Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Introduction: The growing impact of non-communicable diseases in low- to middle-income countries makes epilepsy a key research priority. We evaluated peer-reviewed published literature on childhood epilepsy specific to Kenya to identify knowledge gaps and inform future priorities. Methodology: A literature search utilizing the terms "epilepsy" OR "seizure" as exploded subject headings AND "Kenya" was conducted. Relevant databases were searched, generating 908 articles. After initial screening to remove duplications, irrelevant articles, and publications older than 15 years, 154 papers remained for full-article review, which identified 35 publications containing relevant information. Data were extracted from these reports on epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, management, and outcomes. Results: The estimated prevalence of lifetime epilepsy in children was 21-41 per 1,000, while the incidence of active convulsive epilepsy was 39-187 cases per 100,000 children per year. The incidence of acute seizures was 312-879 per 100,000 children per year and neonatal seizures 3,950 per 100,000 live births per year. Common risk factors for both epilepsy and acute seizures included adverse perinatal events, meningitis, malaria, febrile seizures, and family history of epilepsy. Electroencephalography abnormalities were documented in 20%-41% and neurocognitive comorbidities in more than half. Mortality in children admitted with acute seizures was 3%-6%, and neurological sequelae were identified in 31% following convulsive status epilepticus. Only 7%-29% children with epilepsy were on antiseizure medication. Conclusion: Active convulsive epilepsy is a common condition among Kenyan children, remains largely untreated, and leads to extremely poor outcomes. The high proportion of epilepsy attributable to preventable causes, in particular neonatal morbidity, contributes significantly to the lifetime burden of the condition. This review reaffirms the ongoing need for better public awareness of epilepsy as a treatable disease and for national-level action that targets both prevention and management.
 ...
PMID:Epilepsy diagnosis and management of children in Kenya: review of current literature. 3138 19

Intrathecal administration of digoxin occurs very rarely. Some case reports of inadvertently administering it when performing spinal/epidural anesthesia were described. We report for the first time a case of a chemical meningitis and status epilepticus caused by accidental epidural administration of digoxin. A 26-year-old female underwent epidural anesthesia for a planned cesarean section (CS). Post operatively the patient became lethargic, agitated and encephalopathic, she was intubated and transferred to our hospital intensive care unit (ICU). She had seizures on admission. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed and showed generalized slowing and status epilepticus with a focus noted in the right temporal region which resolved after antiepileptic medication administration. A lumbar puncture (LP) was performed; cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) was suggestive for meningitis. However, there was no evidence for viral or bacterial infections. Within a day of admission, the referring hospital informed us that the patient received 250 mcg of digoxininadvertently-through epidural injection. The patient remained intubated for four days. She became more responsive and alert and was eventually extubated. After extubation, the patient was responsive and full neurological exam and brain imaging were normal. She was discharged from the hospital after seven days.
 ...
PMID:Chemical Meningitis and Status Epilepticus Caused by Accidental Epidural Administration of Digoxin. 3146 86

Primary pyogenic ventriculitis is more commonly manifested in children. Its presentation in adults due to Streptococcus pneumonia is rarely reported. It is mainly due to adequate vaccination cover and initiation of appropriate antibiotics. Ventriculitis is one of the complications of bacterial meningitis, requires long-term antibiotics and surgical intervention. Here, we are reporting a 67-year-old diabetic lady presented with a decrease in sensorium, seizure, and fever, diagnosed as bacterial ventriculitis. Her cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) picture suggestive of pyogenic meningitis, CSF, blood culture grew Streptoccous pneumoniae; MRI revealed -ventriculitis. She was treated with Injection Ceftriaxazone for 6 week duration. Serial MRI showed clearing of ventricular debris and she improved. This highlights the atypical presentation of pyogenic meningitis without nuchal rigidity, status epilepticus, and clinical improvement without the need of surgical intervention.
 ...
PMID:Primary pyogenic ventriculitis caused by Streptococcal pneumoniae in adults. 3180 84

BACKGROUND: To report the frequency and severity of complications, and their effect on the outcome of tuberculous meningitis (TBM).METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the following TBM complications were observed: status epilepticus (SE), hydrocephalus, paradoxical clinical worsening (PCW), hyponatremia, drug-induced hepatitis (DIH), infarction and mechanical ventilation (MV). These were recorded and correlated with stage of meningitis and outcome.RESULTS: A total of 144 patients with TBM (median age 26 years, range 12-75) were included. There were 76 (52.8%) females. The patients were in Stage I (n = 33), Stage II (n = 82) and Stage III (n = 29); 58 had definite TBM. Complications occurred in 128 (88.9%); complications included hydrocephalus (n = 58, 40.3%), hyponatremia (n = 70, 48.6%), infarction (n = 48, 33.3%), DIH (n = 42, 29.2%), SE (n = 16, 18.0%), MV (n = 43, 29.9%) and PCW (n = 24, 16.7%), with variable overlap. By 6 months, 33 patients had died. Death was related to PCW (P = 0.016), hyponatremia (P = 0.03), MV (P = 0.02), infarction (P = 0.03) and the number of complications. Except PCW, most complications occurred during the first month.CONCLUSIONS: In TBM, complications occurred in 128 (88.9%) patients, mainly in the early stages, with variable overlap. Infarction, PCW, hyponatremia and MV were predictive of poor outcome.
 ...
PMID:Complications of tuberculous meningitis and their effect on outcome in a tertiary care cohort. 3317 27


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6