Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-eight of 945 patients admitted to Hennepin County Medical Center with acute medical complications of cocaine intoxication presented with seizures within 90 min of cocaine ingestion. Cocaine-related seizures were most frequently single, generalized convulsions, and these individuals all had normal cranial CT and EEG. Of the 945 patients, 18.4% of the women presented with seizures, compared with only 6.2% of the men. All subjects who presented with new onset focal seizures following cocaine ingestion had acute cocaine-related cerebral strokes or hemorrhages. Individuals with a history of cocaine-unrelated seizures, had their typical convulsions precipitated with "recreational" doses of cocaine. All four subjects with status epilepticus had ingested massive doses of cocaine, were resistant to medical treatment, and had significant morbidity and mortality. We were able to characterize four subgroups of subjects at risk for cocaine-related convulsions. First, individuals who had ingested massive doses of cocaine (2-8 gms) in whom cocaine induced seizures by its direct, dose-related convulsant effects. Second, individuals with a history of epilepsy had their typical seizures precipitated by lowering the seizure threshold. Third, females are at greater risk for cocaine-related compared to males. Fourth, years of chronic, habitual cocaine abuse may result in "chemical" kindling of epilepsy.
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PMID:Epileptogenic properties of cocaine in humans. 174 45

Cocaine abuse may lead to overdose (related to seizures and/or status epilepticus) and to diseases (schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety). This work was designed to study the influence of drugs used to treat psychopathologies associated with cocaine abuse on cocaine-induced seizures and mortality in mice. Fluoxetine (10, 20, 40 mg/kg), imipramine and buspirone (5, 10 mg/kg), pimozide (10, 20 mg/kg), lithium (56.3, 112.5 mg/kg), and naltrexone (25, 50 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally, 30 minutes prior to cocaine (90 mg/kg, ip). The animals were observed (30 minutes) to determine: latency to first seizure, number of seizures, and number of deaths after cocaine overdose. Fluoxetine, imipramine, buspirone, and pimozide had pro- or anticonvulsant effects depending on the dose. Smaller doses protected and higher doses increased cocaine-induced seizures and/or mortality. Naltrexone worsened and lithium protected against seizures. Thus, these results suggest that caution should be taken in the selection of pharmacotherapy and dosages for patients with cocaine addiction because of the possibility of potentiating cocaine toxicity.
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PMID:Effect of anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antipsychotic drugs on cocaine-induced seizures and mortality. 1558 32

This lesson describes a patient who had a cardiac arrest during an episode of status epilepticus provoked by a first fit. This is an exceptional sequence of events and should lead to investigation for an underlying cause. Unsuspected cocaine abuse is common and may provoke prolonged status epilepticus, particularly if there is a low seizure threshold. A toxic screen should be undertaken in all patients presenting with unexplained status epilepticus even if abuse of illicit substances is denied.
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PMID:Lesson of the month (1). Ictal asystole due to unsuspected cocaine abuse. 2152 11