Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of the ventral hippocampal dentate granule neurons in the mu opioid receptor agonist-induced motor seizures and wet dog shakes was examined in this study. [NMe-Phe3-D-Pro4]morphiceptin (9.4 nmol) was injected into the left ventral hippocampus of rats 14 days after unilateral or bilateral colchicine (5 nmol/site) lesions of ventral hippocampal dentate granule cells and the subsequent behavioral and neuropathological responses were observed. [NMe-Phe3-D-Pro4]morphiceptin injected into control animals produced convulsions and numerous wet dog shakes that lasted for less than 1 h. [NMe-Phe-D-Pro4]morphiceptin-induced wet dog shakes were significantly reduced in unilateral colchicine-pretreated rats, and completely inhibited in bilateral colchicine-pretreated animals. In contrast, generalized motor seizures evoked by [NMe-Phe3-D-Pro4]morphiceptin were potentiated and prolonged in colchicine-pretreated animals as status epilepticus (sustained clonus of forepaws and head for more than 1 h) was observed in both unilateral and bilateral colchicine-pretreated animals but not in control rats. No morphological damage of granule or pyramidal cells was found in the ventral hippocampus of control animals following [NMe-Phe3-D-Pro4]morphiceptin injection. Colchicine treatment by itself produced a selective lesion of dentate granule cells. In colchicine-pretreated animals, [NMe-Phe3-D-Pro4]morphiceptin induced widespread seizure-related damage of CA3/CA1 pyramidal cells. These results suggest that dentate granule cells in the ventral hippocampus are essential for the elaboration of wet dog shakes. However, these neurons may play an inhibitory role in the spread of seizure activity within the hippocampus or limbic structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ventral hippocampal dentate granule cell lesions enhance motor seizures but reduce wet dog shakes induced by mu opioid receptor agonist. 216 33

Tyrosinemia type III is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD). It is characterized by elevated levels of blood tyrosine and massive excretion of its derivatives into the urine. Clinical findings of tyrosinemia type III include neurological symptoms and mental retardation. Only a few patients presenting with this disease have been described, and the clinical phenotype remains variable and unclear. We present a case, who was admitted to the hospital at the age of 4 months for recurrent seizures. Two months later, she was admitted again with status epilepticus. Laboratory data showed increased level of tyrosine in the blood. She was treated with a diet low in tyrosine and phenylalanine and anamix formula that leading to catch-up growth and improvement of her symptoms. Plasma tyrosine level dropped to normal values. In any child who presents with the neurologic symptom, some rare diagnosis like tyrosinemia type III should be considered.
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PMID:A Case of Tyrosinemia Type III with Status Epilepticus and Mental Retardation. 2945 78

Epilepsy produces chronic chemical changes induced by altered cellular structures, and acute ones produced by conditions leading into individual seizures. Here, we aim to quantify 24 molecules simultaneously at baseline and during periods of lowered seizure threshold in rats. Using serial hippocampal microdialysis collections starting two weeks after the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, we evaluated how this chronic epilepsy model affects molecule levels and their interactions. Then, we quantified the changes occurring when the brain moves into a pro-seizure state using a novel model of physiological ictogenesis. Compared with controls, pilocarpine animals had significantly decreased baseline levels of adenosine, homovanillic acid, and serotonin, but significantly increased levels of choline, glutamate, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. Step-wise linear regression identified that choline, homovanillic acid, adenosine, and serotonin are the most important features to characterize the difference in the extracellular milieu between pilocarpine and control animals. When increasing the hippocampal seizure risk, the concentrations of normetanephrine, serine, aspartate, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were the most prominent; however, there were no specific, consistent changes prior to individual seizures.
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PMID:Chemical biomarkers of epileptogenesis and ictogenesis in experimental epilepsy. 3030 5