Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A term infant, observed at birth to be microcephalic, developed status epilepticus and died 36 hours later. At autopsy a markedly atrophic brain was found which, by microscopic examination, demonstrated changes consistent with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Cerebral lipidosis with microcephaly presenting at birth is extremely rare. Congenital neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis is an atypical form of ceroid-lipofuscinosis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the microcephalic neonate with seizures.
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PMID:Congenital ceroid-lipofuscinosis. 138 26

In order to find an effective treatment option for status epilepticus in progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME), we reviewed the clinical course of 9 patients with PME. Initially, epilepsy was successfully treated with antiepileptics. However, it gradually became refractory to medication, and status epilepticus emerged 3-19 years after the onset of epilepsy. In these patients, status epilepticus in PME was classified into (1) myoclonic status epilepticus (MSE), (2) myoclonic-generalized status epilepticus (MGSE), and (3) generalized status epilepticus (GSE). MSE was common in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and GSE was common in those with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. MGSE was characterized by the mixture of escalating myoclonus and generalized seizures, and was observed in patients with Gaucher disease or unspecified PME. All patients were often refractory to infusion of benzodiazepines and barbiturates but phenytoin was able to terminate status epilepticus in 7 patients. Oral phenytoin administration as preventive therapy was effective in 6 patients. Aggravation of myoclonus was not provoked by these treatments. We propose that phenytoin should be considered as a treatment choice for PME patients at late stages to prevent the detrimental effects of prolonged or repeated status epilepticus on the brain tissues.
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PMID:Reassessment of phenytoin for treatment of late stage progressive myoclonus epilepsy complicated with status epilepticus. 1926 38

Among nonsymptomatic epilepsies exhibiting several types of generalized seizures in children two syndromes were progressively identified: epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic seizures (MAE) and nonsymptomatic Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). Various approaches based on etiology, electroclinical semiology, and mathematical analysis have progressively helped to distinguish these two conditions. Both conditions preferentially affect boys. The course is stereotyped in MAE, characterized by progressive worsening of epilepsy, usual pharmacoresistance at onset and tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonus and frequent episodes of myoclonic status epilepticus. EEG shows 3Hz spike wave bursts characteristic of idiopathic generalized epilepsy together with slowing of the tracing. In LGS, major seizures are mainly atypical absences and tonic seizures with 0.5-2Hz slow spike-waves and eventually focal anomalies. Prognosis in both syndromes ranges from recovery without sequelae to pharmacoresistant epilepsy that has improved over the past 2 decades with the new generation antiepileptic compounds. Iatrogenic factors may contribute to the poor prognosis, mainly in MAE. Pathophysiology remains speculative for both syndromes: although both share factors of brain maturation, MAE is probably mainly related to genetic predisposition whereas LGS results from some unidentified cortical brain malformation. In unfavorable cases, there may therefore be a continuum between both syndromes. They need to be distinguished from other epilepsy syndromes and inborn errors of metabolism that begin in the same age range: atypical idiopathic benign epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy with secondary bisynchrony, ring chromosome 20, ceroid lipofuscinosis, and nonsymptomatic late-onset spasms.
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PMID:Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic seizures. 2362 12

Autistic epileptiform regression is an uncommon but extensively described malady in children. The clinico-etiological spectrum of this entity ranges from electrical status epilepticus in sleep to various neurogenetic and neurodegenerative disorders. Identification of these disorders is crucial considering their therapeutic and prognostic implications. Simple investigations such as neuroimaging and electroencephalography with activation procedures can provide valuable diagnostic clues in resource-limited settings; facilitating targeted genetic/metabolic testing. Here we report a 3.5-year-old girl with autistic regression and epilepsy. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis was suspected as her electroencephalogram showed photoparoxysmal response on low-frequency (1-3 Hz) intermittent photic stimulation. A deficient leukocyte tripeptidyl peptidase 1 enzyme confirmed the diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
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PMID:Autism, Epilepsy, and Neuroregression: Photosensitivity on Electroencephalography Solved the Riddle. 3190 71