Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electroencephalographic activity of the frontal cortex, cerebellar vermis, and superior vestibular nucleus was recorded in awake rats during the high pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) by means of permanently implanted electrodes. Power-spectrum analysis revealed a decline in the faster frequencies and an increase in the slow frequences as the seizure end-point was approached. Effects of compression to 4500 fsw varied from severe tremor and myoclonic jerks to status epilepticus, with seizures occurring at an average depth of 3560 fsw. In all animals, multifocal-spiking activity progressed in severity with increasing depth. The predominant seizure pattern observed was a spike and slow-wave pattern reminiscent of absence seizures. Initial evidence of generalized seizure activity was equally divided between the cerebellum and cortex. It is concluded that the cerebellum participates in HPNS seizures. Possible evolution of the syndrome by loss of Purkinje cell inhibitory influence on subcortical sites that modulate cortical excitability is discussed.
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PMID:Cerebellar and cerebral electroencephalogram during the high pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) in rats. 60 10

We studied all adult patients who between 1984 and 1989 were initially diagnosed at our hospital as having nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Thirty-two patients fulfilled the criteria, which included ictal EEG recordings. The annual incidence was 1.5 in 100,000 inhabitants. The median age at onset of status was 51 years. Ten patients had status as their first epileptic manifestation, but most patients had a previous history of epilepsy. Median duration of epilepsy at onset of status was 4 years. Fourteen patients had focal ictal seizure activity on EEG and thus met the criteria for complex partial status. Eighteen patients had generalized seizure activity on EEG, but only 6 of these had a history of absence epilepsy or juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. None had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The clinical features of status in the remaining 12 patients were in some respects similar to those of the patients with complex partial status. We hypothesize that the EEG seizure activity in these patients may have been generalized from an initial focus.
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PMID:Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults: thirty-two consecutive patients from a general hospital population. 139 25

Among 630 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, 70 patients with new-onset seizures were studied. Generalized seizures occurred in 66 patients (94%): they occurred as the initial seizure in 56 patients (80%) and during follow-up in another 10 patients (14%). Partial seizures (18 patients), status epilepticus (10 patients), and recurrent seizures (38 patients) were also noted. Identified processes included cerebral toxoplasmosis in 11 patients, cerebral lymphoma in 8, metabolic derangement in 8, cryptococcal meningitis in 7, and vascular infarction in 4. In 32 patients (46%) seizures were not associated with identifiable brain lesions and were believed to result from human immunodeficiency virus cerebral infection. Phenytoin treatment was associated with adverse drug reactions in 16 of 62 patients who received it. Our results suggest that the majority of patients with human immunodeficiency virus and seizures do not have secondary focal brain lesions as the cause of the seizures and that human immunodeficiency virus infection alone can, and often does, cause seizures.
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PMID:Seizures in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 234 90

We reviewed records of 5,000 epileptic patients and identified 154 cases of partial epilepsy with seizure onset in the first 3 years of life. Of these, 35 patients had initial partial seizures. In 57 patients, partial seizures were preceded by a hemiclonic seizure, which manifested as status epilepticus in 70%. Generalized seizures were the initial manifestation in 62 patients: 17 grand mal, 14 clonic or myoclonic, and 31 tonic or atonic seizures. Of the 119 patients, 31 showed a seizure free-interval of several years between the initial seizure and the occurrence of partial epilepsy. The atypical initial clinical presentation and the seizure-free interval before occurrence of more characteristic partial seizures raise the possibility that the diagnosis of partial epilepsies in the first years of life may be missed.
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PMID:Partial epilepsy with seizures appearing in the first three years of life. 251 18

Aminophylline (A) is a proconvulsant in adult rats. We studied the effect of A on amygdala kindling in 15-day-old rat pups. Production of generalized seizures was significantly promoted by A at doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg. Terminal status epilepticus (TSE) was produced in 33% of pups receiving 25 mg/kg A, 75% of pups receiving 50 mg/kg A, and 100% of pups receiving 100 mg/kg A. The number of stimuli needed to produce a stage 4-5 generalized seizure was significantly smaller in animals receiving 10 mg/kg A (5.7 +/- 3.4), 25 mg/kg A (3.4 +/- 2.4), 50 mg/kg A (1.9 +/- 1.4), or 100 mg/kg A (1.9 +/- 1.6) than in saline-treated controls (12.3 +/- 3.7) (P less than 0.001). In addition, 16% of pups receiving 50 mg/kg and 33% of pups receiving 100 mg/kg A and never stimulated developed TSE. These seizure-promoting effects of A in rat pups undergoing amygdala kindling are far more dramatic and occur at far lower doses than those previously reported in adults.
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PMID:Proconvulsant effects of aminophylline during amygdala kindling in developing rats. 272 Sep 53

Based on the clinicoelectrographic data of 28 patients (14 children and 14 adults) with absence status epilepticus thoroughly documented by CCTV/EEG, it was found that there were significant differences between the children and adults. In childhood, absence status tended to occur in those who had experienced individual short-lived atypical absence seizures and also other types of generalized seizure. In contrast, there was a general tendency for absence status in adulthood to occur in females without individual absence seizure. With respect to the clinicoelectrographical manifestations, absence status with a decreased postural tone was prone to be associated with a more profound clouding of consciousness, whereas in those with myoclonic components there was a less profound clouding. The former was found solely in children while the latter was both in children and in adults. During absence status, the focal motor features with or without secondarily generalized convulsions were observed in 8 adult patients (57%). On the other hand, no focal motor manifestations were observed during absence status in children. Absence status is composed of two modalities: either a prolongation or repetition of absence seizures. It was demonstrated that, in children, either the prolongation or repetition of individual absence seizures developed into absence status. The short-lived absence was of an atypical nature, whereas in adults, absence status consisted of the prolongation of an absence seizure which occurred in patients with no experience of individual absence seizures. With respect to the drug treatment, antiabsence drugs had some effect in children, while none of the adult patients responded either to the antiabsence drugs or other antiepileptic drugs. The long-term seizure prognosis was not necessarily poor in children but invariably poor in adults. Four adult patients showed diffuse, but unilateral frontally accentuated asymmetrical paroxysmal activity during the status. Three of them showed initial localized spike-wave discharges in the unilateral frontal region followed by a generalized spike-wave rhythm. Furthermore, all of these 4 patients with focally accentuated ictal EEGs have shown partial motor seizures intermingled with absence status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A comparative study of absence status epilepticus between children and adults. 324 75

Of 53 patients with drug-induced seizures seen in the last decade, 45% had single seizures, 40% had multiple convulsions, and 15% had status epilepticus. Generalized seizures with focal features were common, but simple partial (motor) seizures occurred in only two patients. Isoniazid, insulin, lidocaine, and psychotropic medications were the most common drugs that caused seizures. Forty-nine patients recovered without ill effects, but 4 patients died of cardiovascular complications. The combined cardiovascular toxicity of the convulsants, antidotes, and anticonvulsants was more important than the number or duration of seizures in determining outcome.
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PMID:Drug-induced seizures: a 10-year experience. 650 30

Effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin and diazepam on cephaloridine-induced spiking activity (focal seizure) and cefazolin-induced violent seizure appearing repeatedly in EEG and general behavior (repeated generalized seizure) were studied in rats with chronically implanted electrodes. Phenobarbital, phenytoin and diazepam showed remarkable inhibition on cephaloridine-induced focal seizure and the ED50 values were 4.52 mg/kg, 9.41 mg/kg and 0.86 mg/kg, respectively. Phenobarbital and diazepam also inhibited cefazolin-induced repeated generalized seizure. The ED50s to inhibit seizure pattern in EEG were 30.5 mg/kg and 3.4 mg/kg, respectively and the ED50 values to suppress seizure behavior were 49.0 mg/kg and 4.7 mg/kg. However, phenytoin did not suppress repeated generalized seizure even at 100 mg/kg. From these results, cephaloridine-induced focal seizure and cefazolin-induced generalized seizure are thought to be useful models for evaluating the inhibitory effect of test compounds on cortical seizure and status epilepticus, respectively.
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PMID:Effects of certain antiepileptics on cephaloridine- and cefazolin-induced seizures in rats. 663 17

Epilepsy was induced by making freeze lesions bilaterally in the mesencephalic reticular formation of cats. The convulsive activity was an equivalent of the generalized status epilepticus, devaloping 15-20 min after the freeze lesions had been made. The animals died in this state 16-20 h after it had developed. The generalized seizure activity may have spread to rostra1 structures from the lesioned mesencephalic reticular formation generalizing instantenously, or have been triggered and maintained by a local irritative zone, surrounding the necrotized tissue caused by freezing. The cooling of the same cryoprobes, by which the freeze lesions had been made, had no effect on the status epilepticus, probably because only the necrotized tissue was cooled. The cooling of the inferior thalamic peduncles changed the pattern of epileptic discharges, indicating that thalamocortical structures played a role in sustaining it.
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PMID:Generalized epilepsy evoked by freeze lesions in the mesencephalon of the cat. 667 May 96

An 31-year-old man had a unique form of occipital lobe epilepsy. Since age 13 years, he has had episodes of simple partial status epilepticus (SE) occurring twice a month. These typically consisted of elementary visual hallucinations of flashing lights obscuring his left visual field for a period of 2 days, associated with a severe frontal headache initially diagnosed as migraine. These episodes of simple partial SE then evolved to a complex partial seizure (CPS) or secondarily generalized seizure. There were unique EEG features, including: (a) the perception of a flash of light in the left visual field with a single sharp/slow wave discharge over the right occipital lobe, (b) right occipital lobe epileptiform activity during the prolonged aura, and (c) an abnormal response to photic stimulation, with occipital lobe discharges during low rates of stimulation (3-5 Hz), time-locked to the stimulus. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with quantitative morphometry demonstrated that the right hemisphere and right caudate nucleus were smaller than those on the left. An abnormal gyral pattern was also noted over the right parietal region. Occasionally, distinguishing occipital lobe epilepsy from migraine may be difficult.
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PMID:Case of simple partial status epilepticus in occipital lobe epilepsy misdiagnosed as migraine: clinical, electrophysiological, and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. 748 1


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