Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of status epilepticus on the concentration, synthesis, release, and subcellular localization of acetylcholine, the concentration of choline, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in rat brain regions were studied. Generalized convulsive status epilepticus was induced by the administration of pilocarpine to lithium-treated rats. The concentration of acetylcholine in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum decreased prior to the onset of spike activity or status epilepticus. Once status epilepticus began, the concentration of acetylcholine increased over time in the cortex and hippocampus, reaching peak levels that were 461% and 304% of control levels, respectively, after 2 h of seizures. Such high in vivo levels of acetylcholine had not been reported previously following any treatment. During status epilepticus, the concentration of acetylcholine in the striatum returned to control levels after the initial depression, but did not accumulate to high levels as it did in the other two regions. The in vivo cortical efflux of acetylcholine was also increased during the seizures. Choline levels were increased by status epilepticus in all three brain regions. Inhibition of seizures by pretreatment with atropine blocked the increases of acetylcholine and choline. Synaptosomes prepared from the cortex and from the hippocampus of rats with status epilepticus had elevated concentrations of acetylcholine: in the hippocampus the acetylcholine was principally in the cytoplasmic fraction, whereas in the cortex the acetylcholine was elevated in both the cytoplasmic and the vesicular fractions. The extra acetylcholine was in a releasable compartment, since increased K+ in the media or ouabain increased the release of acetylcholine from cortical slices to a greater extent in tissue from seized rats than from controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acetylcholine content in rat brain is elevated by status epilepticus induced by lithium and pilocarpine. 361 32

Choline is an essential nutrient for rats and humans, and its availability during fetal development has long-lasting cognitive effects (Blusztajn, 1998). We investigated the effects of prenatal choline supplementation on memory deficits associated with status epilepticus. Pregnant rats received a control or choline-supplemented diet during days 11-17 of gestation. Male offspring [postnatal day 29 (P29)-32] were tested for their ability to find a platform in a water maze before and after administration of a convulsant dose of pilocarpine at P34. There were no differences between groups in water maze performance before the seizure. One week after status epilepticus (P41-P44), animals that had received the control diet prenatally had a drastically impaired performance in the water maze during the 4 d testing period, whereas prenatally choline-supplemented rats showed no impairment. Neither the seizures nor the prenatal availability of choline had any effect on hippocampal choline acetyltransferase or acetylcholinesterase activities. This study demonstrates that prenatal choline supplementation can protect rats against memory deficits induced by status epilepticus.
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PMID:Protective effects of prenatal choline supplementation on seizure-induced memory impairment. 1106 78

Quantitation of High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HRMAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals enables establishing reference metabolite profiles of ex vivo tissues. Signals are often contaminated by a background signal originating mainly from macromolecules and lipids and by residual water which hampers proper quantitation. We show that automatic quantitation of HRMAS signals, even in the presence of a background, can be achieved by the semi-parametric algorithm QUEST based on prior knowledge of a metabolite basis-set. The latter was quantum-mechanically simulated with NMR-SCOPE and requires accurate spin parameters. The region of interest of spectra is a small part of the full spectral bandwidth. Reducing the computation time inherent to the large number of data-points is possible by using ER-Filter in a preprocessing step. Through Monte-Carlo studies, we analyze the performances of quantitation without and with ER-Filtering. Applications of QUEST to quantitation of 1H ex vivo HRMAS-NMR data of mouse brains after intoxication with soman, are demonstrated. Metabolic profiles obtained during status epilepticus and later when neuronal lesions are installed, are established. Acetate, Alanine, Choline and gamma-amino-butyric acid concentrations increase in the piriform cortex during the initial status epilepticus, when seizures are maximum; Lactate and Glutamine concentrations increase while myo-Inositol and N-acetylaspartate concentrations decrease when neuronal lesions are clearly installed.
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PMID:Quantitation with QUEST of brain HRMAS-NMR signals: application to metabolic disorders in experimental epileptic seizures. 1850 44