Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity was measured in streptozotocin diabetic rats, in non-diabetic rats during starvation and refeeding, and in diabetic patients and normal subjects. The enzyme activity increased significantly in the diabetic rats and in the starved non-diabetic rats. The activity decreased markedly after insulin injection in diabetic rats and after refeeding in non-diabetic rats. The plasma NAG activity (532 +/- 24 nmole/hr/ml, M +/- SE) in 21 diabetics with FBS value less than 100 mg/dl was higher than the enzyme activity (455 +/- 15) in 42 normal subjects (p < 0.01), supporting the idea that a more intensive treatment is necessary to normalize the metabolic derangement of diabetes. There was no significant difference between diabetics with and without microangiopathy. While the influence of age and abnormal liver function was noted, there was no correlation between the NAG activity and the platelet adhesiveness or between the NAG activity and the plasma triglyceride. The results suggest that the plasma NAG activity increases in diabetes mellitus, either with microangiopathy or not. The reason for the failure to demonstrate a significant correlation between the total plasma NAG activity and microangiopathy is discussed. The analysis of the subfractionation of the plasma NAG may be necessary to disclose a significant correlation with microangiopathy.
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PMID:Studies of plasma beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in experimental and clinical diabetes mellitus. 645 Jun 78

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a potent autocrine mitogen for fetal epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes and exhibits a transient nuclear translocation during G1 of the cell cycle. We have characterized an intracellular binding protein (FGFBP) for FGF-2 that undergoes a juxtanuclear localization coincident with the nuclear translocation of the growth factor. Chondrocytes were isolated from the proliferative zone of the ovine fetal proximal tibial growth plate at 50-130 days gestation by collagenase digestion and were maintained in monolayer at early passage number. Cells were growth restricted by serum starvation for 48 h, and the synchronized culture was restarted into the cell cycle in the presence of 2% FBS. Cells were removed between 4-26 h of incubation, and fractions representing the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear membrane, and nuclear contents were separated by differential centrifugation. FGFBPs were separated using FGF-2 affinity chromatography. Ligand blot analysis using 125I-labeled FGF-2 showed that a FGFBP of 46-48 kDa (represented by a double band) was present on the nuclear membrane at mid to late G1, and Western blot showed this to be immunologically related to a part of the extracellular domain of the high affinity FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1). Immunocytochemistry with intact cell cultures showed that this protein underwent a juxtanuclear distribution through mid to late G1. Immunoprecipitation was performed to monitor newly synthesized FGFR1 migration throughout the cell cycle. Synchronized cells were cultured in medium containing 35S-labeled methionine/cysteine, and the cellular compartments were separated before immunoprecipitation using an antibody raised against the extracellular domain of FGFR1. Newly synthesized FGFR1-related proteins appeared throughout G1 and migrated multidirectionally within the cell; intact receptor of 125-145 kDa accumulated at the plasma membrane, while both intact receptor and truncated FGFR1 of 46-48 kDa were detected on the nuclear membrane, but not within the nucleus. Cells were incubated with protamine sulfate to prevent the binding of endogenous, cell membrane-associated FGF-2 to high affinity FGFRs and their subsequent internalization. This did not alter the juxtanuclear accumulation of truncated FGFR1 in late G1, suggesting that this was not derived from the plasma membrane. The truncated FGFR1 may mediate the nuclear translocation of FGF-2 during late G1.
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PMID:Perinuclear localization of an intracellular binding protein related to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 1 is temporally associated with the nuclear trafficking of FGF-2 in proliferating epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes. 889 82

Oxytocin (OT) receptors (OTRs) have been demonstrated in a number of human breast tumors and tumor cells, but it was not clear whether the receptors were functional. We examined the regulation and function of OTR in a tumor cell line, Hs578T, derived from human breast. These cells expressed moderate levels of OTR when cultured in 10% FBS, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and binding analyses. Serum deprivation resulted in the loss of OTRs, with no effect on cell viability. Restoration of serum and addition of 1 microM dexamethasone (DEX) increased OTR levels by about 9-fold. Up-regulation was blocked by the addition of phospholipase C and PKC inhibitors. Serum/DEX treatment also increased steady state OTR messenger RNA levels. OT increased intracellular Ca2+ in a time- and dose-responsive manner, and the effects of OT were lost when OTRs were down-regulated by serum starvation. Serum/DEX up-regulation of OTR restored the responsiveness to OT. OT also stimulated ERK-2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) phosphorylation and PGE2 synthesis in Hs578T cells. In addition to showing that OTRs in the breast tumor cells are functional, these studies show that Hs578T cells can be used to study molecular regulation of OTR gene expression and intracellular signaling pathways stimulated by OT.
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PMID:Demonstration of functional oxytocin receptors in human breast Hs578T cells and their up-regulation through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway. 1021 79

An inverse correlation between p27(Kip1) expression and proliferation has been recently established in tissues derived from human lymphomas. The nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK)/phospholipase C-gamma (PLCgamma) complex also appears to play an important role in cell proliferation and malignant transformation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). In this study, we report that SUDHL-1 and KARPAS 299 ALCL-derived cell lines present different sensitivity to the antiproliferative effect of recombinant adenovirus-mediated p27(Kip1) expression or to serum-starvation in culture media. The results indicate that exogenous p27(Kip1) may interact with the NPM-ALK/PLCgamma pathway in SUDHL-1 but not in KARPAS 299 cells. This interaction correlates with changes in cell cycle and cell morphology observed mainly in SUDHL-1 cells. The percentage of SUDHL-1 cells in S phase declines, whereas it is almost unchanged in KARPAS 299 cells as compared to the controls after 96 h of infection with the recombinant adenovirus. Furthermore KARPAS 299 cells are resistant to serum-starvation due to deficient p27(Kip1)-upregulation and G1 arrest, whereas SUDHL-1 cells respond with increased G1 phase and p27(Kip1)-upregulation after 48 h of serum-starvation. Both cell lines express appropriate variation of levels of cyclins E and A, and Rb-phosphorylation as expected by growing them in culture media with different FBS content. Although both cell lines express cyclin D2, SUDHL-1 cells only present high level of cyclin D3. Moreover SUDHL-1 cells express high level of PTEN and the PKB/Akt pathway is constitutively activated in both cell lines. Lastly SUDHL-1 cells show higher levels of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins that is correlated with a higher NPM-ALK-associated autophosphorylation activity compared to KARPAS 299 cells. Our study clearly identifies some of the biochemical differences that may explain the difference in sensitivity to antiproliferative stimuli shown by two cell lines derived from the same type of lymphoma.
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PMID:Biochemical differences between SUDHL-1 and KARPAS 299 cells derived from t(2;5)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma are responsible for the different sensitivity to the antiproliferative effect of p27(Kip1). 1149 42

In nuclear transplantation, serum starvation is a general method to synchronize donor cells at the quiescent stage (G(0)) of the cell cycle. However, serum starvation during culture of mammalian cells may induce cell death, especially through apoptosis, thus contributing to the low efficiency of nuclear transplantation. This study was performed to characterize apoptosis during serum starvation and to determine the effects of apoptosis inhibitors such as a protease inhibitor [alpha(2)-macroglobulin (MAC)] and antioxidants [N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH)] on serum starved porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF). PEF, collected from day 25-30 porcine fetuses, were cultured for 5 days in media containing 0.5% FBS to induce quiescence. Serum starved PEF showed typical morphology of apoptotic cells and stained for DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay (26.7%). All apoptosis inhibitors tested in this study significantly (P < 0.05) reduced apoptosis of serum starved PEF, with antioxidants having better results (MAC: 7.4% vs. NAC: 1.0%, and GSH: 0.8%). Equally and importantly, the treatment with apoptosis inhibitors did not change the proportion of G(0)/G(1) stage cells. Therefore, the addition of MAC and antioxidants during serum starvation of PEF reduces apoptosis of quiescent fibroblasts and may contribute to increasing the efficiency of nuclear transplantation by improving the quality of donor nuclei.
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PMID:Inhibition of apoptosis in serum starved porcine embryonic fibroblasts. 1193 67

ATP, UTP, ADP and UDP induced intracellular Ca(2+) responses and oscillations in HeLa cells that sometimes lasted over 1 h. The response is due to the activation of P2Ys, G-protein coupled ATP receptors, because the oscillations persisted for several minutes even in Ca(2+)-free solution, and suramin and PPADS, antagonists of ATP receptors, partially inhibited the response. The potency of these nucleotides varied with the culture or cell conditions, i.e. UTP was generally most potent but in some cases UDP was more potent; responses to UDP were variable while those to ATP were constant. In addition, Ca(2+) responses to ATP and UDP were additive. These findings suggested the existence of two or more subtypes of P2Ys in HeLa cells. RT-PCR experiments revealed the existence of P2Y(2), P2Y(4) and P2Y(6). Recovery from starvation (culture in FBS-free medium overnight and re-addition of FBS) increased the responses to UTP and UDP but not to ATP, suggesting that the number or activity of P2Y(6) and/or P2Y(4) receptors may increase with cell proliferation in HeLa cells.
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PMID:ATP-induced calcium oscillations and change of P2Y subtypes with culture conditions in HeLa cells. 1257 23

We characterized the dependence of the mitogenic response by rabbit corneal epithelial (RCE) cells to serum containing growth factors on K(+) channel activation. Using both cell-attached and nystatin-perforated patch-clamp configurations, a K(+) channel was identified whose current-voltage relationship is linear with a single-channel conductance of 31 pS. Its activity was barely detectable following 24 h serum starvation. Exposure of starved cells to either 10% FBS, 5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 2 n M endothelin-1 (ET-1) continuously increased its activity within 30 min by 40%, 54% and 29%, respectively. EGF and ET-1 in combination had additive effects on such activity. Application of 100 micro M 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a K(+) channel blocker, inhibited serum-stimulated K(+) channel activity by 85%. DNA synthesis was markedly stimulated by serum, whereas incubation with either 4-AP (200 micro M) or Ba(2+) (1 m M) suppressed this increase by 51% and 23%, respectively, whereas 5 m M tetra ethyl ammonium (TEA) had no effect. Taken together, growth factor-induced increases in proliferation are dependent on K(+) channel stimulation. As the increases in K(+) channel activity induced by ET-1 and EGF were additive, these mitogens may stimulate K(+) channel activity through different signaling pathways linked to their cognate receptors.
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PMID:Modulation of rabbit corneal epithelial cell proliferation by growth factor-regulated K(+) channel activity. 1472 55

This study was undertaken to systematically examine effects of different donor cells and passages on the development of nuclear transfer porcine embryos, so as to establish a preliminary procedure for porcine cloning. Porcine oocytes obtained from ovaries at slaughter were matured in vitro for 40-44h and then enucleated in manipulation medium containing 5 microg/mL cytochalasin B. Fibroblast cells (FC), oviduct epithelial cells (OEC), granulosa cells (GC) and cumulus cells(CC) after 3-9 passages in TCM + 10% FBS were treated by serum starvation (0.5% FBS for 2-9 days), 0.1 microg/mL aphidiconlin (APD) for 1 day and 0.5% FBS for 2-9 days or continue culturing in 10% FBS for 2-9 days, then, were transferred into enucleated oocytes by microinjection or electronic fusion (100 V/mm, 30 micros and 1 pulses). Reconstituted embryos were activated with a combination of calcium ionophore A23187 or electric pulse and 6-DMAP, and cultured for 6 days, to evaluate their cleavage and embryonic development. The cleavage rate of embryos reconstructed with FC and GC pretreated with 0.1 microg/mL APD + 0.5% FBS were significantly higher than that of serum starvation group and control group (P<0.01). There was significantly difference in the cleavage rate and embryonic development among embryos derived from GC, CC and FC, OEC pretreated with 0.1 microg/mL APD + 0.5% FBS. The cleavage rate of embryos reconstructed with GC by electrofusion was significantly higher than that by microinjection (P<0.05), but no difference was found in their proportion developing to blastocysts. 75% to 85% of GC at 3 and 6 passages, and FC at 6 and 10 passages had normal karyotype, which did not show significant difference among them (P>0.05). When GC at G3, G4, G5 and G6 of passages were used as donor cells, the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate was similar, moreover, FC at G6, G7, G8 and G9 of passages also resulted in a similar cleavage rate and blastocyst development. These results indicate that: (1) FC and GC can be cultured up to 9 passages and keep relatively stable karyotepe; (2) Using 0.1 microg/mL APD to treat donor cells prior to nuclear transfer can improve the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer in buffalo but serum starvation is inefficient in our system; (3) Both of FC and GC cells can be used as the donor karyoplasts for nuclear transfer, and their efficiency are not influenced by the culture passages; (4) The development of reconstructed embryos by electrofusion is higher than that by microinjection, but there is no difference in the total efficiency between the two methods.
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PMID:[Effects of different donor cells and passages on the development of nuclear transfer porcine embryos]. 1694 86

Interspecies cloning may be a useful method to help conserve endangered species and to study nuclear-cytoplasm interaction. The present study investigated in vitro development of goral (Naemorhedus goral) intergeneric nuclear transfer embryos produced by fusing goral fibroblasts with enucleated metaphase II (MII) bovine oocytes. After two to five passages, serum-starved or non-starved goral skin fibroblast cells were transferred into enucleated MII bovine oocytes. Couplets were electrically fused and chemically activated, and then cultured in either modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) or tissue culture medium-199 (TCM-199) supplemented with 10% FBS. Serum starvation of donor cells did not affect the fusion rate and or development to of cells to the two-cell stage, to more than 9-cells, or to morulae, regardless of culture medium. Three blastocysts from 202 fused embryos were obtained when embryos reconstructed with non- serum- starved donor cells were cultured in mSOF. However, no blastocysts were obtained when the embryos reconstructed with serum-starved donor cells were cultured in mSOF. The total cell number of goral intergeneric embryos averaged 130.3 (range 105-180). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that bovine oocytes can support blastocyst development after intergeneric SCNT with goral fibroblasts.
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PMID:Production of blastocysts after intergeneric nuclear transfer of goral (Naemorhedus goral) somatic cells into bovine oocytes. 1714 73

This study was undertaken to systematically examine the effects of different donor cells and numbers of passages on the development of nuclear-transferred porcine embryos, so as to establish a preliminary procedure for porcine cloning. Porcine oocytes obtained at slaughter were matured in vitro for 40-44 h and then enucleated in manipulation medium containing 5 micro g/mL cytochalasin B. Fibroblast cells (FC), oviduct epithelial cells (OEC), granulosa cells (GC) and cumulus cells (CC) after 3-9 passages in 10% FBS-supplemented culture medium were either treated by serum starvation (0.5% FBS for 2-9 days), 0.1 micro g/mL aphidiconlin (APD) for 1 day and 0.5% FBS for 2-9 days or left untreated in complete medium for 2-9 days. They were transferred into enucleated oocytes by microinjection or electric fusion (100 V/mm, 30 ms and 1 pulse). Reconstituted embryos were activated with a combination of calcium ionophore A23187 or electric pulse and 6-DMAP, and cultured for 6 days, to evaluate their cleavage and embryonic development. The cleavage rate of embryos reconstructed with FC and GC pretreated with 0.1 micro g/mL APD + 0.5% FBS were significantly higher than that of serum starvation group and control group (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the cleavage rate and embryonic development among embryos derived from GC, CC and FC, OEC pretreated with 0.1 micro g/mL APD + 0.5% FBS. The cleavage rate of embryos reconstructed with GC by electrofusion was significantly higher than that by microinjection (P<0.05), but no difference was found in the proportion of embryos that developed to blastocysts. About 75% to 85% of GC at 3 and 6 passages, and FC at 6 and 10 passages had a normal karyotype, and resulted in similar cleavage rate and blastocyst development. These results indicate that: (1) FC and GC can be cultured up to 9 passages and maintain a relatively stable karyotype; (2) Treatment of donor cells with 0.1 micro g/mL APD prior to nuclear transfer can improve the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer in buffalo but serum starvation is inefficient in our system; (3) Both FC and GC cells can be used as the donor karyoplasts for nuclear transfer, and their efficiency is not influenced by the culture passages. (4) The development of reconstructed embryos by electrofusion is higher than that by microinjection, but there is no difference in the overall efficiency between the two methods.
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PMID:[Effects of different donor cells on the development of nuclear-transferred porcine embryos]. 1736 79


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