Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High doses of the muscarinic cholinergic agonist, pilocarpine, result in behavioural changes, seizures and status epilepticus in rats. The purpose of the present work is to invetigate the striatal neurotransmissors level in young rats after status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine. Wistar rats were treated with a single dose of pilocarpine (400mg/Kg; s.c.). Controls received saline. Young animals were closed observed for behavioural changes during 1 and 24h. In these periods, the animals that developed status epilepticus and didn't survive this acute phase of seizures had the brains removed and striatal neurotransmissors level determined by HPLC. The concentration of dopamine, serotonine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid was reduced and an increase in 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic acid was observed. These results suggest that cholinergic activation can interage with dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in acute phase of the convulsive process in immature striatum.
 ...
PMID:[Acute alterations of neurotransmitters levels in striatum of young rat after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus]. 1289 79

High doses of the muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine are a useful model for investigation of the essential mechanisms for seizure generation and spread in rodents. Pilocarpine (400 mg/kg; subcutaneously) was administered in 2-month-old female rats, and the content of striatum monoamines and (M(1)+M(2)) muscarinic and D(2) dopaminergic receptors was measured in the acute period. All treated animals showed peripheral cholinergic signs, stereotyped and clonic movements, tremors, seizures and the percentage mortality was approximately 63%. High performance liquid chromatography determinations, performed 24 h later, showed a decrease of striatal levels of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Pilocarpine treatment induced downregulation of (M(1)+M(2)) muscarinic receptors and reduced the dissociation constants of (M(1)+M(2)) muscarinic and D(2) dopaminergic receptors, suggesting that these systems exert opposite effects on the regulation of convulsive activity. These and other important neurochemical changes found in the course of establishment of an epileptic focus can be observed after status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine.
 ...
PMID:Pilocarpine-induced seizures in adult rats: monoamine content and muscarinic and dopaminergic receptor changes in the striatum. 1455 91

Behavioural changes, muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors density and levels of monoamines were measured in striatum of rats after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Wistar rats at the age of 21 days were treated with pilocarpine (400mg/kg; subcutaneously) whilst the control group was treated with 0.9% saline (s.c.). Both groups were sacrificed 1h following the treatment. SE induced a muscarinic receptor downregulation of 64% in pilocarpine group. This effect was also observed to be 57% in D(1) and 32% in D(2). In the dissociation constant (K(d)) values in muscarinic and D(1) receptor no alterations were verified. On the other hand, the K(d) value for D(2) was observed to increase 41%. High performance liquid chromatography determinations showed 63, 35, 77 and 64% decreases in dopamine, 3-methoxy-phenylacetic acid, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid contents, respectively. The homovanilic acid level was verified to increase 119%. The noradrenaline content was unaltered. A direct evidence of monoamine levels alterations can be verified during seizure activity and receptor density changes appear to occur in an accentuated way in immature brain during the estabilishment of SE induced by pilocarpine.
 ...
PMID:Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus: monoamine level, muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors alterations in striatum of young rats. 1587 89

Apart from stroke, epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder with 0.5% of prevalence. The present study was performed in order to determine the monoamine levels, (M(1)-like) muscarinic and (D(1)- and D(2)-like) dopaminergic receptor changes in frontal cortex of adult rats after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Male Wistar rats were treated with a single dose of pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, s.c.) and the control group received 0.9% saline (s.c.). Both groups were sacrificed 1 h after treatment. The frontal cortex was dissected for neurochemical assays. The results show a downregulation of 27% in M(1) muscarinic receptor density, but in the dissociation constant (K(d)) value remained unaltered. D(1) and D(2) dopaminergic receptor densities and their K(d) values remained unaltered. Monoamine and metabolites levels presented decreases of 44%, 27%, 30% and 42% in dopamine (DA), homovanilic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) contents, respectively. Moreover, in serotonin (5-HT) level remained unaltered and the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentration was augmented by 34%. The results suggest that dopaminergic system in this area studied may not be directly involved in the seizures and status epilepticus, but different monoamines and metabolites can be modified in this cerebral area during seizure process. In conclusion, the neurochemical alterations that occur in frontal cortex of adult rats observed during the establishment of the status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine are decrease in M(1) receptor density concentration and a reduction in DA and NE levels.
 ...
PMID:Expression of muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors and monoamine levels frontal cortex of epileptic rats. 1656 74