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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma-secretin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay during a 72-hour starvation period in nine healthy subjects. Immunoreactive secretin (I.R.S.) levels rose dramatically during starvation. The rises were several orders of magnitude greater than those after intraduodenal acid. The classic concept that the major function of secretin is the control of the exocrine pancreas is challenged by these results. The findings suggest that secretin is a hormone of importance during starvation, and its role in starvation may be related to its lipolytic properties.
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PMID:Secretin: A new role for an old hormone. 5 60

The responses of plasma gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) hormones and free fatty acids (FFA) to a standard mixed meal before and after starvation have been measured. Raised insulin, glucose and FFA levels were found following refeeding after starvation and levels of secretin and C-terminal glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (C-GLI), raised by starvation, were rapidly suppressed on refeeding. The responses of gastrin and N-terminal glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (N-GLI) to a standard mixed meal were not altered by starvation. Although this study does not directly support that secretin and glucagon are responsible for the hyperglycaemia or hyperinsulinaemia of starvation diabetes, a role for both hormones in the raised FFA levels is proposed, as well as a role for glucagon in the initial hyperglycaemic response to a meal after starvation.
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PMID:The gastro-entero-pancreatic hormone secretion after a mixed meal in normal subjects before and after a 72 hour period of starvation. 44 30

The effect of food on circulating levels of secretin, measured by radioimmunoassay, was studied in 7 dogs. Significant postprandial increases in secretin were found in portal and peripheral plasma of dogs fasted for 18 h. Basal levels of secretin were significantly lower in dogs fasted for 72 h when compared with dogs after an 18-hour fast. After the prolonged fast, food caused a significant release of secretin, measured peripherally. We conclude that secretin is released by a physiologic stimulus (food) and that circulating levels of secretin are depressed after prolonged starvation.
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PMID:Physiologic release of secretin measured in peripheral and portal venous blood of dogs. 71 Jul 36

Plasma lipid and hormone levels have been measured during 72 hours total starvation in nine healthy subjects, to assess the relative importance of hormones and substrates in human triglyceride metabolism. Plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations rose steadily on each day of starvation. Plasma triglyceride concentrations rose on the second and third days, from a control level of 649 +/- 67 mg/1 to a maximum of 1001 +/- 66 mg/1. Plasma cholesterol concentrations remained unchanged while glucose concentrations fell and insulin did not change. Plasma glucagon (C-GLI) levels doubled while secretin levels, reported previously, rose threefold. It is suggested that during acute starvation the rise in triglyceride concentration results from the increased availability of free fatty acids, and that elevated secretin and glucagon levels enhance lipolysis and hence provide substrates for triglyceride synthesis.
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PMID:Triglyceride metabolism in acute starvation: the role of secretin and glucagon. 126 85

The concentrations of secretin and somatostatin in plasma were measured in 10 healthy subjects during a 4-day fast. The fast induced increased concentrations of plasma secretin (from 1.2 +/- 0.5 to 9.5 +/- 2.3 pmol/l) and somatostatin (from 5.2 +/- 1.5 to 8.6 +/- 1.7 pmol/l). Gastric aspiration for 1 h suppressed the high concentrations of secretin by 46% and somatostatin by 27%. The intravenous infusion of glucose reduced the plasma secretin even further by 88%; the decrease in somatostatin was not statistically significant. The study shows that gastric aspiration and/or glucose infusion suppressed the high plasma concentration of secretin and that factors other than hyperchlorhydria must be involved in the hypersecretinemia seen during starvation. The elevated plasma somatostatin concentration seen during starvation may be a consequence of increased acid secretion.
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PMID:The relationship of secretin and somatostatin levels in plasma to glucose administration and acid secretion during fasting. 288 43

Plasma secretin levels were measured during a 72-hour starvation period in dogs. Plasma secretin rose significantly and insulin levels fell significantly during starvation. Intravenous glucose loading at the end of the 72-hour starvation period suppressed plasma secretin and free fatty acid levels with a concomitant rise of glucose and insulin levels. These findings suggest that secretin might be regulated by plasma glucose and insulin levels and might play a role in lipolysis during starvation.
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PMID:The role of plasma secretin during starvation in dogs. 332 23

The effects of cimetidine on plasma secretin were studied during prolonged fasting in order to determine whether gastric acid output influences secretin release under these circumstances. Twenty healthy volunteers starved for 36 h and were refed with oral glucose. They were given placebo or cimetidine (1.6 g daily) for 24 h before and during the starvation period. After 12 h fasting plasma secretin like immunoreactivity (SLI) was lower (P less than 0.02) in the cimetidine group than in the placebo group. After 36 h plasma SLI was higher (P less than 0.001) in both groups compared to the 12 h value but there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Refeeding caused prompt suppression of plasma SLI in both groups. Plasma gastrin was lower (P less than 0.001) after 36 h than 12 h in the placebo group only, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Blood glycerol (P less than 0.01) and 3 hydroxybutyrate (P less than 0.02) concentrations were higher after 36 h than after 12 h fasting in both groups. During fasting, sufficient to cause mobilisation of fat and ketosis, cimetidine failed to suppress plasma SLI. This may be due to inadequate suppression of gastric acid output or to some alternative stimulus to secretin release during fasting.
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PMID:Cimetidine fails to suppress the rise in plasma secretin during fasting. 399 16

The influence of a short-term ischemia of the pancreas for the pathogenesis of a hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis was investigated in 28 mongrel dogs. Ischemia of the pancreas in 20 minute intervals repeated three times did not leave any macroscopic, histologic or electron microscopic changes and no alterations of the level of the alpha-amylase, the lipase, and the glucose in the serum. An ischemia of 20 minutes' duration by starvation of the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery produces a hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis under the precondition of a following pancreatic edema by ligature of the pancreatic duct and secretomotoring with secretin and pancreozymin. The necrosis starts histologically in the perilobular adipose and affects the parenchyma later. Whether the lipase is the starting enzyme for the acute pancreatitis or only conditions the early adipose necrosis should be discussed after these findings. Already a fugitive pancreatic edema produces a hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis after previous ischemic damage.
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PMID:[Animal experiment studies on the role of ischemia in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis]. 633 88

The effect of a prolonged 5-day fast on the blood concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin, human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP), gastrin, and group I pepsinogens (PG I) was studied in 11 healthy subjects. During the fast there was a marked increase in the concentrations of VIP, secretin, and hPP, whereas the rise in the concentrations of gastrin and PG I was less pronounced. Refeeding suppressed the increased concentration of VIP and caused elevated postprandial concentrations of secretin and hPP, whereas starvation did not influence the postprandial release of gastrin and PG I. The study shows that prolonged starvation has a pronounced effect on gut endocrine responses.
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PMID:The fasting levels and the postprandial response of gastroenteropancreatic hormones before and after prolonged fasting. 666 32

The plasma concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and secretin and the serum concentration of human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) were measured in nine healthy subjects during a 4-day fast. The fast induced a considerable increase in the concentrations of VIP and secretin but only a small increase in the concentration of hPP. The intravenous infusion of 50 g glucose and the oral ingestion of 50 g glucose temporarily suppressed the high concentrations of VIP and secretin. Conversely, hPP responded with a slight decrease in blood concentration after the intravenous infusion and with a modest increase after the oral ingestion. The study shows that glucose suppresses the high blood concentrations of VIP and secretin during starvation independent of the route of glucose administration. In addition, the results indicate that the blood concentration of hPP is not directly related to the blood glucose concentration during prolonged fasting.
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PMID:Responses of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, secretin, and human pancreatic polypeptide to glucose during fasting. 671 78


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