Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report 31 cases of "vascular epilepsy" among 280 cerebral strokes confirmed by cranial computerized tomography. A high incidence of ischemia (28 cases : 90%) is noted. Epileptic seizures are initial (14 cases) or sequellar (17 cases) manifestations of cerebral stroke. Partial seizures are the most frequent (58%), particularly "Jacksonian" motor fits, which, when initial, often lead to status epilepticus. Frequency and bad prognosis of initial status epilepticus are pointed out.
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PMID:[Vascular epilepsy: clinical, electroencephalographic, and computerized tomographic aspects (author's transl)]. 626 3

Presented here are three epileptic patients suffering from periods of frequent complex partial seizures. The importance of the following two points for the diagnosis of epileptic status of complex partial seizure is stressed. The first is the importance of EEG examination for differentiation of such epileptic status from psychogenic attack and absence status. The second is the importance of disturbed consciousness lasting between seizures. Based on EEG and clinical findings in our three patients, it was concluded that two of the three patients suffered from epileptic status of complex partial seizure and that the condition in the remaining one patient could not be judged as epileptic status of complex partial seizure. Detailed clinical and electroencephalographic findings in previously reported seven patients suffering from status epilepticus of complex partial seizure were compared with those of our two patients. The seven cases out of nine patients had epileptiform EEG activities beginning with localized rhythmic activities. All of the nine patients showed marked motor manifestations during the complex partial seizure such as adversive movement and automatic behaviors. Such motor manifestations of complex partial seizure are very useful for confirming the initiation and termination of the seizure. When the frequency of complex partial seizure is markedly increased, it become difficult to detect the initiation and termination of each seizure, and the discontinuous form of status epilepticus of complex partial seizure passes into its continuous form.
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PMID:Three epileptic patients suffering from periods of frequent complex partial seizures and diagnostic criteria for epileptic status. 653 27

An 31-year-old man had a unique form of occipital lobe epilepsy. Since age 13 years, he has had episodes of simple partial status epilepticus (SE) occurring twice a month. These typically consisted of elementary visual hallucinations of flashing lights obscuring his left visual field for a period of 2 days, associated with a severe frontal headache initially diagnosed as migraine. These episodes of simple partial SE then evolved to a complex partial seizure (CPS) or secondarily generalized seizure. There were unique EEG features, including: (a) the perception of a flash of light in the left visual field with a single sharp/slow wave discharge over the right occipital lobe, (b) right occipital lobe epileptiform activity during the prolonged aura, and (c) an abnormal response to photic stimulation, with occipital lobe discharges during low rates of stimulation (3-5 Hz), time-locked to the stimulus. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with quantitative morphometry demonstrated that the right hemisphere and right caudate nucleus were smaller than those on the left. An abnormal gyral pattern was also noted over the right parietal region. Occasionally, distinguishing occipital lobe epilepsy from migraine may be difficult.
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PMID:Case of simple partial status epilepticus in occipital lobe epilepsy misdiagnosed as migraine: clinical, electrophysiological, and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. 748 1

We report a 42-year-old woman with an established complex partial seizure disorder, who presented in refractory complex partial status epilepticus, the treatment of which with lorazepam, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and pentobarbital precipitated an attack of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). The subsequent clinical course and management with gabapentin is discussed.
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PMID:Treatment of complex partial status epilepticus unmasking acute intermittent porphyria in a patient with resected anaplastic glioma. 758 62

Status epilepticus is defined as having two tonic-clonic convulsive seizures in a row without regaining consciousness or continuous absence, complex partial, or partial seizure activity for 30 minutes or longer. This article discusses classification and prognosis of status epilepticus, principles of management, and drug treatment in adults and adolescents.
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PMID:Status epilepticus. 827 35

The expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene, as estimated by immunohistochemistry of the FOS nuclear protein, was studied in both focal and generalized seizures induced in rats by systemic administration of pilocarpine. Focal seizures, as indicated by the occurrence of stereotyped oral movements, chewing and sniffing, were evoked by either a subconvulsant dose of pilocarpine (200 mg/kg) or the association of a convulsant dose of pilocarpine (400 mg/kg) with SCH 23390, a selective D-1 dopamine receptor antagonist. This seizure pattern resulted in FOS accumulation in certain limbic areas, namely, the piriform cortex, amygdala, and olfactory tubercle. On the other hand, in rats developing generalized seizures, accumulation of FOS was also found in hippocampus, cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, striatum, accumbens, as well as in certain thalamic nuclei. Generalized seizures, including motor limbic seizures and status epilepticus, were induced by either a convulsant dose of pilocarpine (400 mg/kg) or a low dose of pilocarpine (15-200 mg/kg) combined with either lithium or the D-1 selective agonist SKF 38393. These findings indicate a close correlation between the sequence of behavioural alterations induced by pilocarpine and the proto-oncogene activation. The results provide the basis for mapping the areas of origin and the pathways of generalization of seizure activity. As shown by the effects of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists, the process of generalization appears to be controlled by the dopamine system.
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PMID:Expression of c-fos protein in the experimental epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. 851 14

We described a 34-year-old woman with a right frontal cavernous angioma who presented with complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE). In the first CPSE, complex partial seizure with complete unresponsiveness and tonic motor manifestation on her left arm occurred repeatedly at short intervals. Her consciousness was mildly disturbed between the seizures. An hour after the intra-venous administration of diazepam, her consciousness returned to normal. In the second CPSE, no motor manifestation was found, but complete unresponsiveness of short duration accompanied with stare and moderately impaired consciousness continued to occur. We emphasize the importance of not missing this rare non-convulsive epileptic status, especially when it does not present motor manifestations.
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PMID:[Complex partial status epilepticus in a patient with a frontal cavernous angiomas]. 885 56

Cerebral infarctions are one of the most important causes of late onset epilepsy. We have studied 35 patients who presented epileptic seizures after ischemic stroke. All of them had the first seizure at least 24 hours after the stroke, and they had at least one recurrence of seizure. The objective was to determine the main characteristics of these seizures and to correlate them to clinical and laboratorial findings. The interval between the stroke and the first seizure was 3 to 1650 days. Late onset seizures (> 14 days) were present in 89%, they occurred predominantly 6 to 12 months after stroke. Partial seizures (31/35) were more frequent than generalized ones. Status epilepticus occurred in only 3 cases. Most of the patients (30/35) had occasional seizures (< or = 1 seizure monthly). There were no association between seizure type and the time interval between the stroke and the first seizure, neither with the seizure frequency. The most frequent EEG finding was focal slowing of cerebral activity. Pharmacological control was easily obtained. No patient needed more than one drug for seizure control.
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PMID:[Characteristics of epileptic seizures after ischemic stroke]. 962 33

Midazolam infusion was tried as the treatment for 48 episodes of refractory status epilepticus or a cluster of seizures in 16 children. The mean age of patients was 3.5 years (range, 1 month to 18 years). Nine children had epilepsy, one purulent meningitis, one encephalitis, one acute cerebral infarction, and the remaining four had acute phase of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The type of the seizure was a generalized tonic clonic seizure (including a partial seizure secondarily generalized) in 41 episodes, a tonic seizure in 3, an atypical absence in 1, and a complex partial seizure in 3, respectively. All patients received intravenous midazolam at 0.15 mg/kg as bolus, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.1-0.15 mg/kg/hr initially. The dose was increased gradually up to 0.3 mg/kg/hr until the complete control of seizures was achieved. Fourty-one of the 48 episodes of seizures were controlled within 30 minutes after the initiation of midazolam therapy. The mean infusion rate of midazolam required was 0.22 mg/kg/hr. The mean duration of the treatment was 4.1 days. None of the patients had serious changes in the blood pressure or respiratory status attributable to the use of midazolam. In conclusion, midazolam infusion is an effective and safe therapeutic approach for the management of childhood status epilepticus.
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PMID:[Efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam in the treatment of status epilepticus in children]. 969 22

Epileptic seizures and pseudoseizures in temporal lobe epilepsies were studied from the viewpoint of the hierarchy of consciousness. Twenty-two patients with temporal lobe epilepsies (TLE) who showed true amnesia or impairment of consciousness developing from the dreamy state, even though their actions and movement continued, were selected among 160 patients with TLE, nine patients with manifested pseudoseizures, pseudoseizure status, and complex partial seizure status (CPSE) were investigated. Twelve patients in whom impairment of consciousness followed the dreamy state recognized their own existence and maintained some self-directed consciousness. The other 10 patients with amnesia were aware of their goals. Furthermore, pseudostatus ranged from epileptic seizures during pseudoseizure status to pseudoseizures during status epilepticus (SE). In some cases of CPS, awareness and self-directed consciousness were only partially pseudoseizures, disorders of self-directed consciousness are assumed to influence awareness and arousal.
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PMID:Epileptic seizures and pseudoseizures from the viewpoint of the hierarchy of consciousness. 973 40


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