Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three family members intoxicated with methyl bromide presented with a variety of neuropsychiatric manifestations including coma, severe status epilepticus, hyporeflexia, and acute psychosis. The simulation of Reye syndrome in the child emphasizes the need for careful toxicologic screening of all children presenting with this syndrome. The initial diagnostic difficulty encountered in these cases emphasizes the need for heightened awareness of the toxic chemicals used in local industries and the clinical manifestations of their intoxication.
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PMID:Methyl bromide intoxication: neurologic features, including simulation of Reye syndrome. 56 10

Phencyclidine hydrochloride abuse has become increasingly common and should be considered in patients with unexplained acute psychosis, dystonic reactions, status epilepticus, or coma. Two phencyclidine-intoxicated patients had bizarre combinations or disorientation, hallucination, agitation, and dyskinetic motor activity. Supportive care and reduction of sensory stimulation are the basis for management of the symptoms.
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PMID:Phencyclidine poisoning. 124 70

Eleven epileptic patients, candidates for surgical treatment, were examined in order to localize epileptic foci. The daily doses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were reduced by fifty per cent or less, and the reduced dosages were maintained until a seizure had occurred. The reduction resulted in seizures within five days among all patients, and the number of seizures increased significantly in comparison with the five-day period before AED reduction. The seizures so provoked were typical for each patient, as confirmed by clinical observation and video-EEG telemetry. No status epilepticus or withdrawal psychosis occurred. The AED concentrations at the time of the seizures were generally within the reference values.
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PMID:Reduction of antiepileptic drug dosage for monitoring epileptic seizures. 148 28

Alterations of consciousness with impaired perception and drive persisting over hours to days can be due to a nonconvulsive status epilepticus. This possibility has to be considered not only in patients with already known epilepsy, but also in those with a negative history for seizure disorders. The immediately recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) provides decisive clues. In the case of petit mal status most frequently appear tiredness, reduced vigilance and lack of drive. The EEG shows a generalized spike-wave activity. In status psychomotoricus, the clinical symptomatology varies from case to case. It can be characterized by anxiety, dreamy states or productive-psychotic states with agitation, automatisms and hallucinations. In the EEG a temporal or temporally-accentuated epileptic activity will be recorded. Transitional and mixed forms of petit mal status and status psychomotoricus can also be found. I.v. injections of benzodiazepines (clonazepam, diazepam) are an appropriate therapy for any type of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Phenytoin is indicated in status psychomotoricus, but contra-indicated in the case of petit mal status.
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PMID:[Epileptic impaired consciousness in adults]. 250 9

A 17-year-old boy was admitted to hospital in acute cardiac failure and psychosis. The clinical course, EEG records and tissue diagnosis, including biopsies of brain, skin, skeletal muscle, peripheral nerve and liver were compatible with Lafora-body disease (LBD). Unusual features were those of optic atrophy and macular degeneration, signs generally regarded as negative criteria for the diagnosis of this disease. We also present the findings on endomyocardial biopsy which was performed because cardiac failure as an early symptom of LBD has not been previously described. The patient died in status epilepticus a few months after discharge from hospital.
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PMID:Lafora-body disease with optic atrophy, macular degeneration and cardiac failure. 250 38

Case report of a 35 years old patient, who, without previous history of epilepsy, within two years experienced two long-lasting psychotic episodes due to non-convulsive status epilepticus with complex partial seizures. During the second psychotic episode she developed ictal vegetative phenomena such as profuse sweating, flush, apnoea, and, above all and most alarming, periods of severe bradycardia and asystolia with clinical signs of syncope. Ictal asystolia, though being an uncommon sing of epileptic seizures, may be one cause of sudden unexpected death in epileptics.
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PMID:[Epileptic psychosis and nonconvulsive status epilepticus with ictal bradycardia and asystole]. 309 May 78

"Acute diffuse lymphocytic meningoencephalitis" is characterized neuropathologically by swelling of the brain and an unproportionally slight degree of inflammatory findings. Although many cases of this encephalitis have been reported in Japan, it was scarcely reported in other countries. The present case is a girl who had been well until fifteen years of age. She became psychotic on the 7th day after she seemed to have caught a cold. She fell into coma on the 15th day, then neurologic symptoms, such as nuchal rigidity and athetoid movement became prominent. She developed the status epilepticus with a high temperature of 41 degrees C, and died on the 23rd day. Although there was an increase of mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (32/microliters), various antiviral titers were normal both in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Neuropathologic changes were edema, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in leptomeninges and parenchyma, and proliferation of rod-shaped microglia particularly prominent in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. It is peculiar that thickening of leptomeninges formed by collagen fibers and inflammatory cells was observed. On the systemic study, centrolobular fatty change of the liver was found. This case had to be differentiated from several other neuro-psychiatric illnesses. The problems were discussed clinically and neuropathologically.
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PMID:A case of acute diffuse lymphocytic meningoencephalitis. 344 29

A middle-aged man, who presented to the emergency room because of bizarre outbursts of laughter, was found to be in partial complex status epilepticus. His seizure disorder had been misdiagnosed, at various times, as a variety of "functional" psychiatric disorders. Despite proper diagnosis and aggressive treatment, management was difficult, being complicated by postictal agitation and confusion, postictal psychosis, and interictal compulsive and paranoid personality features. This case is described, and issues of diagnosis and management in partial complex epilepsy are briefly discussed. The importance of not overlooking organic and especially epileptic factors, despite the presence of prior psychiatric illness, psychologic contributors, and environmental stressors, is emphasized.
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PMID:Complex partial status epilepticus presenting as gelastic seizures: a case report. 394 17

Five patients who were treated with long-term diphenylhydantoin for epilepsy developed neurological signs of poisoning. In 4 cases the symptoms appeared following treatment of status epilepticus with additional phenytoin medication. All patients had an acute symptomatic psychosis and a diffuse slowing of the curves in the EEG. All 5 patients showed cerebellar signs and two of them complained additionally of objective polyneuropathy, a third case complaining of itching only. An axonal polyneuropathy with minimal reduction in motor nerve conduction and a considerable extension of distal latency and diminution of compound action potential was found. In one case the biopsy showed concentric lamellar bodies coming from the axon, with intact myelin sheaths. All alterations were reversible. The pathogenesis of toxicity is discussed. Cumulation of toxic products in the plasma arising from delayed elimination of DPH metabolites is pointed out. However, one case with cerebellar signs had normal DPH levels.
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PMID:[Neurological signs in diphenylhydantoin intoxication (case reports and review) (author's transl)]. 725 13

Absence status is a form of generalized status epilepticus usually presenting as an acute confusional state. It is often initially mistaken for a psychiatric disorder, as was true in two of the six adult cases reviewed in this series. The differential diagnosis includes drug intoxication, post-ictal state, complex partial status epilepticus, transient global amnesia, organic brain syndrome, and interictal psychosis. Associated convulsive movements, such as eyelid flutter or rhythmic facial movements, if seen, should alert the clinician to consider absence status, and an electroencephalogram is needed to verify the diagnosis. Although usually occurring in known epileptics, in this small series 50% of patients did not have a history of a seizure disorder. Small fractional doses of intravenous diazepam is the treatment of choice for acute termination of the episode.
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PMID:Absence status. Case reports and a review of the literature. 743 15


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