Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are questions and challenges regarding neurologic complications in COVID-19 patients. EEG is a safe and efficient tool for the evaluation of brain function, even in the context of COVID-19. However, EEG technologists should not be put in danger if obtaining an EEG does not significantly advance diagnosis or change management in the patient. Not every neurologic problem stems from a primary brain injury: confusion, impaired consciousness that evolves to stupor and coma, and headaches are frequent in hypercapnic/hypoxic encephalopathies. In patients with chronic pulmonary disorders, acute symptomatic seizures have been reported in acute respiratory failure in 6%. The clinician should be aware of the various EEG patterns in hypercapnic/hypoxic and anoxic (post-cardiac arrest syndrome) encephalopathies as well as encephalitides. In this emerging pandemic of infectious disease, reduced EEG montages using single-use subdermal EEG needle electrodes may be used in comatose patients. A full 10-20 EEG complement of electrodes with an ECG derivation remains the standard. Under COVID-19 conditions, an expedited study that adequately screens for generalized status epilepticus, most types of regional status epilepticus, encephalopathy or sleep may serve for most clinical questions, using simplified montages may limit the risk of infection to EEG technologists. We recommend noting whether the patient is undergoing or has been placed prone, as well as noting the body and head position during the EEG recording (supine versus prone) to avoid overinterpretation of respiratory, head movement, electrode, muscle or other artifacts. There is slight elevation of intracranial pressure in the prone position. In non-comatose patients, the hyperventilation procedure should be avoided. At present, non-specific EEG findings and abnormalities should not be considered as being specific for COVID-19 related encephalopathy.
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PMID:How to carry out and interpret EEG recordings in COVID-19 patients in ICU? 3240 59

Infection associated with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The emerging literature suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects children of all age groups. COVID-19 as a cause of febrile seizures and status epilepticus is not yet reported in children. We report the case of a two-year-old child who presented to our pediatric intensive care unit with febrile status epilepticus and was diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. The child recovered fully and was discharged home after three days.
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PMID:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Associated With Febrile Status Epilepticus in a Child. 3295 47

The high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is an established treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy with a proven efficacy. The KD is being explored for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) and epileptic encephalopathies. There is growing evidence that KD works by targeting dysregulated adaptive and innate immunity that occurs in drug-resistant epilepsy and in refractory status epilepticus. Beyond epilepsy, there are yet additional potential uses in neurological disorders because KD appears to have the broad anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The KD exerts anti-inflammatory action against a variety of experimental models of neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, pain, and spinal cord injury. Anti-inflammatory action of KD appears to be mediated by multiple mechanisms. Ketones bodies, caloric restriction, polyunsaturated fatty acids and gut microbiota modifications might be involved in the modulation of inflammation by the KD.
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PMID:Ketogenic diet and Neuroinflammation. 3298 44

Autoimmune encephalitis is an immune-mediated syndrome, with sub-acute to chronic presentations, such as memory impairment, altered sensorium, behavioral abnormality, psychosis, and seizures. It poses a two-fold diagnostic challenge: firstly, because of its variable clinical presentation and secondly, due to the wide variety of autoimmune antibodies causing it, which makes it difficult to identify the underlying etiology. Treatment should not be delayed due to pending laboratory workup, as early recognition and initiation of therapy prevents long term neurological sequelae. This is a case report of a 59-year-old female who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms, which evolved into refractory status epilepticus and autonomic dysfunction, requiring anesthesia induced coma. While her MRI had positive findings of encephalitis, she tested negative for infectious diseases and antibody panels.
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PMID:The Diagnostic Challenge of Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis With Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus. 3322 86


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