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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in haematopoietic cells of bone marrow of rabbits was not affected during insular deficiency induced by starvation or alloxan diabetes as well as after intramuscular hydrocortisone administration. It is suggested that slight decrease in the activity of hexokinase detected during starvation and hydrocortisone administration might be accounted for by the presence of mature leukocytes in the population of isolated myelokaryocytes.
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PMID:[Activity of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in hemopoietic cells of the bone marrow in normal rabbits and after hydrocortisone administration during starvation and alloxan diabetes]. 531 22

Exo-(1----3)-beta-glucanase, beta-glucosidase, autolysin and trehalase were assayed in situ in Candida albicans during yeast growth, starvation and germ-tube formation. Cell viability, germ-tube formation, intracellular glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase were unaffected in cells incubated in 0.1 M-HC1 for 15 min at 4 degrees C. However, in situ trehalase, (1----3)-beta-glucanase and autolysin activities in acid-treated cells decreased by 95, 50 and 35% respectively, indicating that these enzymes are, in part, associated with the cell envelope. Trehalase activity increased throughout yeast growth and remained elevated during the first hour of incubation for germ-tube formation. All of the in situ trehalase activity in starved yeast cells could be measured without the permeabilizing treatment. beta-Glucosidase activity declined throughout yeast growth and did not alter during germ-tube formation. Both the (1----3)-beta-glucanase and autolysin activities were optimal at pH 5 X 6, inhibited by gluconolactone and HgCl2, and maximal at 15-16 h during yeast growth. Although autolysin activity increased by 50-100% when starved yeast cells were incubated for germ-tube formation, the in situ (1----3)-beta-glucanase remained constant. When acid-treated starved yeast cells were similarly induced, in situ (1----3)-beta-glucanase increased 100% over 3 h of germ-tube formation. Yeast cells secreted (1----3)-beta-glucanase into the growth medium. This was highest in early exponential phase cultures (34% of the maximum in situ activity) and declined throughout growth. (1----3)-beta-Glucanase was also secreted into the medium during germ-tube formation and this represented 80-100% of the in situ activity in germ-tube forming cells. Both secretion of (1----3)-beta-glucanase and germ-tube formation were inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose, ethidium bromide, trichodermin and azaserine.
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PMID:Exo-(1----3)-beta-glucanase, autolysin and trehalase activities during yeast growth and germ-tube formation in Candida albicans. 614 89

Male albino rats of the Wistar strain were deprived of food, but not water, and killed at various periods. Enzymes of the metabolism of carbohydrates were assayed in the submandibular salivary glands after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of starvation. The body weight loss was accompanied by a decrease in gland weight and gland protein content. Blood glucose fells to about 70% the control level. Hexokinase showed no variation with increasing periods of food deprivation. The decrease in the activity of phosphofructokinase was greater than that one observed for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicating a shift in glucose utilization by the cells, from the glycolytic to the pentose phosphate pathway.
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PMID:The effect of food deprivation on the activities of some enzymes of the metabolism of carbohydrates in the submandibular salivary glands of rats. 624 74

The interaction of glucocorticoid (GC) and thyroxine (T4) in the generation of the hepatic enzyme overshoot and lipid response to starvation-refeeding was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either left intact, or treated with propylthiouracil (PTU), or adrenalectomized (ADX), or ADX and/or PTU treated and treated with GC and/or T4. One-half of each of these treatment groups was fed a 65% glucose diet while the remaining rats were starved for 48 hours and refed the glucose diet for 48 hours. After decapitation, hepatic lipid and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity were determined. Rats treated with only PTU had less of an enzyme overshoot than nontreated rats, and the full overshoot response was restored with T4 treatment. ADX rats did not have the typical enzyme overshoot response to starvation-refeeding. However, ADX rats had their overshoot response restored with GC. PTU-treated ADX rats had more of an overshoot response than did ADX rats. When T4 was administered to PTU-treated ADX rats there was less of an enzyme overshoot; however, when both T4 and GC were administered to the PTU-treated ADX rats, the overshoot response was fully restored. The liver lipid response to starvation-refeeding followed a similar pattern except that in PTU-treated rats the liver lipid levels were significantly higher in the starved-refed rats than in the ad libitum-fed rats. These results indicate that T4 and GC play a role in the G6PD and liver lipid response to starvation-refeeding.
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PMID:Interaction of glucocorticoid and thyroxine in the responses of rats to starvation-refeeding. 663 44

The effects of trauma and/or starvation-refeeding on lipogenesis in rats was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to fracture of the right femur and either ad libitum fed or starved for 48 hours and refed a 65% glucose diet for 48 hours. Lipogenesis was assessed in terms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity or the incorporation of 3HOH into lipids by liver and adipose tissue. Traumatized rats differed little from control rats in their lipogenic activity, whereas starved-refed and starved-refed-traumatized rats had greatly increased lipogenic activities. These results suggest that the fatty liver that frequently develops as a consequence of trauma in humans may be due to their decreased food intake rather than to the trauma itself.
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PMID:Effects of bone fracture and starvation-refeeding on lipogenesis in rats. 686 31

The interacting effects of diet and glucocorticoid (GC) on the tritium incorporation into lipid and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in starved-refed rats was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intact, adrenalectomized (ADX), or ADX and given GC and fed either ad libitum or not fed for 48 hours amd refed either a 65% glucose diet, 65% sucrose diet, 65% starch diet, 65% protein diet or a 40% fat diet. No diet differences in rates of 3HOH incorporation into total lipids were observed in ad libitum-fed rats. ADX lowered lipogenesis and this effect was diet dependent. Sucrose-fed, glucose-fed and protein-fed ADX rats had lower rates of lipogenesis than their intact controls. Starvation-refeeding increased lipogenesis in all groups of intact rats except those fed the 40% fat diet. The magnitude of the response was diet dependent. Sucrose-fed rats had greater responses than fat-fed rats. The diet effect was dependent on the presence of the adrenals and GC. Thus, the large increase in liver lipid associated with starvation-refeeding is contingent on the composition of the diet and the presence of the adrenals.
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PMID:Effects of diet composition and adrenalectomy on the lipogenic responses of rats to starvation-refeeding. 706 47

Male inbred Fischer rats were fed a diet containing 5 p.p.m. aflatoxin for 1, 3, 4 1/2 and 6 weeks at which times groups were killed for histological and histochemical study. Aflatoxin produced a scattered individual cell necrosis of parenchymal cells by 1 week. At 3 weeks small basophilic proliferative foci were seen which increased in size and abundance to 6 weeks. These foci showed starvation-resistant glycogen, variable depletion of glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, aniline hydrogenase, membrane ATPase and acid phosphatase. At 6 weeks the foci showed the presence of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The basophilic foci were not preceded by other focal histological and histochemical change. The basophilic proliferative lesions are observed when an irreversible change has been induced in the liver. The role of such lesions in the histogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the early proliferative lesion induced in the rat liver by aflatoxin. 724 Dec 69

Liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49) and malic enzyme (ME, EC 1.1.1.40) activities were measured in rats that were starved for 2 days and then fed a high-glucose, adequate-protein diet for 3 days. During refeeding the rats were injected with thyroxine to block glycogen accumulations preceeding the enzyme "overshoot". The G6PD and ME "overshoot" at the end of refeeding was still evident in spite of a 90% reduction in the glycogen peak. The results showed that the glycogen accumulation prior to the enzyme "overshoot" was not obligatory to the subsequent rise in enzyme activity. The sequential accumulation/breakdown of liver glycogen (day 1 refeeding) followed by the accumulation of liver fat (day 2 of refeeding) are probably the result of the changes in enzymatic pathways available to deal with the inflow of excess glucose. Such dissociation of glycogen accumulation and G6PD and ME "overshoot" during starvation-refeeding makes it highly unlikely that either glucose or glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycogen would be the direct, primary inducer of G6PD or ME in rat liver.
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PMID:Induction of rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme during blockage of glycogen accumulation. 744 69

The great increase ("overshoot") in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in liver cytoplasm which follows the transfer of rats from starvation to a high sucrose diet has been recognized for a number of years. Also the fact that transferring fed rats to the high sucrose diet results only in a small increase in G6PD activity while transfer of "starved" rats to the high sucrose diet results in a 10 to 20-fold ("overshoot") increase in G6PD activity is equally recognized. This report demonstrates that the "overshoot" following 4 days without food is not due to an increase in food intake compared to the food intake of fed rats since pair-feeding during this refeeding at three different levels does not eliminate the effect of the prior fast.
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PMID:Pair-feeding in the dietary control of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 746 69

In the present study we observed that the cerebral glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of male garden lizards did not change appreciably during maturation but showed a significant rise between middle-aged and old-aged groups. Whereas cold stress (1 h at 0-4 degrees C) induced a significant increase in G6PDH activity of young animals, it caused a decrease in both middle-aged and old lizards. This decrease was more severe in the old group than in the middle-aged group. Another form of stress, 72 hours of starvation, led to a significant increase in enzyme activity in young and in middle-aged lizards with young animals showing the greater effect. The old counter-parts showed a decrease in enzyme activity after starvation stress.
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PMID:Effect of cold stress and starvation on the cerebral glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of male garden lizards of three different age groups. 832 88


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