Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Members of the JNK pathway are organized together by virtue of interactions with JNK interacting protein 1 (JIP1), a scaffold protein. Here we have investigated the possibility that JIP1 may also affect the catalytic activity of Akt1, a serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in multiple cellular processes, including survival and proliferation. JIP1 expression enhanced Akt1 kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner following serum starvation in 293 cells. Cellular activation of Akt1 following stimulation with low concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) was elevated in the presence of JIP1. JIP1 expression also prolonged Akt1 stimulation after a short IGF-1 pulse. The mechanism of JIP1-mediated Akt1 activation involved JIP1 protein binding to the Akt1 pleckstrin homology domain, which in turn promoted the phosphorylation of the activation T-loop of Akt1 by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. These results suggest that, in certain cellular contexts, JIP1 may act as an Akt1 scaffold, which regulates the enzymatic activity of Akt1. This study also indicates that JIP1 expression can exert signaling effects independent of JNK activity.
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PMID:JNK-interacting protein 1 promotes Akt1 activation. 1278 73

Root samples of 'Sanhu' red tangerine trees infected with and without Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) were collected at 50 days post inoculation and subjected to RNA-sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to profile the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs), respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was subsequently used to confirm the expression of 16 selected DEGs. Results showed that a total of 3956 genes and 78 proteins were differentially regulated by HLB-infection. Among the most highly up-regulated DEPs were sperm specific protein 411, copper ion binding protein, germin-like proteins, subtilisin-like proteins and serine carboxypeptidase-like 40 proteins whose transcript levels were concomitantly up-regulated as shown by RNA-seq data. Comparison between our results and those of the previously reported showed that known HLB-modulated biological pathways including cell-wall modification, protease-involved protein degradation, carbohydrate metabolism, hormone synthesis and signaling, transcription activities, and stress responses were similarly regulated by HLB infection but different or root-specific changes did exist. The root unique changes included the down-regulation in genes of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway, secondary metabolism, cytochrome P450s, UDP-glucosyl transferases and pentatricopeptide repeat containing proteins. Notably, nutrient absorption was impaired by HLB-infection as the expression of the genes involved in Fe, Zn, N and P adsorption and transportation were significantly changed. HLB-infection induced some cellular defense responses but simultaneously reduced the biosynthesis of the three major classes of secondary metabolites, many of which are known to have anti-pathogen activities. Genes involved in callose deposition were up-regulated whereas those involved in callose degradation were also up-regulated, indicating that the sieve tube elements in roots were hanging on the balance of life and death at this stage. In addition, signs of carbohydrate starvation were already eminent in roots at this stage. Other interesting genes and pathways that were changed by HLB-infection were also discussed based on our findings.
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PMID:Comparative Transcriptome and iTRAQ Proteome Analyses of Citrus Root Responses to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Infection. 2604 30