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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The oscillations of the free fatty acid concentration in the serum and white (epididymal) adipose tissue, of triglycerides in the serum and liver, of total serum, liver and adrenal cholesterol and of serum phospholipids were studied at 3-hour intervals for a period of 24 hours in fed male Wistar rats and in animals fasted for 24 hours (both adapted to an illumination regimen of 12 hours' light and 12 hours' darkness. The rhythm--studied by means of the cosinor analysis--was present in most of the given parameters; it was not recorded in the liver triglycerides and serum phospholipids of fasted rats and in the adrenal cholesterol of fed animals. Apart from the circadian rhythm, many parameters distinctly displayed an ultradian rhythm, mainly an approximately 12-hour period. In general, one day's starvation did not significantly affect the course of the circadian oscillations of the given indicators of rat lipid metabolism.
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PMID:Circadian rhythm of serum and tissue lipids in fed and fasted rats. 645 81

Adult male rats were maintained on the following dietary regimes: full-fed for 28 days (controls); full-fed 21 days followed by no feed for seven days (acutely starved); no feed for seven days followed by 1/4 feed for 14 days (chronically starved); no feed for seven days, 1/4 of the normal diet for 1/4 days, and completes return of feed for seven days (refed). Serum testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured by radioimmunoassay and testicular delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity was measured by a pregnenolone depletion method. Prostate, seminal vesicles and seminal fluid weight, as well as number of epididymal spermatozoa were reduced in all starved groups. Serum androgens and testicular delta 5-3 beta-HSD activity were significantly reduced in acutely and chronically starved rats. After seven days of refeeding, serum levels of T, DHT, as well as testicular 3 beta-HSD activity rose to control values. In addition, the accessory organ weights and number of epididymal spermatozoa followed a similar pattern. These data provide further evidence that starvation results in impaired testicular function which is reversed by refeeding.
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PMID:Effects of starvation in rats on serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and testicular 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. 694 20

Young rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters were decreased in body weight by 39, 45, 34, and 35%, respectively, by a total deprivation of food for 3, 15, 4, and 4.5 days, respectively. The weight of the heart, liver, and kidneys from each of the four species (with the excepetion of the kidneys from the guinea pig) decreased significantly in the starved animals. After starvation in all four species, 0 to 15% of the original weight of the epididymal and perirenal fat pads remained. The effect of total starvation on the weight of skeletal muscles differed for the same muscle in different species and among the three muscles studied within a species. Starvation caused weight losses in the following muscles from the rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and hamster, respectively: soleus, 15, 8, 14, and 30% plantaris, 23, 54, 41 and 24%; biceps brachii, 27, 52, 42, and 29%. The significant loss of weight in the plantaris and biceps brachii muscles from rabbits and guinea pigs were caused by large decreases in the diameter of the fibers, with no change in the number of fibers. Soleus and plantaris muscles from hamsters decreased in weight by a reduction in fiber diameters but no change in the number of fibers; the weight of biceps brachii decreased by a reduction in fiber number only. A reduction in the number of fibers occurred in all muscles from starved rats; the diameter of the fibers was reduced in the plantaris and biceps brachii muscles. No structural damage to the fibers due to starvation was observed under the light microscope in any muscle from the four species.
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PMID:Effect of starvation on tissues from the young of four species, with emphasis on the number and diameter of skeletal muscular fibers. 725 38

1. All food was withdrawn from male weanling rats until a 40% loss of body-weight was attained. Another group of animals was treated similarly and then refed a stock diet until the original body-weight was attained. 2. The body-weight loss caused a significant reduction in the weight of the heart, kidney, liver and epididymal fat pads. Refeeding produced a return to the control weight of the heart and kidney, an increase in the weight of the liver and a deficit in the weight of the epididymal fat pads. 3. Body-weight loss caused a decrease in the weight of the three different muscles studied, and in the number and diameter of the fibres in each muscle. Refeeding restored the weight and cellularity of two of the three muscles to that of the control animals. The soleus muscle was heavier in the refed animals when compared to controls due to an increased fibre diameter. 4. It is concluded that the decrease in the number and diameter of muscle fibres during starvation in the rat can be restored on refeeding a stock diet.
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PMID:Changes in skeletal muscle cellularity in starved and refed young rats. 742 7

1. Adipocytes isolated from epididymal adipose tissue of fed or 24 h-starved rats were incubated with a range of glucagon concentrations in the presence and absence of adenosine deaminase (4 munits/ml). 2. With adenosine deaminase present, the lipolytic response to low concentrations of glucagon (1-6 ng/ml) was considerably enhanced in cells from starved rats. 3. The effect of adenosine deaminase on basal lipolysis was altered after starvation. 4. D-3-Hydroxybutyrate (5 mM) decreased the sensitivity of lipolysis to glucagon. 5. The possible involvement of glucagon-stimulated lipolysis in the regulation of ketogenesis is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Altered lipolytic response to glucagon and adenosine deaminase in adipocytes from starved rats. 747 32

The ob gene mRNA expression in rat brown adipose tissue (BAT) and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) was measured on Northern blots hybridized with a rat ob gene probe. The level of ob gene mRNA in BAT was about 40% of that in WAT. Fasting (36 h) or semi-starvation (10 days) decreased the ob gene mRNA level in both tissues by 62-68%, and cold exposure at 6 degrees C (24 h) decreased it in BAT (-84%) but not in WAT. Acute administration of the beta 3-adrenergic agonist Ro 16-8714 decreased the ob gene mRNA level in BAT (-51%) and WAT (-28%) of lean Zucker rats and only in BAT (-74%) of obese falfa rats. This study demonstrates that, in the rat, the ob gene is not only expressed in WAT but also in BAT, and suggests that in these two tissues, the modulation of the ob gene expression might be more closely associated with known alterations in cell lipid content than with changes in sympathetic activity.
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PMID:Modulation of obese gene expression in rat brown and white adipose tissues. 758 51

Insulin action is subject to regulation at the level of the insulin receptor and at postreceptor levels. Starvation and diabetes are often associated with insulin resistance for glucose metabolism in various tissues. In muscle, fat, and liver, we examined whether changes in the functionality of the insulin receptor correlated with changes in insulin action in the starved and diabetic state. Insulin-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation reflects an early physiologic step in transmission of the insulin signal, and for that reason, changes in autophosphorylation activity of the insulin receptor were used as a marker to determine the functionality of the insulin receptor. Glycoprotein fractions prepared from skeletal muscle, diaphragm, epididymal fat, and liver of control, 3-day starved, short-term 3-day (S) diabetic (streptozotocin, 70 mg/kg intravenously), and long-term 6-month (L) diabetic (neonatal streptozotocin 100 micrograms/g intraperitoneally) rats were used in this study. Receptor activity was monitored by measuring insulin-stimulated [gamma-32P]adenosine triphosphate (ATP) receptor autophosphorylation. In addition, to obtain information about whether changes in receptor autophosphorylation are related to changes in receptor number, relative numbers of high-affinity insulin receptors were determined by affinity cross-linking of [125I]insulin to the receptor alpha-chain and quantitation of the yield of labeled receptor alpha-chain. Control, starved, S diabetic, and L diabetic rats had plasma insulin and glucose levels of 294 +/- 42, 90 +/- 24, 48 +/- 12, and 216 +/- 30 pmol/L and 6.7 +/- 0.2, 4.1 +/- 0.2, 23.3 +/- 0.7, and 21.6 +/- 2.9 mmol/L, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Tissue-related changes in insulin receptor number and autophosphorylation induced by starvation and diabetes in rats. 788 72

We have previously shown that the effects of a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet and 24-h starvation on fatty acid synthesis in rats are tissue specific. In the present study we examine the tissue-specific pretranslational effects of high carbohydrate feeding, starvation and refeeding a high carbohydrate diet after starvation on the lipogenic pathway by measuring the levels of mRNA encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) using Northern analysis. Additionally, we measured mRNA S14, a sequence tightly associated with lipogenesis. In rats fed the high carbohydrate diet, hepatic levels of the three mRNA were 3-5 fold higher than in controls. The level of S14 mRNA was doubled in epididymal fat, but other effects of this diet in adipose tissues were not significant. Expression in kidney, heart, lung and brain was not altered. Starvation significantly reduced the level of these mRNA in all tissues examined except brain. In liver, refeeding the high carbohydrate diet induced the expression of ACC, FAS and S14 mRNA 20-30 fold compared with the values found in 48-h starved animals. Hyperinduction of ACC and FAS, but not S14 mRNA expression was also observed in adipose tissues. The tissue-specific nature of these effects is consistent with previous measurements of fatty acid synthesis and confirm that this regulation occurs at the pretranslational level.
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PMID:High carbohydrate diet and starvation regulate lipogenic mRNA in rats in a tissue-specific manner. 859 45

The time courses of gene expression, and the nutritional regulation of gene expression of lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, ATP citrate-lyase, malic enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in epididymal adipose tissue after refeeding food-deprived rats have been investigated and compared with those in liver (previously reported). The mRNA concentrations of lipogenic enzymes reached maximum levels at 24 h after the refeeding in adipose tissue and at 8-16 h in liver, while the enzyme induction reached maximum at 48-72 h in both tissues. Moreover, the mRNAs were more strongly induced in adipose tissue than in liver, whereas the enzyme induction (except malic enzyme) was lower. In adipose tissue of rats fed a carbohydrate diet without protein, the mRNA concentrations of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP-citrate lyase, malic enzyme, and fatty acid synthase reached comparable levels to those of the carbohydrate/protein diet group. The protein feeding increased the enzyme induction in adipose tissue. As regards reduction of gene expression, lipogenic enzyme mRNA concentrations were not so markedly reduced by starvation or polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue as in liver. The differences in regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression and induction between adipose tissue and liver can be ascribed to tissue specificity.
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PMID:Nutritional regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression in rat epididymal adipose tissue. 888 6

The effect of multiple cycles of starvation-refeeding on rat body weight and on plasma lipid concentration was studied. After 1 cycle of starvation-refeeding, the rat body weight did not change significantly; however the postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentration decreased approximately 2-fold as compared to rats fed ad libitum. After 8 cycles of starvation-refeeding, both rat body weight and plasma triacylglycerols concentration decreased. In contrast, the plasma cholesterol (both total and HDL cholesterol) concentration did not change appreciably either after 1 or 8 cycles of starvation-refeeding as compared to control. Although the postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentration decreased in both groups (i.e. after 1 and 8 cycles of starvation-refeeding), this phenomenon appears to last longer after 8 cycles of starvation-refeeding. The epididymal white adipose tissue weight decreased after both 1 and 8 cycles of starvation-refeeding. After 1 cycle of starvation-refeeding followed by 3, 6 and 9 days of ad libitum feeding, the epididymal white adipose tissue weight increased progressively, reaching the control value at day 9. In contrast, after 8 cycles of starvation-refeeding followed by 9 days of ad libitum feeding, the epididymal white adipose tissue weight did not reach the control value. These results suggest that dieting is associated with body and adipose tissue weight loss as well as with the decrease of plasma triacylglycerol concentration. Furthermore, our results suggest that better maintenance of low adipose tissue weight and low plasma triacylglycerol concentration may be achieved after multiple cycles of starvation-refeeding.
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PMID:The decrease of rat postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentration after multiple cycles of starvation-refeeding. 1128 Jul 11


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