Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the clinical and neuropathological features in a patient aged 45 years with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with epilepsia partialis continua. The motor cortex and basal ganglia were preserved. Our findings lend support to the notion of isolation of the motor cortex as the cause of this particular type of focal status epilepticus.
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PMID:Epilepsia partialis continua in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a motor cortex isolation syndrome. 1467 2

Palliative sedation is defined as the use of sedative drugs in order to reduce the patient's consciousness in case of refractory symptoms. The most used drug is midazolam, a benzodiazepine with a short half-life administered either intravenously or subcutaneously. We discuss on a clinical case requiring an exceptionally high dosage of midazolam-up to 160 mg iv daily-to achieve palliative sedation. The patient was an HIV positive 29-year-old male who was suffering from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicated by a refractory status epilepticus and who was suspected of previous benzodiazepines and opioid abuse. In such situations of a suffering brain doses of midazolam to achieve symptom control may be much higher than expected.
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PMID:Palliative sedation for status epilepticus in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. 2533 4

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a higher burden of seizures, but few studies have examined seizures in HIV-infected individuals in Korea. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of seizures in patients with HIV infection. Among a total of 1,141 patients, 34 (3%) had seizures or epilepsy; 4 of these individuals had epilepsy before HIV infection, and the others showed new-onset seizures. Most patients exhibited moderate (200 to 500, n = 13) or low (below 200, n = 16) CD4 counts. The most common seizure etiology was progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (n = 14), followed by other HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) complications (n = 6). Imaging studies revealed brain lesions in 21 patients. A total of 9 patients experienced only one seizure during the follow-up period, and 25 patients experienced multiple seizures or status epilepticus (n = 2). Multiple seizures were more common in patients with brain etiologies (P = 0.019) or epileptiform discharges on EEG (P = 0.032). Most seizures were controlled without anticonvulsants (n = 12) or with a single anticonvulsant (n = 12). Among patients with HIV infection, seizures are significantly more prevalent than in the general population. Most seizures, with the exception of status epilepticus, have a benign clinical course and few complications.
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PMID:Clinical features of seizures in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 2602 19