Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case is presented of an infant with tuberous sclerosis admitted with status epilepticus. When the seizures were controlled, it was found that the child was hypertensive. A large renal tumor and an abdominal aortic aneurysm was found during the hypertensive evaluation. She underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm resection and radical nephrectomy, and vascular continuity was re-established sucessfully with a Dacron prosthesis. The technique is illustrated. The reconstruction is patent one year following reconstruction. The etiology of the aneurysm is discussed.
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PMID:Abdominal aortic aneurysm and renal hamartoma in an infant with tuberous sclerosis. 127 56

A 2-year-old amerasian male with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine Syndrome) was admitted for status epilepticus and Mycobacteria avium-intracellulare infection. A computed tomography scan of the head revealed a mass thought to be a subdural hematoma. The patient died following overwhelming Mycobacteria avium-intracellular and Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. Autopsy revealed extensive extramedullary hematopoiesis of the dura forming a tumor-like thickening with focal subdural hemorrhage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of extramedullary hematopoiesis of the cranial dura associated with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
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PMID:Extramedullary hematopoiesis of the cranial dura and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. 160 84

A 56-year-old male with a 11-month history of late-onset epilepsy was hospitalized because of status epilepticus. The physical examination and laboratory data were normal. Neurological examination revealed weakness of the right leg. Coronal computed tomography showed a mass of slightly high density in the bilateral parietal convexity, with homogeneous enhancement by contrast medium. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed an en-plaque epidural tumor in the parietal region along the superior sagittal sinus, which was normointense on T1- and T2-weighted images. Conventional and digital subtraction angiography showed an avascular mass between the superior sagittal sinus and the inner table of the skull at the parietal region. The mass was thought to be situated in the parietal epidural space. On surgery, however, the tumor was found to be located mainly in the dura and subdural space. The histological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma of the B cell type. Ga-scintigraphy, physical examination, and bone marrow and peripheral blood examinations disclosed no systemic abnormalities. Therefore, the tumor was interpreted as a primary intracranial malignant lymphoma. Reports of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma have been increasing, but most have been located in the cerebrum. The dural-subdural location in this case is evidently rare.
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PMID:[Primary malignant lymphoma in the dura and subdural space along the superior sagittal sinus. Case report]. 248 43

Focal cortical myoclonus is rare. Obvious causes include tumor or atrophy involving the motor strip, but in some cases no cause is apparent. We present 4 patients who started to have focal myoclonus in childhood. All had focal motor seizures as well, and one had recurrent focal motor status epilepticus. All 4 had a mild progressive hemiparesis. Electrographic investigations showed focal epileptic discharges in the contralateral rolandic areas. Radiological studies were unrevealing, but magnetic resonance showed rolandic lesions in 3 patients. At surgery, abnormally wide gyri were found in the distribution demonstrated by magnetic resonance. The pathological substrate was focal cortical dysplasia. All patients have improved considerably following surgery. These findings suggest that focal myoclonus may be due to a rolandic neuronal migration disorder. Visualization of these lesions by magnetic resonance permits development of a surgical strategy leading to optimal treatment of these medically intractable epileptic disorders.
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PMID:Focal cortical myoclonus and rolandic cortical dysplasia: clarification by magnetic resonance imaging. 313 90

We report transient changes in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in a patient with focal status epilepticus, referred to us with a tentative diagnosis of neoplasm based on CT and angiographic findings. EEG seizures originated independently from each temporal-occipital area, predominantly from the right. Previous EEGs had shown almost exclusively right temporo-occipital epileptogenic activity. MRI showed increased signal intensity, and CT showed decreased right hemisphere attenuation without enhancement. One month later, there was resolution of the radiological and clinical abnormalities. The transient CT and MRI changes probably represented focal cerebral edema, developing during focal status epilepticus. Lack of change in the left hemisphere probably reflected the quantitative difference in epileptic activity. Clues to the diagnosis of focal edema due to status include: (1) changes on electrical and imaging studies that correlate anatomically with the clinical status, and (2) resolution of abnormalities with appropriate seizure control. In patients with suspected seizure disorders, electrical and clinical data should be correlated before interpretation is made of focal lesions seen by neuroimaging techniques.
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PMID:Transient focal abnormalities of neuroimaging studies during focal status epilepticus. 365 56

Following several days of partial status epilepticus, three patients developed striking focal cerebral edema as demonstrated by computed axial tomography (CT) scan. An angiogram done in one patient showed a capillary blush and early cortical draining veins in the corresponding area. All patients developed severe focal neurological deficit which resolved as the edema improved, and this was demonstrated on serial CT scans (at 6 months, 1 month, and 2 months, respectively). In the first patient, an underlying tumor, and in the second and third, vascular occlusions, were suspected because we were not aware that edema due to status epilepticus could produce changes of such intensity and duration. The neurological disability after the partial status was long-lasting but reversed completely in our patients. Maximal radiological changes occurred in the area of maximal epileptic discharge. Minimal atrophic changes persisted in two of the three patients. The clinical, CT scan, and angiographic findings suggest that partial status epilepticus can be associated with abnormal vascular permeability leading to prolonged focal cerebral edema. Similar pathophysiology of lesser intensity may be responsible for shorter postictal neurological deficits. Awareness of this clinical and radiological entity should avoid misdiagnosis of cerebral tumor or infarction.
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PMID:Prolonged focal cerebral edema associated with partial status epilepticus. 400 92

Treatment of epileptic patients is an important tasks for all members of the medical staff. In the treatment of status epilepticus there are new developments with better results, because status can be broken within minutes, not depending on the cause of the status. If cooperation between patient and doctor is good, results of the antiepileptic therapy will also be better. Target is the no-seizure-situation of the patient. In differential diagnosis other causes for a seizure have to be excluded: Tumors, haematomas and inflammations. By cranial computer tomography this can be done very easily and without risk for the patient. Cerebrospinal fluid must be examined in all patients with a first seizure. In treatment of epilepsy serum level controls are important: they can show problems of resorption, but also the consequence of intermittent drug intake.
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PMID:[Therapy in neurology. 11. Treatment of epileptic seizures in adults]. 712 5

Status epilepticus was a complicating feature of the last bout before the fatal outcome in a patient with a 11 years history of multiple sclerosis. The fits were seen as clonic movements of the eyes in a lateral direction, lasting for 30 to 90 seconds and repeated every 5 minutes on average. Electroencephalographic recordings demonstrated periodic slow spikes on the right hemisphere, starting in the anterior region. Neuropathological data eliminated an associated pathological condition and suggested that the development of acute cortico-subcortical demyelinating lesions was responsible of the epilepsy. The type of electrical activity observed, localized to one hemisphere, is found with recent ischemic lesions, and less frequently in cases of cerebral tumor, necrotizing encephalitis, metabolic encephalopathies or post traumatic disorders. A case with similar clinical and electroencephalographic features in a patient with multiple sclerosis has been reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Status epilepticus and multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. 720 41

Seizures are a frequent neurologic complication of cancer. Seizures may develop as a consequence of direct extension of cancer into the brain or surrounding meninges, an underlying metabolic imbalance from treatment or the tumor, or the neurotoxic effects of cancer therapy. Emergency treatment is essential for status epilepticus and seizures that occur frequently to prevent permanent neurologic sequelae. In all cases, a diagnostic evaluation is required to discover the underlying cause of the seizures. Often, an easily reversible process will be uncovered, and the complete resolution of the seizure disorder can occur. In other circumstances, determining the cause of the seizure may allow early diagnosis and treatment of brain lesions or may disclose neurotoxicity, thereby modifying future treatment. This article reviews the causes, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of seizures in adult patients with cancer, providing an overview of the medical and nursing aspects of patient management.
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PMID:Management of seizures in the adult patient with cancer. 759 70

The reversal of diastolic cerebral blood flow has been regarded as a characteristic waveform of brain death and a useful confirming sign. We report 2 patients who had diastolic flow reversal but survived. One, a 1-month-old boy with status epilepticus, had reversal of diastolic cerebral blood flow detected by Doppler ultrasound soon after admission. Reversal disappeared after medical management for increased intracranial pressure and seizure control. He recovered without sequelae. The other, a 6-month-old girl with choroid plexus papilloma, had reversal of diastolic flow during abrupt clinical deterioration. Emergent surgical removal of the tumor was performed and she survived with hemiparesis and psychomotor retardation. Our patients demonstrated that even in the presence of diastolic reversal of cerebral blood flow, prompt and effective treatment can avoid a fatal outcome.
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PMID:Reversal of diastolic cerebral blood flow in infants without brain death. 770 97


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