Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Topiramate, a new anticonvulsant, has been reported to possess neuroprotective effects in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the present study, the effect of topiramate (40 and 80 mg/kg ip) on the fully developed kainate-induced status epilepticus was evaluated in the rat. Injection of kainate (15 mg/kg ip) evoked recurrent limbic seizures which lasted several hours. Topiramate injected 1.5 h after kainate administration had no effect on the seizures and mortality of the animals. Biochemical study revealed that at 80 mg/kg ip, topiramate significantly attenuated the kainate-induced lipid peroxidation in the piriform cortex and showed similar tendency in the frontal cortex. Besides the central nervous system, the kainate-induced seizures evoked significant changes in immunoreactivity, such as reduction in thymus weight and the proliferative activity of splenocytes, and the splenocyte-increased production of interleukin-10, but not interferon-gamma. Topiramate did not affect the kainate-induced reduction in thymus weight, but attenuated changes in the proliferative activity of splenocytes. It is concluded that topiramate, when given during the fully developed kainate-induced status epilepticus in rats, has no effect on seizures, but attenuates lipid peroxidation in piriform cortex and prevents certain changes in immunoactivity.
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PMID:Effect of topiramate on the kainate-induced status epilepticus, lipid peroxidation and immunoreactivity of rats. 1559 43

In Japan,the prevalence of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE),characterized by a lack of evidence of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) genome or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody,has shown an upward trend. The causes of NHALE include several anti-neural antibodies related NHALE. Among them,NHALE that is characterized by the onset of abnormal behavior and presence of anti-glutamate receptor epsilon2 (GluRepsilon2) antibody is gaining attention. NHALE was identified in 1994 during a survey of herpes simplex encephalitis in Kyushu District. This disease has not been reported in individuals belonging to countries other than Japan. In this review article,3 cases of NHALE patients with positive GluRepsilon2 antibody titers and ovarian-teratoma-related anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody-positive encephalitis are briefly described. In addition,the naming of this disease as well as its pathogenesis,clinical features, prognosis, and sequels are discussed in this report. Patients in the acute stage of NHALE frequently exhibited schizophrenic-like symptoms such as abnormal behavior, incoherence, delusions, and hallucinations followed by convulsive seizures, status epilepticus, and autonomic seizures. Mild signs of meningeal irritation were also detected. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in these patients often revealed bilateral abnormalities in the limbic areas, including the hippocampus and amygdala. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed mild pleocytosis, and sometimes, a lack of the pleocytosis. The CSF level of interferon-gamma remained unchanged, whereas that of interleukin-6 was increased. The prognostic outcome of the patients was rather favorable. Further, differential diagnosis for herpes simplex encephalitis is important in order to decide the initial treatment-antiviral drug therapy or immunological therapy. The most commonly described sequel of this condition is memory impairment; however,patients should be monitored for personality or emotional changes.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of non-herpetic limbic encephalitis]. 2071 33