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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An attempt was made to characterize the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata with reference to "normal" intra-specific variation, i.e., both inter- and intra-strain differences. Total protein concentration, per cent hemoglobin, pH, and osmolarity were studied. Seven geographic strains of B, glabrata were examined. In addition, observations were made on the hemolymph of Biomphalaria straminea, several strains of Helisoma caribaeum, and on B. glabrata subjected to infection with Schistosoma mansoni or to periods of starvation. Intra-strain differences in total protein concentration and total hemoglobin concentration in B. glabrata appeared to be more closely related with snail size than with absolute age. Inter-strain variation in B. glabrata was also noted, but the differences were of the same magnitude as those from intra-strain samples. Significant differences in total protein concentration were observed, however, between the means of similar size B. glabrata, B. straminea and H. caribaeum. The osmolatity of the hemolymph from different size B. glabrata was similar as were the osmolalities of the hemolymph from similar size snails of different strains. However, all B. glabrata strains exhibited hemolymph osmolalities lower than observed in strains of H. caribaeum. Infection with S. mansoni reduced the protein concentration of B. glabrata hemolymph. Differences were noted as early as 1.5-24 hr post-infection, with significant alterations occurring at about 11 days post-infection. To a lesser extent, starvation also depleted the protein content of the hemolymph.
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PMID:Intraspecific variations in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata, a snail host of Schistosoma mansoni. 0 98

Proteolytic activity has been measure in rat skeletal muscle by use of [14C]-hemoglobin as substrate. The activity of the alkaline proteinases increases during starvation and in diabetic state. In streptozotocin-diabetic animals the activity of alkaline proteases increases to 300% over a time of 21 days. Insulin treatment reverses the enhanced enzyme activity to normal level.
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PMID:Insulin effect on proteolytic activities in rat skeletal muscle. 2 34

The hemoglobin and hematocrit values studied in two years averaged 6.22 and 3.87 g/100 ml and 31.8 and 19.5 percent in female and male Rana tigrina respectively. The peak values in females and males are observed in May and June respectively. The breeding season is characterized by low hemoglobin and hematocrit values. The starvation upto 28 days is observed to cause a decrease in hemoglobin level.
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PMID:Hematology of the common Indian frog Rana tigrina. III. Hemoglobin and hematocrit. 64 26

There is considerable interest in identifying nontoxic differentiation inducers for the treatment of various malignant and nonmalignant blood disorders, including inborn beta-chain hemoglobinopathies. Using the human leukemic K562 cell line as a model, we explored the efficacy of phenylacetate, an amino acid derivative with a low toxicity index when administered to humans. Treatment of K562 cultures with pharmacologically attainable concentrations of phenylacetate resulted in erythroid differentiation, evident by the reduced growth rate and increased hemoglobin production. The effect was time- and dose-dependent, further augmented by glutamine starvation (phenylacetate is known to deplete circulating glutamine in vivo), and reversible upon cessation of treatment. Molecular analysis showed that phenylacetate induced gamma globin gene expression with subsequent accumulation of the fetal form of hemoglobin (HbF). Interestingly, the addition of phenylacetate to antitumor agents of clinical interest, eg, hydroxyurea and 5-azacytidine, caused superinduction of HbF biosynthesis. The results suggest that phenylacetate, used alone or in combination with other drugs, might offer a safe and effective new approach to treatment of some hematopoietic neoplasms and severe hemoglobinopathies.
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PMID:Induction of erythroid differentiation and fetal hemoglobin production in human leukemic cells treated with phenylacetate. 138 30

O. mossambicus was exposed to sublethal concentrations of a textile mill effluent to study the hematological changes as a function of feeding/starvation, aeration/non-aeration and concentration. Increase in concentration produced a dose dependent increase in RBCs (0.87 x 10(6) to 1.63 x 10(6)/mm3), WBCs (0.070 x 10(6) to 0.520 x 10(6)/mm3), hemoglobin (3.7 to 5.6%) and hematocrit (9.0 to 12.3%) and a decrease in MCV (111.8 to 88.2 microns 3), MCHC (41.05 to 31.35%) and MCH (44.2 to 33.9 pg).
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PMID:Hematological effects of textile mill effluent on freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Trewaves). 259 60

Starved animals having low levels of erythropoietin in blood showed increased MDA, fluorescent pigments, and met-Hb values whereas the hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly on starvation. In vivo and in vitro studies with Ep reversed the effects of starvation and brought these values close to normal. The activities of the enzymes (SOD, catalase, GSH-PX, GR G6PD, and 6PGD) which protect the RBC membrane directly or indirectly from peroxidative threat, decreased on starvation and restored to normal levels after Ep treatment.
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PMID:Effect of erythropoietin on membrane lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase of rat RBC. 321 32

The relative affinities and maximum capacities of the classes of L-thyroxine (T4)- and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)-binding sites in plasma of three species of salmonid teleost fish were determined by saturation analysis on miniature Sephadex G-25 columns at 20-21 degrees and kinetic data were analyzed by the multiligand, multisite LIGAND computer program. In plasma of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) homologous ligand displacement indicated that both thyroid hormones (TH) bound to a minimum of two classes of saturable sites and at least one nonsaturable site. For T4 (n = 13) the relative site affinities were 0.61 +/- 0.08 (SEM) X 10(7) M-1 and 0.86 +/- 0.11 X 10(5) M-1 and the site capacities were 8.3 +/- 1.16 X 10(-7) M and 5.15 +/- 1.34 X 10(-5) M, respectively; for T3 (n = 14) the relative site affinities were 1.8 +/- 0.16 X 10(7) M-1 and 1.7 +/- 0.17 X 10(5) M-1 and the site capacities were 7.8 +/- 1.3 X 10(-7) M, respectively. The greater affinities of T3 than T4 for plasma binding sites would explain the lower proportion of free T3 than free T4 in trout plasma. Two-site models with comparable values for TH-binding parameters were determined for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). The TH-binding parameters were uninfluenced by severe hemoglobin contamination of plasma, bleeding of fish 24 hr previously, or 2 weeks starvation. Heterologous ligand displacement (T4 displaced by T3 or T3 displaced by T4) on rainbow trout plasma suggested two low-affinity, high-capacity sites, one binding predominantly T4 and one binding predominantly T3: a high-affinity, low-capacity site binding T3 exclusively: and a high-affinity, low-capacity site binding T4 predominantly but also binding T3 with low affinity.
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PMID:Kinetics of T4 and T3 binding to plasma sites in salmonid teleost fish. 381 50

Male rats were fed a selenium-deficient Torula yeast diet with or without 0.2 ppm selenium (as sodium selenite) in the drinking water. Selenium deficiency caused a significant increase of urinary acetoacetate excretion in fed rats, and 24 or 48 hours of starvation enhanced this effect. Two days of selenium supplementation decreased the amount of urinary acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate to 50% of the deficiency value, indicating an enzymatic impairment in the selenium-deficient rat. No selenium-dependent effect was found for the following: (1) urinary pH, amount of nitrite, glucose (negative), hemoglobin or protein, and the urine was negative for phenylketones; (2) blood content of glucose, acetoacetate, or 3-hydroxybutyrate; or (3) liver content of glycogen, glucose, acetoacetate, or 3-hydroxybutyrate. On the other hand, the liver content of triglycerides was significantly lower in selenium deficiency. Indications for a higher content of ketone bodies (acetoacetate plus 3-hydroxybutyrate) in the kidneys from selenium-deficient rats were found. The increased urinary excretion of ketone bodies on selenium deficiency may indicate an impairment of lipid and ketone body turnover (in the kidney), or a decreased kidney reabsorption rate. Possible implications of these results in connection with protective roles of selenium in atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis are suggested.
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PMID:Impaired ketone body metabolism in the selenium deficient rat. Possible implications. 405 13

The beta chain of rabbit (Oryctolagus caniculus) hemoglobin has previously been reported to contain a single residue of isoleucine at beta(112). We have detected other rabbits with either zero isoleucyl residues or half a residue per beta chain. This character is polymorphic and inherited as a simple mendelian autosomal codominant.-Normally the modal number of ribosomes per polyribosome is 4 to 6 in reticulocyte lysates; but incubation of rabbit reticulocytes prior to lysis with L-o-methylthreonine (OMT), an isostere of isoleucine, leads to a bimodal distribution in lysates with 2-3 and 8-12 ribosomes as modes. This alteration has been attributed to ribosomal traffic jams caused by starvation for ile-tRNA at mRNA codons corresponding to the locations of isoleucyl residues at positions alpha(10), alpha(17), alpha(55) and beta(112). We have confirmed this interpretation by incubating OMT with reticulocytes from rabbits with integral, half integral and nil values for isoleucyl residues per beta chain to show that formation of the larger clusters of polyribosomes requires that beta(112) = ile.
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PMID:An electrophoretically silent polymorphism for the beta chains of rabbit hemoglobin and associated polyribosome patterns. 481 67

Protein synthetic rates were measured in tissues of Notothenia corriceps, N. gibberifrons and Chaenocephalus aceratus in vivo at 2 degrees C by a method in which high doses of 14C-phenylalanine are used for stabilization of specific radioactivity. Rates in N. coriiceps, as per cent of tissue protein synthesized per day, were: liver 10.4, head kidney 3.5, testis 2.6, spleen 2.1, kidney 1.9, gill 1.6, heart 1.4, pectoral muscle 1.0, epaxial muscle 0.37, brain 0.42. With the exception of liver and head kidney (9.8 and 3.4, respectively) all rates in the icefish C. aceratus were significantly reduced compared to the nototheniids, consistent with the dependence of protein synthesis on oxidative metabolism. Icefish lack hemoglobin in the blood. The effects of two-week starvation were tissue-specific. Rates declined markedly in pectoral and epaxial muscle, were unchanged in liver, kidney, brain, heart and testis, and were increased in gill and head kidney. The results are discussed in relation to cold adaptation of Antarctic fishes and to the adaptation of metabolism required during non-feeding periods and for species which lack an oxygen-binding pigment in their blood.
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PMID:A comparative study of protein synthesis in nototheniids and icefish at Palmer Station, Antarctica. 664 Nov 75


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