Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phencyclidine hydrochloride abuse has become increasingly common and should be considered in patients with unexplained acute psychosis, dystonic reactions, status epilepticus, or coma. Two phencyclidine-intoxicated patients had bizarre combinations or disorientation, hallucination, agitation, and dyskinetic motor activity. Supportive care and reduction of sensory stimulation are the basis for management of the symptoms.
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PMID:Phencyclidine poisoning. 124 70

Alterations of consciousness with impaired perception and drive persisting over hours to days can be due to a nonconvulsive status epilepticus. This possibility has to be considered not only in patients with already known epilepsy, but also in those with a negative history for seizure disorders. The immediately recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) provides decisive clues. In the case of petit mal status most frequently appear tiredness, reduced vigilance and lack of drive. The EEG shows a generalized spike-wave activity. In status psychomotoricus, the clinical symptomatology varies from case to case. It can be characterized by anxiety, dreamy states or productive-psychotic states with agitation, automatisms and hallucinations. In the EEG a temporal or temporally-accentuated epileptic activity will be recorded. Transitional and mixed forms of petit mal status and status psychomotoricus can also be found. I.v. injections of benzodiazepines (clonazepam, diazepam) are an appropriate therapy for any type of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Phenytoin is indicated in status psychomotoricus, but contra-indicated in the case of petit mal status.
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PMID:[Epileptic impaired consciousness in adults]. 250 9

Cocaine has become the recreational drug of abuse of the eighties. The prevalence of cocaine has been manifesting increases in intoxications and poisonings. Acute overdoses have been associated with hyperthermia, agitation, paranoid ideation, status epilepticus, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, myocardial infarction, coma, and death. This is the first reported case of cocaine intoxication resulting in severe hyperthermia, bizarre behavior, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. Treatment consisted of cooling via iced intravenous fluids, nasogastric lavage with ice water, and benzodiazepine sedation. To our knowledge, there is no case report which supports the allusions that cocaine intoxication may cause rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.
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PMID:Cocaine intoxication: hyperpyrexia, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. 358 84

A middle-aged man, who presented to the emergency room because of bizarre outbursts of laughter, was found to be in partial complex status epilepticus. His seizure disorder had been misdiagnosed, at various times, as a variety of "functional" psychiatric disorders. Despite proper diagnosis and aggressive treatment, management was difficult, being complicated by postictal agitation and confusion, postictal psychosis, and interictal compulsive and paranoid personality features. This case is described, and issues of diagnosis and management in partial complex epilepsy are briefly discussed. The importance of not overlooking organic and especially epileptic factors, despite the presence of prior psychiatric illness, psychologic contributors, and environmental stressors, is emphasized.
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PMID:Complex partial status epilepticus presenting as gelastic seizures: a case report. 394 17

The primary use of lorazepam, when administered intravenously (IV), has been in the treatment of acute attacks of anxiety and agitation. Recent studies have investigated its efficacy in patients with status epilepticus. The present study compared the efficacy and tolerability of lorazepam and clonazepam in the treatment of status epilepticus. Lorazepam, 4 to 10 mg IV, and/or clonazepam, 1 mg IV, was administered in 61 hospitalized epileptic patients. If needed, the dose of each agent was repeated in 20 minutes. Twenty-two patients were given lorazepam, nine were given clonazepam, and 30 were given both drugs at different times. Improvement in EEG was greater with lorazepam while the clinical symptoms responded more completely to clonazepam. Both drugs were most effective in patients with secondary generalized epilepsy. Drowsiness followed either drug. Psychomotor agitation followed either drug in 12% of patients.
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PMID:Comparative trial of intravenous lorazepam and clonazepam im status epilepticus. 612 Jul 63

Baclofen is widely used in the treatment of spasticity of spinal origin. It is relatively free of side effects or toxic actions on the nervous system or other organs. Agitation, personality change, and auditory and visual hallucinations have been described following its abrupt withdrawal. One patient with generalized seizures and one with complex partial seizures after baclofen withdrawal have been reported. This paper presents a patient who developed status epilepticus after baclofen withdrawal, and who sustained hypoxic cerebral injury. This observation further emphasizes the possibility of infrequent complications of baclofen therapy, and the advisability of gradual changes in baclofen dosage.
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PMID:Status epilepticus after baclofen withdrawal. 673 10

Massive cocaine intoxication is manifested by central nervous system stimulation (restlessness, tremors, convulsions) and then depression (respiratory and cardiovascular failure). A young man presented with new seizures and eventual development of status epilepticus, respiratory failure, and cardiovascular depression. Investigation revealed ingestion of cocaine-filled condoms which had ruptured in the gastrointestinal tract. Smuggling of illicit drugs via the oral-fecal route may lead to severe physiologic derangements if the container ruptures.
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PMID:Cocaine intoxication: massive oral overdose. 677 47

Beta-adrenergic agonists and theophylline are both capable of producing tremor, agitation, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, and seizures. However, theophylline preparations, especially in the sustained-release formulations, are associated with a much higher incidence of morbidity and mortality secondary to status epilepticus and cardiovascular collapse. Overdoses of sustained-release preparations place patients at exceedingly high risk. This article describes the differentiation of the patient with acute and chronic theophylline overdoses and the implications for management of both clinical states.
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PMID:Concepts and controversies of bronchodilator overdose. 791 May 56

We report the historical, clinical, and laboratory findings in 5 patients after crack cocaine ingestion. All patients exhibited adrenergic crisis as a result of their ingestion. Analysis of their history revealed a latency period before signs and symptoms occurred as well as a wide variation in the number of crack cocaine nuggets ingested. Signs of intoxication were hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, agitation, and generalized seizure activity. Treatment included therapeutic sedation with lorazepam and adrenolysis with esmolol infusion. The majority of patients showed electrocardiographic evidence of cardiac ischemia, but not elevations in serum creatinine phosphokinase enzymes--MB fraction. One patient died of complications associated with subclinical status epilepticus. The toxicities of crack cocaine ingestion are seldom appreciated. Prompt reversal of both cardiovascular and neurological signs and symptoms with appropriate pharmacologic agents is indicated.
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PMID:Adrenergic crisis from crack cocaine ingestion: report of five cases. 759 78

A range of D1 receptor agonists were tested for their ability to facilitate limbic motor seizures induced by a subthreshold dose of the chemoconvulsant pilocarpine (100 mg/kg IP) in mice. ED50 values (mumol/kg) were calculated from log dose-probit analyses, giving relative proconvulsant potencies of SKF 82958 > CY 208-243 > SKF 77434 = SKF 75670 = SKF 80723 > SKF 38393. The compound SKF 82526, which poorly crosses the blood-brain barrier, did not lower the seizure threshold. Convulsions consisted of rearing and forepaw myoclonus, leading to status epilepticus at higher doses of the D1 agonists. No deaths were recorded. A maximum seizure incidence of 50% was obtained with SKF 75670, compared to 100% for the other compounds. Apart from SKF 82526, the D1 agonists all elicited behavioural signs of central D1 receptor stimulation, including motor restlessness, grooming and sniffing. There was no obvious relationship between the abilities of these D1 agonist drugs to promote epilepsy and their effects on unconditioned motor behaviour, or their affinities and efficacies at the striatal D1 receptor. It is concluded that a reduction of the seizure threshold is an inevitable consequence of central D1 receptor stimulation with existing D1 agonists.
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PMID:Seizure promotion by D1 agonists does not correlate with other dopaminergic properties. 810 96


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