Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been implicated as an important modulator of arousal state in mammals. Changes in the content of TRH in several brain regions accompany hibernation in the ground squirrel. In the present study, the involvement of TRH in the regulation of arousal was further investigated in the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens, which contain high concentrations of TRH throughout its central nervous system and enter a hibernation-like state, estivation. Lungfish were divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed normally, group 2 was starved while aquatic, and group 3 was allowed to enter into a state of estivation. After 3 months, the lungfish were sacrificed and the concentrations of TRH, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin were determined in the telencephalon, diencephalon, medulla, and spinal cord. In estivation, there was a significant decline in the concentration of TRH in the diencephalon, with no alteration in other regions. Starvation had no effect on regional TRH concentrations. The concentration of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin did not change in estivation; however, a significant elevation of norepinephrine in the diencephalon and dopamine in the telencephalon was observed in starvation. Starvation and estivation were associated with significant declines in the protein content of the diencephalon and medulla. The estivation-linked decline in TRH in the diencephalon of the lungfish is similar to the decrease in TRH content in the hypothalamus in hibernating ground squirrels. These findings lend further support to the importance of TRH in the regulation of arousal state.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1990 Mar
PMID:Reduction of thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in central nervous system of African lungfish during estivation. 211 Sep 19

Protein antigen b (Pab) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has previously attracted interest because of its immunological and diagnostic relevance. In this study we present evidence that Pab possesses a signal sequence and is secreted from the cytoplasm of M. tuberculosis. The synthesis of Pab is enhanced under phosphate starvation indicating that the protein is involved in phosphate metabolism in M. tuberculosis.
J Gen Microbiol 1990 Mar
PMID:Evidence that protein antigen b of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is involved in phosphate metabolism. 211 64

Starvation of a mid-log-phase culture of Escherichia coli B/r for nitrogen, phosphate, or carbon resulted in methylation of a membrane-associated protein of about 43,000 daltons (P-43) in the presence of chloramphenicol and [methyl-3H]methionine. The in vivo methylation reaction occurred with a doubling time of 2 to 5 min and was followed by a slower demethylation process. Addition of the missing nutrient to a starving culture immediately prevented further methylation of P-43. P-43 methylation is not related to the methylated chemotaxis proteins because P-43 is methylated in response to a different spectrum of nutrients and because P-43 is methylated on lysine residues. The characteristics of P-43 are similar to those of a methylated protein previously described in Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis (R. W. Bernlohr, A. L. Saha, C. C. Young, B. R. Toth, and K. J. Golden, J. Bacteriol. 170:4113-4118, 1988; K. J. Golden and R. W. Bernlohr, Mol. Gen. Genet. 220:1-7, 1989) and are consistent with the proposal that methylation of this protein functions in nutrient sensing.
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PMID:Nutrient-dependent methylation of a membrane-associated protein of Escherichia coli. 220 42

WHI2 mRNA levels were followed through the growth cycle in WHI2 mutant and wild-type cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Levels were high during the first (glucose) phase of growth, and were reduced sharply during the second (ethanol) phase of growth. Transcript levels of the glycolytic genes PDC1 and PYK1 were also measured; they each showed a pattern similar to that of WHI2, whereas transcript levels of the CDC7 gene remained constant throughout the cycle, showing that a decrease in transcription is not a general feature of genes. These results make it unlikely that the WHI2 product acts as an inhibitor of cell proliferation which is activated upon carbon starvation. No difference was observed between the pattern of expression of mutant and wild-type strains, showing that the mutant phenotype was not the result of a change in regulation at the transcriptional level.
J Gen Microbiol 1990 Apr
PMID:Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae WHI2 gene. 220 79

Starving cells of Candida albicans synthesize at least seven proteins that represent nutritional-stress proteins (NSP). Such NSPs are formed by both germination-competent and germination-deficient strains of C. albicans. Heat-shock proteins (HSP) are not formed by starving cells. Germination-competent cells synthesize specific sets of proteins when incubated in a starvation medium that contains the germ-tube-inducing substances N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or L-proline. Both sets of induced proteins were also synthesized by a germination-deficient strain of C. albicans.
J Gen Microbiol 1990 Jul
PMID:Nutritional stress proteins in Candida albicans. 223 Jul 22

Transcription of the ARG4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by general control of amino acid biosynthesis but not by a specific regulatory mechanism. Three deletion mutants (delta I, delta II, delta III) successively removing DNA sequences upstream from the coding sequence have been phenotypically analyzed after insertion into a single copy plasmid. As expected, delta I, which lacks the sequences upstream to -155, including the two putative upstream activation sequences (UAS), was unable to derepress argininosuccinate lyase biosynthesis under conditions of amino acid starvation. In delta II (deleted up to -126) the enzyme activity was very low and cells harbouring this allele were arginine dependent. These drastic phenotypic changes can be attributed to the loss of 12 out of 14 dA residues from positions -124 to -137. This poly (dAdT) sequence most likely serves as an upstream promoter element for constitutive expression of ARG4. The delta III deletion removes all 5' sequences including the putative TATA box. This inactive allele has been successfully used for selecting yeast promoters of unknown origin.
Mol Gen Genet 1990 Sep
PMID:Deletion analysis of the ARG4 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a poly(dAdT) stretch involved in gene transcription. 227 87

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been purified from chicken serum and sequenced. The peptide has eight amino acid substitutions when compared with human IGF-I: serine26, leucine38, histidine39, histidine40, lysine41, glutamine50, isoleucine64, and proline67. Chicken IGF-I (cIGF-I) has been measured using a radioimmunoassay with a human IGF-I (hIGF-I) standard and an antibody raised against hIGF-I. In this assay the cross-reactivity of cIGF-I was approximately 50% with respect to hIGF-I and the cross-reactivity of chicken IGF-II was 1.7% with respect to chicken IGF-I. To determine whether binding proteins in chicken plasma can artifactually interfere with IGF-I measurements as they do in mammals, chicken plasma was fractionated by molecular sieve chromatography at acid pH. When the fractions corresponding to the binding protein region were included in the IGF-I radioimmunoassay, essentially no apparent IGF-I was detected, indicating that the binding proteins did not interfere. This result, together with the finding that IGF-I in acid-ethanol extracts of chicken plasma produced parallel dose-response curves to pure cIGF-I and hIGF-I, allows the reliable measurement of cIGF-I in such extracts. The concentrations of IGF-I in plasma from male birds increased two- to threefold between 1 and 7 weeks after hatching to achieve 30-45 ng/ml. Smaller increases were found in female chickens from a higher value at 1 week. No diurnal pattern of IGF-I levels could be detected. In 4-week-old birds, the plasma concentration of the peptide fell from nearly 40 to 15 ng/ml after 24 hr of starvation and to 9 ng/ml 20 hr later. These effects are very similar to those described for mammals and strongly suggest that the regulation of IGF-I is conserved during evolution, notwithstanding the lower plasma concentrations of the growth factor in chickens.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1990 Sep
PMID:Chicken insulin-like growth factor-I: amino acid sequence, radioimmunoassay, and plasma levels between strains and during growth. 227 67

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae starvation for a single amino acid activates the transcription of a set of genes belonging to different amino acid biosynthetic pathways (General Control, GC). We show that mutants affected in GC regulation are also affected in their response to thermal stress. Moreover, growth conditions that are known to induce heat shock proteins induce the GC response. However, unlike heat shock proteins, the transcriptional activator of GC, GCN4, is not induced after a short exposure to heat, and in gcn mutant strains induction of heat resistance is normal.
Mol Gen Genet 1990 Nov
PMID:Induction of "General Control" and thermotolerance in cdc mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 227 43

During the years of 1981 and 1982, 89 former prisoners of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp responded to questionnaires on mussulmen-prisoners in the extreme phase of starvation disease. In this article, I describe the origin of the term "mussulman," mussulmens' somatic and mental state, their behavior and camp customs. Prisoners characterized as mussulmen remain between life and death, without expressing emotional reactions and defense mechanisms apart from a hypersensibility to food-related stimuli. A mussulman was a product of the camp factory of death. A deep somatic and emotional stigma remains in those who survived the mussulmen state.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr 1990 Feb
PMID:Between life and death: experiences of concentration camp mussulmen during the holocaust. 232 15

Replication of the plasmid pBR322, and the accumulation and life time of its primer transcript, RNAII, and replication inhibitor, RNAI, were measured in an isogenic relA+/relA pair of E. coli strains during exponential growth, or following amino acid starvation, or during treatment with chloramphenicol. (1) The synthesis rates of RNAI and RNAII decreased during inhibition of protein synthesis in either strain, i.e. their promoters are not under stringent control; (2) during amino acid starvation, RNAI and RNAII lifetimes increased in complex, rel-dependent patterns; (3) the changes in RNAI and RNAII synthesis and accumulation had no immediate effect on the rate of plasmid replication; (4) continued plasmid replication requires a protein which is synthesized during amino acid deprivation or treatment with low concentrations of chloramphenicol in relA+, but not in relA bacteria.
Mol Gen Genet 1986 Apr
PMID:Effect of relA function on the replication of plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli. 242 47


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