epilepsy, with very frequent, drug-resistant, generalised and partial seizures with mental deterioration. One patient had a single episode of convulsive status epilepticus at four months of age. The neurological examination was normal in all patients. CT showed flocculo-nodular, cortico-subcortical BOC, without enhancement and without lobar or hemispheric atrophy. MRI was normal. The clinical and neuroimaging features of these patients are different therefore from those with the Sturge-Weber Syndrome. The study confirms a high prevalence of coliac disease in patients with BOC, but the relationship between these two pathologies still needs to be clarified.
 ...
PMID:Bilateral occipital calcification, epilepsy and coeliac disease: clinical and neuroimaging features of a new syndrome. 835 Jan 5

Seizures and epilepsy in older patients are commonly caused by a previous stroke or other organic CNS insult. In patients who have "spells", the first step is to determine whether or not the events are epileptic. Rule out other potential causes of transients loss of consciousness with a careful history, physical exam, lab tests, and imaging studies. An EEG and CT or MRI of the brain are essential. Candidates for treatment with an antiepileptic drug include those with recurrent unprovoked seizures, those with onset of epilepsy presenting with status epilepticus, and those with a strong family history of epilepsy. Monotherapy with a drug known to work best for the type of seizure is preferred. Monitor patients closely for side effects and potential drug-drug interactions.
 ...
PMID:Seizures and epilepsy in older patients: evaluation and management. 864 91

Reversible bilateral lesions of the claustrum and external capsule in a 12-year-old girl suffering from a severe, transitory encephalopathy are reported. After a prodromal stage of feeling uncomfortable a sudden onset of status epilepticus occurred, followed by recurrent complex partial and myoclonic seizures for 3 weeks, with psychotic symptoms and temporary loss of vision, speech and hearing. After treatment with phenytoin the patient became free of seizures and recovered completely without neurological deficit. The initial cranial CT was normal; however, cranial MRI 7 days later showed bilateral selective lesions of the claustrum and external capsule, which disappeared completely 5 weeks later. The aetiology of these lesions remains obscure; repeated cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests were negative for herpes simplex virus and other infectious agents. The clinical and radiological improvement were concomitant. This may indicate a functional disturbance of the claustrum grey matter, rather than lesions of the white matter of the external and extreme capsules.
 ...
PMID:Severe transitory encephalopathy with reversible lesions of the claustrum. 892 73

Previous studies have shown that reduction of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) is correlated with the degree of neuronal loss at 3 days after kainate-induced status epilepticus in the rat. In this study, magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), measurement of NAA and lactate, T2-weighted MRI, and diffusion-weighted MRI were used to study early alterations in rat piriform cortex at 12 and 26 h after kainate administration. The major findings are that decreased NAA signal, increased lactate signal, and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were observed at 12 h, with little evidence of histological and T2-weighted MRI changes. These results support the hypothesis that NAA, lactate signals, and ADC provide sensitive methods for detection of early and minimal brain damage in vivo.
 ...
PMID:MR spectroscopic imaging and diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection of kainate-induced status epilepticus in the rat. 894 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>