Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors describe the electro-clinical state of four children having a type of epilepsy clinically characterized by rare partial motor seizures and frequent absences. From E.E.G. point of view they had focal (mainly frontal) and diffuse abnormalities. Such diffuse abnormalities became continuous during slow sleep, thus realizing an electrical status epilepticus. During such status partial subclinical seizures were recorded. At the onset such cases have electroclinical features resembling those observed in the form of epilepsy so-called "benign partial epilepsy of children with rolandic or mid-temporal foci". All cases, however, have behavioural problems (instability, desorientation) and decreased school performances. The epilepsy evolution, however, is favourable and such form should consequently be distinguished from the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
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PMID:[Benign focal epilepsy and "electrical status epilepticus" during sleep (author's transl)]. 10 75

Therapeutic aspects of convulsive and non convulsive status epilepticus observed in fourteen patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome were studied. A temporal relationship between the status epilepticus onset and the beginning of treatment with chlonazepam and diphenylhydantoin was observed; these drugs withdrawal was followed by suppression of symptoms. The possibility of treating status epilepticus by altering the orally administered therapy and leaving parenteral therapy for such cases with progressive impairment of consciousness and/or neuvoregetative disorders was indicated.
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PMID:[Status epilepticus in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; therapeutic aspects]. 90 Dec 60

Clonazepam or 5-(2-chlorphenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4benzodiazepin-2-one, is a close structural and pharmacological relative of nitrazepam. It has a broad spectrum of activity against the various types of epilepsy, and is effective in many patients whose condition has proved resistant to other antiepileptic drugs. Its chief uses are in status epilepticus, in which intravenous clonazepam may replace diazepam as the drug of first choice, and in the minor motor seizures of childhood, particularly petit mal absences, the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and infantile spasms. Clonazepam is also at least as effective as current treatment in psychomotor and myoclonic epilepsies, but seems unlikely to replace phenytoin and the barbiturates in the treatment of grand mal or focal motor seizures except in patients resistant to standard therapy. Initial success with clonazepam can be followed by loss of effect, but benefit can often be restored, at least initially, by temporary interruption and re-institution of treatment. Side-effects are common with clonazepam. Most patients experience drowsiness and fatigue, which are frequent causes of withdrawal, together with lesser incidences of ataxia, dystonia, hypotonia, and hyperactivity. These effects usually disappear with continued therapy, and are minimised by gradual introduction of the drug over 2-4 weeks. Hypersalivation and excessive bronchial secretion may be a problem in children and infants.
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PMID:Clonazepam: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in epilepsy. 97 34

We studied all adult patients who between 1984 and 1989 were initially diagnosed at our hospital as having nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Thirty-two patients fulfilled the criteria, which included ictal EEG recordings. The annual incidence was 1.5 in 100,000 inhabitants. The median age at onset of status was 51 years. Ten patients had status as their first epileptic manifestation, but most patients had a previous history of epilepsy. Median duration of epilepsy at onset of status was 4 years. Fourteen patients had focal ictal seizure activity on EEG and thus met the criteria for complex partial status. Eighteen patients had generalized seizure activity on EEG, but only 6 of these had a history of absence epilepsy or juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. None had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The clinical features of status in the remaining 12 patients were in some respects similar to those of the patients with complex partial status. We hypothesize that the EEG seizure activity in these patients may have been generalized from an initial focus.
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PMID:Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults: thirty-two consecutive patients from a general hospital population. 139 25

The correlations between sleep and prolonged epileptic activity are discussed on the basis of the status classification of Gastaut (1983). Little information is available on the interrelation of sleep and the status of tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal status). Most important is the therapeutical management of these cases. Tonic seizures have been reported to occur in large numbers during NREM sleep in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. A status-like increase is possible. Tonic seizures occur almost exclusively during sleep. Myoclonic status epilepticus arising (a) in the course of primary generalized epilepsy and (b) in the course of encephalopathies, are usually markedly attenuated during sleep. In absence status (petit mal status) synchronized sleep generally fragments the continuous discharge which is replaced by isolated bursts of polyspikes, or polyspike and wave complexes. The absence status can recur upon awaking during the night or in the morning. The abnormal EEG activity of a petit mal status can, however, occasionally persist during the whole night. Improvement as well as activation during sleep have been observed in elementary (= simple) partial status epilepticus; improvement seems to be more frequent. Epilepsia partialis continua may persist or decrease during sleep. An increase as well as decrease of motor phenomena has been observed during the REM stages. 'Epileptic aphasia' of childhood is associated with subclinical bioelectric status epilepticus during sleep. The electrical status epilepticus must be delineated as a separate group. The term encephalopathy related to electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES) has been proposed on the basis of associated psychic syndromes. This form of status epilepticus disappears during the waking state and during REM sleep. Cases with hypsarrhythmia without clinical signs may also be classified under the group of electrical or bioelectrical status. In some cases, a continuous hypsarrhythmia is observed only during sleep. In this context, one must also mention those patients who demonstrate continuous activation of spikes, or spike and wave potentials (without clinical seizures) during eye closure.
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PMID:Sleep and prolonged epileptic activity (status epilepticus). 176 86

Recent studies have demonstrated that intramuscular administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or its analogue improves various clinical aspects of intractable epilepsy such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, West syndrome, and myoclonus epilepsy. Other clinical studies reported efficient property of intravenous TRH against status epilepticus. However, it is also true that intravenous TRH produces epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy or organic brain damage. Thus, the utility of intravenous TRH for the treatment of status epilepticus seems to be equivocal. To further explore the problem in this regard, we examined the effect of TRH on limbic status epilepticus in rats. Thirty-eight male Wistar rats weighing 180-220g were used. Status epilepticus was induced by intracerebral injection of a combination of 200 micrograms of dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) and 67.2ng of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) into the amygdala (AM) through an implanted cannula. 30 min later, TRH or vehicle (distilled water) was administered intravenously (i.v.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Although 3 mg/kg of TRH (n = 9), when injected i.v., did not alter the pattern of electroclinical ictal responses induced by db-cAMP/EDTA, 25 mg/kg (n = 5) and 50 mg/kg (n = 5) of TRH significantly exaggerated EEG and/or behavioral ictal seizures, beginning immediately after the injection and lasting for more than 30 min. With 50 mg/kg of TRH, the exaggerated seizure patterns were followed by marked suppression of electroclinical seizures. 50 micrograms of i.c.v. TRH (n = 5), like higher doses of i.v. TRH, caused a slight, but not a significant, build up of electroclinical ictal seizures, beginning immediately after the injection and lasting for about 30 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on status epilepticus in rats]. 190 68

This report describes 2 cases, 7 and 8 years of age, with the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome and status epilepticus. Both cases responded favorably, clinically and in their EEGs, to continuous therapeutic control with clonazepam, and remained under control with valproic acid.
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PMID:Status epilepticus within the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: clinical characteristics and management. 310 88

Benign partial epilepsies of childhood (BPEC) are one of the most frequent types of epilepsy in school-age children. Status epilepticus (SE) of these conditions have not yet been reported. Two children with clinical and EEG features consistent with the diagnosis of BPEC-SE are presented. In neither case did SE respond to current antiepileptic medications and stopped only after administration of steroids. At follow-up 1 and 2 years post SE, neurologic and intellectual development have been normal. Differential diagnoses included an atypical benign partial epilepsy, epilepsy with electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep, acquired epileptic aphasia, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and epilepsia partialis continua.
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PMID:Status epilepticus of benign partial epilepsies in children: report of two cases. 311 24

We describe the failure of an intravenous benzodiazepine to control non-convulsive status epilepticus occurring in six patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In one patient the benzodiazepine induced a paradoxical response with clinical and electroencephalographic seizures.
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PMID:Non-convulsive status epilepticus resistant to benzodiazepines. 354 98

Thirty patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome presenting one or more status epilepticus (the first before age 15) were studied. Triggering factors, semiology, duration, severity and EEG features were considered. A comparison was made between this group of patients and another group having the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome but without status. No significant difference appears in the long-term prognosis, even when status were prolonged. Only three patients died during a status. For this reason the authors recommend prudence and avoidance of very strong treatment. In their experience, intravenous diazepines, intravenous phenytoin and intramuscular ACTH were the most effective drugs.
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PMID:[Status epilepticus in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. 370 51


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