Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gas sharing many properties with nitric oxide (NO), notably activating soluble guanylate cyclase and relaxing blood vessels. The brain can generate high quantities of CO from a constitutive enzyme, haem oxygenase (HO-2). To determine whether CO is involved in the regulatory mechanisms of cerebral blood flow (CBF), two conditions associated with a reproducible CBF increase were studied in rats: epileptic seizures induced by kainate, and hypercapnia. The HO inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (Sn-PP) did not modify the basal level of CBF, significantly reduced the increase in CBF during status epilepticus, and did not affect the cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia. It is concluded that CO participates in the regulation of CBF in specific conditions, notably those associated with glutamate release.
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PMID:Carbon monoxide regulates cerebral blood flow in epileptic seizures but not in hypercapnia. 969 25

Carbon monoxide (CO) and the excitatory amino acid glutamate both dilate cerebral arterioles in newborn pigs. The key enzyme in CO synthesis is heme oxygenase, which is highly expressed in neurons with glutamatergic receptor activity as well as cerebral microvessels. During seizures the extracellular level of glutamate is increased, which results in excessive depolarization of neurons. We hypothesized that CO is a mediator of excitatory amino acid-induced dilation of the cerebral microvasculature during seizures. Three groups of piglets were examined: 1) i.v. normal saline (sham control), 2) topical chromium mesoporphyrin (Cr-MP, 15 x 10(-6) M), and 3) i.v. tin-protoporphyrin (Sn-PP, 4 mg/kg). Synthetic metalloporphyrins (Cr-MP and Sn-PP) are heme oxygenase inhibitors, thereby reducing CO synthesis. Implanted closed cranial windows were used to monitor changes in pial arteriolar diameters. Seizures were induced by administration of i.v. bicuculline. Changes in pial arteriolar diameters were monitored during 30 min of status epilepticus. The percent increase in pial arteriolar dilation in the saline group during seizures was 68 +/- 3%. In the metalloporphyrin groups, the pial arteriolar dilation was markedly reduced (35 +/- 3% and 13 +/- 1%, for Cr-MP and Sn-PP, respectively; p < 0.05, compared with the saline group). We conclude that metalloporphyrins by inhibition of heme oxygenase and prevention of CO synthesis attenuate pial arteriolar dilation during seizures. Therefore, CO appears to be involved in cerebral vasodilation caused by glutamatergic seizures.
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PMID:Cerebrovasodilatory contribution of endogenous carbon monoxide during seizures in newborn pigs. 1197 80

A cluster of patients with tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) intoxication was reported in Thailand. Two siblings, a-six-month-old boy and a-four-year-old girl, and their domestic dogs presented with status epilepticus within 10 minutes after ingesting milk prepared from the same tin container of milk powder. Although the cases showed normal neurodevelopment at one-year follow-up, physicians should be informed of this lethal neurotoxic agent, especially in an era of terroristic activity.
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PMID:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine contaminated milk powder induced status epilepticus in two siblings and two dogs. 1984 51