Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In bilaterally nephrectomized rats and in normal rats treated with 0.1 N HCl elevated levels of plasma total glycerol and lowered FFA and free glycerol are observed after a period of 25 h of starvation. In both cases the removal of intravenous lipid loads is slowed down, plasma LA is decreased after starvation and after lipid loads. The bicarbonate treatment of nephrectomized rats tends to normalize the plasma lipid levels and LA as well as the removal of intravenous lipid loads. The etiological importance of acidosis in uremic hypertriglyceridemia and possible clinical significance is pointed out.
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PMID:Lipid metabolism in uremic and nonuremic acidosis. 4 Nov 94

In contrast to wild rats the percentage of animals showing predatory behaviour is very low among laboratory rats. Stimulation of this specific drive by systemic drug application has been mentioned only for pCPA and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinole. As detailed investigations concerning this stimulating property of pCPA are not published, the effect was studied in selected non-biting rats (without starvation and isolation) regarding dose- and time-dependence after single and repeated drug administration; further, D- and L-isomers of pCPA were included in the investigation. After single oral application of 200 to 3200 mg/kg DL-pCPA a dose-dependent stimulation of predatory behaviour was found. Smaller doses (200 or 400 mg/kg p.o.) given repeatedly on 3 consecutive days showed effects comparable with those after single administration of much higher doses (1600 or 3200 mg/kg p.o.). With repeated oral application of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg on 10 consecutive days no difference was found between D- and L-pCPA concerning efficacy and time course of drug effect. Both after single and repeated administration in all series of tests the effect reached its maximum not before several days and faded almost completely in the drug-free after-period. D-methamphetamine HCl, investigated comparatively as a CNS stimulant, provoked no predatory behaviour in a wide dose-range (0.125 to 8.0 mg/kg p.o.) with repeated administration on 10 consecutive days. Within the control groups (total number of rats = 100) no animal showed predatory attach during an observation-period of at least 3 weeks.
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PMID:Stimulation of a specific drive (predatory behaviour) by p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) in the rat. 13 65

Metabolic acidosis immediately after surgical operation is followed by metabolic alkalosis. Hormonal change by surgical stress and anaerobic glucolysis due to tissue ischemia cause initial lactic acidosis. Later alkalosis may be caused by secondary aldosteronism and bicarbonate production from lactate and citrate supplied by massive infusion and transfusion. Postoperative complications, such as respiratory insufficiency, renal failure and hypovolemic or septic shock, cause acidosis. In the gastrointestinal surgery, acidosis can be caused by starvation and loss of bicarbonate contained in bile, pancreatic juice or intestinal fluid, and alkalosis can be caused by loss of HCl in gastric juice. Severe acidosis can be caused by extracorporeal circulation, hypothermia, low output syndrome or declamping shock in cardioaortic surgery.
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PMID:[Acid-base disturbances in surgical operation]. 143 18

Tetrahymena pyriformis was starved in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, at 28 degrees C. The number of cells did not change appreciably under the starvation conditions. Nuclear proteins of unstarved cells and cells starved for 1, 2, 4, and 7 d were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Most of the large amount of nonhistone proteins present in the unstarved cell nucleus disappeared with the starvation time. However, the relative amounts of the high mobility group protein and histones did not change appreciably. On the other hand, a protein with a molecular weight of ca. 16,000 gradually accumulated in the nucleus on starvation. This protein was extracted with 0.25 M HCl, but was not soluble in 0.5 M perchloric acid. The amino acid composition and molecular weight of this protein were similar to those of HMG protein LG-2 of T. thermophila. Some lysyl endopeptidase peptides of this protein were found to have amino acid sequences present in LG-2, thus we tentatively named it an LG-2-like protein.
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PMID:A protein that accumulates during starvation in Tetrahymena nuclei. 251 83

The presence of insulin-saturable binding sites in the rat testis have been demonstrated. Employing radioreceptor assay (RRA), the characteristics of insulin binding in both liver and testis of the normal (control) rats have been studied. Crude receptor binding at 37 degrees C after 18-20 hrs of incubation in Tris-HCl buffer at pH-7.5. The binding of 125I-insulin to liver and testis of the experimental rats, rendered diabetic for two months with single parenteral streptozotocin (STZ) administration (65 mg/Kg, BW, ip) was also studied. In the diabetic rats, the insulin binding in liver as compared to the control increased by over 92% (P 0.001); the increase in the binding of 125I-insulin to the testis of the diabetic rats however was not statistically significant. Similarly, insulin binding to the testis did not vary much after 3 days of starvation as against 84% (P 0.001) increase in the insulin binding to the liver of the fasted rats. These results suggest that testicular insulin receptors are similar to those of liver but may have a different physiological control.
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PMID:Characterization of specific insulin binding sites in rat testis following induced diabetes and experimental starvation. 267 23

Metabolic acidosis stimulates the rate of glutamine release from muscle, and this in turn is used by the kidney in acid-base balance. NH4Cl, HCl or diabetic ketoacidosis increases the maximum activity of glutamine synthetase in skeletal muscle. Starvation and administration of adrenal steroids also increase the activity of the enzyme in muscle.
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PMID:Glutamine synthetase activity of muscle in acidosis. 614 Sep 20

A study was undertaken on the antiulcer effect of some active ingredients present in the lipid part of the fruits of M. azedarach administered p.o. to male rats. Acute gastric ulcers were induced by gipsing the rats for 22 hr preceded by 24 hr starvation to obtain the maximum stress. The free HCl, total HCl and total acidity were also measured. The total lipid (TLP), 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg, reduced the ulcer index by 25-41.8% and 50-58% when given daily for 5 and 10 days, respectively. The saponifiable fraction (SP), 0.85, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg, given for 10 days reduced the ulcer index by 41.8-50%, while the nonsaponifiable (NSP), 0.075, 0.150 and 0.50 g/kg, for 10 days reduced it by 50-83.5%. The 70% ethanol extract of the defatted residue showed no antiulcer effect. Analysis of the gastric juice showed a significant decrease in free HCl (P less than 0.001) induced by TLP; the total HCl and total acidity were reduced only at 5 g/kg. The results revealed the antiulcer effect of the lipid components of M. azedarach fruits which is mainly due to the phytosterol fraction.
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PMID:Effect of Melia azedarach fruits on gipsing-restraint stress-induced ulcers in rats. 654 33

The effects of melanization on nutrient uptake by the microfilariae of Brugia pahangi were investigated by using in vitro melanization and autoradiographic techniques. It was found that the melanotic capsules which formed around the microfilariae in vitro completely inhibited the uptake of the following radiolabeled nutrients into microfilarial tissues: D-[6-3H]glucose, L-[4,5-3H]leucine, [2-3H]glycine, [1-14C]linoleic acid, [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H]arachidonic acid, [2,8-3H]adenine, [8-14C]guanine HCl, and [5,6-3H]uracil. These results provide strong evidence that melanization may kill the microfilariae by starvation.
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PMID:Brugia pahangi: effects of melanization on the uptake of nutrients by microfilariae in vitro. 762 69

Labial salivary glands are found in the majority of insects. They are relatively large, extend back into the thorax, and in Rhodnius, they are cherry red in color due to a pigment derived from traces of hemoglobin absorbed form the gut. In most insects they are acinous shaped, with long excretion channels that present differentiated regions which from salivary reservoirs. The glands may be relatively simple or complexly branched and convoluted. In Rhodnius they are described as being unilobed with no traces of division. The main duct leaves the gland at its anterior extremity. The acini have different kinds of cells but all of them are seen as sources of secretion. Our material has a different shape due to the fact that the animals spent 20 days under starvation conditions. New data are also obtained through treatment with collagenase and HCl. The importance of the study of these glands lies in the fact that it will further understanding of the transmission of Chagas' disease.
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PMID:Scanning electron microscopy of the Rhodnius neglectus (Hemiptera) labial salivary glands after starvation. 825 Feb 70

gadd7 cDNA was isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells on the basis of increased levels of RNA following treatment with UV radiation. The transcript for gadd7, as well as for four other gadd genes, was found to increase rapidly and coordinately following several different types of DNA damage and more slowly following other stresses that elicit growth arrest. Agents that induce gadd7 RNA include alkylating agents, such as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and mechlorethamine HCl (HN2), oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, and growth arrest signals, such as medium depletion (starvation). Since growth arrest is a cellular consequence of many types of DNA damage in normal cells, it was thought that gadd7 may play a role in the cellular response to DNA damage. Indeed, overexpression of gadd7 led to a decrease in cell growth. Interestingly, gadd7 cDNA does not contain an appreciable open reading frame and does not appear to encode a protein product, but instead may function at the RNA level.
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PMID:A novel DNA damage-inducible transcript, gadd7, inhibits cell growth, but lacks a protein product. 864 73


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