Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In approximately two-thirds of the epileptic cats in this article, an idiopathic epilepsy had to be assumed. It began between six and 36 months of age with a single seizure, which usually occurred during rest or sleep. Symptomatic epilepsy was frequently observed during the first two years of life and in old age, beginning frequently with multiple seizures or status epilepticus and less often during sleep or rest. In both types, grand mal seizures are predominant. Seizure clusters or status epilepticus caused extensive neuron necroses and scleroses in Ammon's horn. Diazepana and phenobarbital are antiepileptics of first choice for the cat; primidone and phenytoin are less suitable.
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PMID:Feline epilepsy. 252 Jan 39

We retrospectively identified 49 cases of recreational drug-induced seizures in 47 patients seen at the San Francisco General Hospital between 1975 and 1987. Most patients experienced a single generalized tonic-clonic seizure associated with acute drug intoxication, but 7 patients had multiple seizures and 2 patients developed status epilepticus. The recreational drugs implicated were cocaine (32 cases), amphetamine (11), heroin (7), and phencyclidine (4). A combination of drugs was responsible in 11 cases. Seizures occurred independent of the route of administration, and occurred in both first-time and chronic abusers. Ten patients (21%) reported having had prior seizures, all with a close temporal association with drug abuse. Other than 1 patient who developed prolonged status epilepticus that caused a fixed neurologic deficit, most patients had no obvious short-term neurologic sequelae.
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PMID:Seizures associated with recreational drug abuse. 278 49

We reviewed the clinical and neuropathologic findings in 21 patients who had seizures after orthotopic liver transplants. Tonic-clonic seizures were the most common seizure type. Six patients developed status epilepticus. In 9 patients, seizures occurred within 1 week following transplantation. We found CNS lesions that were probably responsible for the occurrence of seizures in most patients; some had more than 1 finding. Neuropathologic examination revealed ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes in 18 patients, central pontine myelinolysis in 5, and CNS infections in 5. Multiple metabolic abnormalities were a contributing factor to the onset of seizures in some patients.
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PMID:Seizures after liver transplantation: a clinicopathologic study. 279 52

A 15-year-old boy with 18 q-syndrome manifesting a status epilepticus is reported. He has been already diagnosed as epilepsy because of grand mal seizures at six months earlier, and abnormal EEG findings. Unilateral status epilepticus developed at 15 years of age, which were characterized by alternative repetition of horizontal nystagmus to the right and clonic convulsion of the right (mainly upper) extremities every several minutes. Ictal EEG showed continuous 2 Hz high voltage slow waves superimposed by spikes and polyspikes which transformed to localized, irregular spike discharges in the left occipital region at the end of the status. The chromosomal study revealed a partial deletion of the long arm of No. 18. He had severe mental retardation, and a typical karyotype for 18 q-syndrome with reduced prominence of the midface region, short stature and whorls on all finger tips. The immaturity of the brain probably relates to this kind of unilateral status epilepticus.
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PMID:[A case of 18 q-syndrome associated with status epilepticus]. 280

A 71-year-old man presented with a continuous generalized tonic-clonic seizure of 80 minutes duration. Multiple attempts to establish an IV line failed. Ten milligrams of midazolam hydrochloride was administered IM and was followed by prompt termination of seizure activity. This report discusses the pharmacokinetic and anticonvulsant properties of midazolam as an alternative to diazepam for the initial treatment of status epilepticus.
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PMID:IM midazolam for status epilepticus in the emergency department. 337 95

The authors studied 286 patients with epilepsy with disease onset past the age of 20 years (176 males, 110 females) from the urban and rural populations. In 57% of cases the aetiology of epilepsy was undetermined. Among the known aetiological factors head trauma accounted for 15.5% of cases, inflammatory processes in the central nervous system for 4.5%, alcoholism for 7%, vascular lesions for 6%, tumours for 5.2%, degenerative and atrophic changes for 1.5%. Over 40% of patients had had attacks for up to 15 years and over 18% for over 20 years. In 80% of cases grand mal seizures occurred, and in 33% of these cases more than 12 attacks occurred annually. Six cases of status epilepticus were observed with 2 deaths. The attacks were precipitated by menstruation, alcohol abuse, infection, stressed, television watching. Among the signs accompanying or following the seizures tongue biting and urination prevailed. Neurological signs were demonstrated in 21% of cases, encephalopathy in 65%, other psychic disturbances in 9.5%. Systematic treatment was received by 75% of the patients (over 80% in urban population), and therapy with multiple drugs was most frequent. Drug-resistant epilepsy was found in 34% of cases. The patients from the rural population had a lower educational level and had more children. About 70% of the patients were in employment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Analysis of clinico-social features of epilepsy]. 404 96

1. Intravenous clonazepam was investigated in an open trial conducted in 24 patients suffering from status epilepticus. 2. The administration of 1-2 mg clonazepam resulted in the complete control of 7/7 Petit Mal, 7/14 Grand Mal and 2/3 partial complex cases. 3. The mean time to obtain clinical control of seizures after injection was 1.75 min. In all successfully treated cases normalization or improvement of the post-ictal EEG tracing was observed. 4. Vital signs measured before and immediately after clonazepam injections showed no clinically significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate or respiration. Side effects consisted exclusively of transient mild to moderate drowsiness in 40% of patients. 5. These results indicate that intravenous clonazepam is rapidly effective and safe in the treatment of Petit Mal status and in certain cases of Grand Mal and partial complex status epilepticus. This agent therefore represents a useful alternative to diazepam in the treatment of status epilepticus.
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PMID:Treatment of status epilepticus with intravenous clonazepam. 681 99

Generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus is a relatively common neurologic emergency. The differential diagnosis of this condition includes decerebrate spasms and hysterical seizures. Initial therapy includes establishing an airway and securing an intravenous line. Blood should be obtained for chemistries and anticonvulsant levels. Administration of anticonvulsants should not be delayed until laboratory results are obtained. Intravenous diazepam will usually stop continuous tonic-clonic seizure activity, but because of a rapid redistribution phase, it necessitates administration of a longer acting anticonvulsant such as phenytoin or phenobarbital. Intravenous phenytoin should be administered slowly at a dose of 15 mg/kg while carefully monitoring vital signs. Intravenous phenobarbital produces sedation and may cause respiratory depression. Occasionally, other anticonvulsants such as paraldehyde, lidocaine, and general anesthesia will be needed to break status epilepticus. Careful follow-up of the patient and monitoring of the anticonvulsant levels may prevent future bouts of status epilepticus.
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PMID:Current treatment of status epilepticus. 731 Mar 61

Tonic-clonic seizure activity is a recognized complication of amoxapine overdose. Refractory drug-induced status epilepticus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard regimens for controlling status epilepticus may be ineffective for aborting drug-induced seizures. The authors report the case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with an amoxapine overdose that deteriorated into status epilepticus refractory to conventional therapy. Propofol given by intravenous bolus and maintenance infusion successfully halted the patient's seizure activity. This case suggests that propofol may be effective as an anticonvulsant in refractory drug-induced status epilepticus.
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PMID:Successful treatment of amoxapine-induced refractory status epilepticus with propofol (diprivan) 880 82

The patient first noticed general muscle stiffness at the age of 36. Two years later, she suffered from a tonic-clonic seizure which brought her to a hospital for the first time. Choreoathetoid movement, ataxia and cognitive deficit were apparent. At the age of 44, tonic-clonic seizures became more frequent and she was admitted to our hospital as being status epilepticus. After the cessation of clinical seizures, she became appllic. Gradual increase of atrophic changes in cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem were observed by MRI and CT. Hematological study showed that she had abnormal hemoglobin, Hb Takamatsu. Four of her five children were clinically examined; all of them showed abnormal EEG findings; three being mentally retarded and had clinical generalized convulsive seizures; two had hemoglobinopathy (Hb Takamatsu). The patient died from sepsis at the age of 50 and the autopsy was carried out. The brain weighed 930 gram. Histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of dentato-rubro-pallido-luysian atrophy; neuronal loss accompanied by gliosis in dentate nuclei, red nuclei, lateral part of globus pallidus, and subthalamic nuclei. The coincidence of the hereditary traits of two independent diseases, DRPLA and familial hemoglobinopathy (Hb Takamatsu) suggests closeness of their genetic loci.
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PMID:[A familial case of DRPLA diagnosed by an autopsy associated with hemoglobinopathy (Hb Takamatsu)]. 825 33


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