Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary orotidine and orotic acid have been determined in a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency under various dietary therapeutic conditions. For this purpose a new procedure for the analysis of both compounds has been developed, consisting of prefractionation with Dowex 1X8, followed by two HPLC steps on a micro Bondapak NH2 and a micro Bondapak C18 column. With this method normal as well as slightly elevated excretions of orotic acid have been found in our patient. No evidence was obtained for inhibition of OPRT by purine (deoxy)nucleosides as a cause of pyrimidine starvation. A significant increase of urinary orotidine was found after loading with allopurinol. For comparison excretory values in a patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and also in a patient with orotic aciduria type I are shown. The possible cause of the slight increase in urinary orotic acid in our patient has been discussed.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of orotic acid, orotidine and other pyrimidines in a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. 10 38

1. Concentrations and compositions of liver, serum and milk lipids of cows were measured during 6 days' starvation and serum lipids during 60 days' re-feeding. 2. The concentration of free fatty acid in serum increased fivefold during starvation. 3. The content of total lipid in liver (g/100g of liver dry matter) doubled owing to a 20-fold increase in triglyceride, an eightfold increase in cholesterol ester, a three fold increase in free fatty acid and a 20% increase in cholesterol. There were no changes in the content or composition of liver phospholipids. 4. Starvation lowered the concentrations of total lipid, phospholipid and cholesterol ester of dextran sulphate-precipitable serum lipoproteins. Total lipid and cholesterol ester concentrations in lipoproteins of d greater than 1.055 and in lipoproteins not precipitable by dextran sulphate decreased from day 4 of the starvation period and during the first 20 days' re-feeding. 5. During starvation there were decreases in percentages of stearic acid and increases in oleic acid in serum free fatty acids and triglycerides and in liver neutral lipid. 6. Throughout starvation total milk lipid yield decreased, yields and percentages of C4-14 fatty acids decreased and percentages of C18 fatty acids increased. 7. It is suggested that accumulation of triglyceride in liver may be caused by increased uptake of plasma free fatty acids without corresponding increase in lipoprotein secretion.
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PMID:Lipid metabolism in the cow during starvation-induced ketosis. 117 Aug 44

The fluorescent pseudomonads are classified as a group, one characteristic of which is that they do not accumulate poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) during nutrient starvation in the presence of excess carbon source. In this paper we show that prototype strains from this subclass, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, do accumulate poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) when grown on fatty acids. These PHAs are composed of medium-chain-length (C6 to C12) 3-hydroxy fatty acids. The ability to form these polyesters does not depend on the presence of plasmids. A specificity profile of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PHA was determined by growing Pseudomonas oleovorans on fatty acids ranging from C4 to C18. In all cases, PHAs were formed which contained C6 to C12 3-hydroxy fatty acids, with a strong preference for 3-hydroxyoctanoate when Ceven fatty acids were supplied and 3-hydroxynonanoate when Codd fatty acids were the substrate. These results indicate that the formation of PHAs depends on a specific enzyme system which is distinct from that responsible for the synthesis of PHB. While the fluorescent pseudomonads are characterized by their inability to make PHB, they appear to share the capacity to produce PHAs. This characteristic may be helpful in classifying pseudomonads. It may also be useful in the optimization of PHA production for biopolymer applications.
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PMID:Synthesis of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates is a common feature of fluorescent pseudomonads. 250 11

Replacement of the normal culture liquid to a nitrate-free medium resulted in an immediate drop in the ratio of protein to lipid in isolated cell envelopes of Anacystis nidulans cells. The relative fluidity of the envelope membranes or liposomes, made from the extracted lipids of the envelope, was estimated by measuring the steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. A thermotrophic phase transition of lipids within the cytoplasmic membrane of intact cells was also revealed by detecting the temperature-dependent absorption changes in the proportion of zeaxanthin at 390 nm. It became evident that a decrease in the proportion of protein to lipid within the cell envelope was accompanied neither by changes in the microviscosity level, nor by shifting of characteristic temperatures of the liquid-crystalline-to-gel transition of lipids. In parallel with nitrate starvation, however, the proportion of saturated fatty acids of the envelope lipids increased markedly. Accumulation of saturated, longer-chain (C18) fatty acids at the cost of C16 counterparts upon nitrate deprivation occurred in all of the complex lipids. In accordance with these findings, a pronounced decrease in the fluidity was demonstrated for the liposomes prepared from the envelope polar lipids of nitrate-starved cells compared with the corresponding control, throughout the temperature range (45-5 degrees C) studied. We propose that the fluidizing effect due to a fall in the ratio of protein to lipid was compensated by a rapidly triggering regulatory process which enables the preservation of the fluidity characteristics at an optimal level within the cell envelope of A. nidulans.
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PMID:Nitrate starvation induces homeoviscous regulation of lipids in the cell envelope of the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans. 310 3

1. Tallow (A) and rape oil (E) were obtained for evaluation. They were blended in the ratios A95:E5, A90:E10 and A80:E20. The three blends together with the two pure fats were each included at 40, 80 and 120 g/kg into a basal diet. 2. The experimental diets were evaluated for apparent availability (g/kg) of the fatty acids palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) using 6 replicates of a cage of two male broiler chicks 14 d old and 8 replicates of a cage of one Rhode Island cross cockerel approximately 1 year old. Diets were fed for 72 h then removed for 24 h. This was followed by a 48 h period when food was available ad libitum and a further 24 h starvation. A total collection of excreta was undertaken for the latter 72 h period. 3. Evaluation of apparent available fatty acid (AAFA g/kg fatty acid) was achieved by linear regression. 4. All results indicated a progressive increase in AAFA with both chicks and adults for C16:0 and C18:0 with increasing proportions of the more unsaturated rape oil in the fat blends and for C18:1 and C18:2 with chicks. 5. Evaluation of AAFA by quadratic regression indicated an additional effect of rate of inclusion for C16:0 and C18:0 with chicks and adults and for C18:1 with chicks.
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PMID:Interactions between fats of differing chemical content: apparent availability of fatty acids. 344 37

Lipids, proteins and carbohydrates diminish in the liver and muscle of cod when (a) food is inadequate or (b) the gonads are maturing. The results reported in this paper appear to show that the mobilisation of the lipids differs according to whether the need is just for energy (simple starvation) or for building up gonads. Two groups of fish from the same catch were starved. In one, the gonads were developing, while in the other the gonads had been surgically removed. Significantly more of the fatty acid C22:6 was mobilised from the liver lipids in the group with developing gonads, this fatty acid being present in the greatest amount in the gonads of either sex. The fatty acid C18:1 is also important in the gonads, and this was also preferentially removed from all the livers of maturing-starving fish when compared with gonadectomised-starving, though here the effect was not statistically significant. Some discrimination therefore appears to be exercised when hepatic lipids are removed for gonad development. No selectivity was observed in the mobilisation of fatty acids from the muscle.
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PMID:Selectivity in mobilisation of stored fatty acids by maturing cod, Gadus morrhua L. 399 15

Using radioactive tracers, the effect of n-alkanes with a varying length--C16-C25--of the carbon chain on the rate of yeast growth and the ratio of major chemicals in their biomass was studied. The change in the level of n-alkanes accumulated by the yeast during carbon starvation was determined. No differences in the rate of metabolization of 1-14C-octadecane, 1,2-3H-hexadecane, and 13-14C-pentacosane were found. During 3 hour incubation the cell losses of C25, C18 and C16 amounted to 35.0, 33.0 and 38.1 microgram alkane/mg yeast, respectively. The intensity of yeast growth in the accumulative culture on dispersed n-alkanes with different molecular weights was similar. The specific formation of CO2 during the lag-phase by the yeast cultivated C18 was larger than on C23 or C25. The lipid content in the yeast grown on C18 was 3 times greater than in those grown on C22. The difference was made by an increased content of triglycerides and waxes.
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PMID:[Assimilation of n-alkanes with a varying length of the carbon chain by the yeast Candida guilliermondii]. 738 5

In contrast to stringent (relA+) cells of Escherichia coli, relaxed (relA) cells excreted recombinant proteins (beta-lactamase, interferon alpha 1) into the culture medium during amino acid limitation. Comparative analyses of overall fatty acid composition in relA+ cells and relA cells were performed and revealed that, in wild-type cells, drastic alterations occurred during the stringent response. The portion of saturated fatty acids (C16:0) and the fractions of cyclopropane fatty acids (C17cyc and C19cyc) increased whereas the portions of unsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1) decreased. In cells of the relaxed mutant, no significant changes in the overall composition of the fatty acids were observed after the onset of amino acid limitation. These results indicate that a change in fatty acid composition of membrane lipids after starvation of cells may be responsible for the prevention of loss of cellular proteins into the culture medium in stringent controlled cells of Escherichia coli.
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PMID:Influence of stringent and relaxed response on excretion of recombinant proteins and fatty acid composition in Escherichia coli. 776 40

During the course of screening plants for novel antifungal activity, we found that a high-molecular-mass fraction of an extract from leaves of Engelmannia pinnatifida exhibited potent and broad-spectrum antifungal activity. In this study a 30 kDa protein from E. pinnatifida leaves was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration, Mono-Q and C18 reverse-phase column chromatographies. The purified protein showed potent antifungal activity against various plant pathogens with as little as 50 ng. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was determined as XXTKFDFFTLALQXPAXF, where X indicates an unidentified residue. This sequence showed 35-50% sequence identity with purified style glycoproteins associated with self-incompatibility from wild tomato, tobacco and petunia, a phosphate-starvation-induced ribonuclease from cultured tomato cells and the SIR 63.4 kDa protein from yeast.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a 30 kDa protein with antifungal activity from leaves of Engelmannia pinnatifida. 867 Jan 44

A dcm-1 mutant, obtained by transposon mutagenesis of Myxococcus xanthus, could aggregate and form mounds but was unable to sporulate under nutrient starvation. A sequence analysis of the site of insertion of the transposon showed that the insertion lies within the 3' end of a 1,572-bp open reading frame (ORF) designated the M. xanthus pccB ORF. The wild-type form of the M. xanthus pccB gene, obtained from a lambdaEMBL library of M. xanthus, shows extensive similarity to a beta subunit of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase, an alpha subunit of methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, and a 12S subunit of transcarboxylase. In enzyme assays, extracts of the dcm-1 mutant were deficient in propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity. This enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of propionyl-CoA to yield methylmalonyl-CoA. The methylmalonyl-CoA rescued the dcm-1 mutant fruiting body and spore development. During development, the dcm-1 mutant cells also had reduced levels of long-chain fatty acids (C16 to C18) compared to wild-type cells.
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PMID:Propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase is required for development of Myxococcus xanthus. 937 58


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