Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038220 (status epilepticus)
 7,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 22-years old, 55 kg female patient in the twelfth week of pregnancy developed neuropsychiatric syndromes and in the following status epilepticus. Raised porphyrines and porphyrine precursors were found in the patient's urine. Despite intravenous glucose infusions and appropriate medication no reduction in seizure-frequency and neuropsychiatric syndromes was observed. An abortion was induced. After the interruption and starting of haem arginate therapy, seizure activity stopped and porphyrine precursors returned to normal levels, and after 6 weeks the patient was discharged in excellent clinical condition. This report describes a status epilepticus caused by acute hepatic porphyria, triggered by pregnancy, in a 22-years old woman. To our knowledge this is the first report of induced abortion as successful treatment in acute hepatic porphyria induced status epilepticus.
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PMID:Refractory status epilepticus due to acute hepatic porphyria in a pregnant woman: induced abortion as the sole therapeutic option? 1679 97

Axonal pathology is increasingly identified by beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) immunohistochemistry in the brains of patients who may or may not have a history of trauma. The presence of betaAPP-IR(+) has been variously interpreted as either that diffuse traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is indeed a universal finding in cases of fatal traumatic brain injury (TBI) or there are other causes of betaAPP-IR(+) axons which under certain circumstances may be sufficient to mimic TBI and therefore make the medico-legal interpretation of certain cases very difficult. To address some of the uncertainties we have undertaken a detailed analysis of the amount and distribution of betaAPP immunohistochemistry in 63 cases of fatal TBI, 17 cases of patients dying after cardiac arrest, 12 cases dying in association with status epilepticus, 3 cases of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, 13 cases of hypoglycaemia and in 60 controls. Three patterns of betaAPP-IR(+) were identified. First, diffuse multi-focal, second, corresponding to the outline of an infarct or haematoma, and thirdly a mixture of the two. The first pattern was seen in cases of the lesser grades of TAI, CO poisoning, and hypoglycaemia, the second pattern in cases in which there was evidence of raised intracranial pressure and the third in cases of severe TAI. It is concluded that the proper interpretation of cases requires the examination of a sufficient number of blocks ( [Formula: see text] ), processing using standardised protocols including betaAPP immunohistochemistry and in some cases the mapping of any IR(+) on anatomical line diagrams. betaAPP carried out on a small number of randomly taken blocks is likely to lead to misinterpretation of the clinico-pathological correlations and possibly to a miscarriage of justice.
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PMID:Trials and tribulations of using beta-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry to evaluate traumatic brain injury in adults. 1554 68

Progression of severity in experimental status epilepticus (SE), defined as refractoriness to first- and second-line abortive agents, may be related to a five-stage progression of electroencephalography (EEG) patterns. This was tested in the lithium-pilocarpine rat SE model. Abortive treatment with diazepam and phenobarbital was given at EEG stages I, III, and V. In stage I, the combination therapy resulted in 100% SE termination. However, stage III corresponded to high treatment resistance (0% abortion) and stage V to an intermediate response (63%). Comparisons of time-to-treatment durations showed overlap between stage I and stage III, despite having markedly different response rates to abortive medications. Therefore, EEG patterns reflect the dynamic pathophysiology of SE and can be used as reliable and specific markers to distinguish treatment-responsive from treatment-refractory SE more accurately than time alone.
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PMID:EEG stages predict treatment response in experimental status epilepticus. 1939 52

We report a case of a young woman, with a history of a miscarriage and a molar pregnancy, who developed headache and status epilepticus in postpartum day three. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) can present with identical clinical picture; however, the imaging findings can help the clinician to make the correct diagnosis and initiate the appropriate treatment. Both PRES and CVST are medical emergencies and fully reversible entities especially when treatment initiation is immediate.
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PMID:Headache and status epilepticus in the postpartum period; posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome or cerebral venous thrombosis? 2371 Mar 78