Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When growing cultures of S. cerevisiae are treated with high concentrations of ethidium bromide (greater than 50 mug/ml), three phases of petite induction may be observed: I. the majority of cells are rapidly converted to petite, II. subsequently a large proportion of cells recover the ability to form respiratory competent clones, and III. slow, irreversible conversion of all cells to petite. The extent of recovery of respiratory competence observed is dependent on the strain of S. cerevisiae employed and the temperature and the carbon source used in the growth medium. The effects of 100 mug/ml ethidium bromide are also produced by 10 mug/ml ethidium bromide in the presence of the detergent, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and recovery is also observed when cells are treated with 10 mug/ml ethidium bromide under starvation conditions. Genetic analysis of strain differences indicates that a number of nuclear genes influence petite induction by ethidium bromide. In one strain, S288C, petite induction by 100 mug/ml ethidium bromide is extremely slow under certain conditions. Mitochondria isolated from from S288C lack the ethidium bromide stimulated nuclease activity found in D243-4A, a strain which shows triphasic kinetics of petite formation. This enzyme may, therefore, be responsible for the initial phase of rapid petite formation.
 ...
PMID:Factors affecting petite induction and the recovery of respiratory competence in yeast cells exposed to ethidium bromide. 77 97

Serum sodium, potassium and chloride values were measured before and after pre-operative starvation and after premedication in healthy subjects under going routine surgery, during both temperate and hot weather. No significant change in serum electrolytes occurred during temperate weather either after starvation or after premedication. In hot weather, when the subjects were sweating, a rise in serum electrolytes occurred, indicating fluid deficit of about 1-8 litres after a mean period of starvation of 11 hours; premedication with atropine and diazepam in these subjects was followed by a significant decrease in the serum electrolytes from the previous raised level after pre-operative starvation.
 ...
PMID:Electrolytes in surgical patients: the effect of pre-operative starvation and environmental temperature. 84 4

The water balance and the electrolyte balance were measured in 6 patients after 14 days of total starvation. After fasting a 600 calorie formula diet was given for the whole period. The potassium balance was +32 mval/day and that of sodium +120 mval/day. The total loss of potassium in 14 days was 488 mval and that of sodium only 126 mval. Sodium loss is replaced within one day of refeeding. No replacement of the potassium loss was noticed during the 4 day treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Water and mineral balance in refeeding after total fasting]. 91 76

Cellular content and rates of synthesis of the apoprotein subunits of phycocyanin in Anacystis nidulans cultures undergoing, and recovering from, nitrate starvation were measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total and immunoprecipitable soluble proteins. Results indicated that (i) nitrate starvation provokes coordinate degradation of apoprotein subunits: (ii) de novo synthesis of these subunits is selectively depressed during starvation; (iii) nitrate restoration provokes coordinate increases in the rates of synthesis of these subunits, although maximal rates are not achieved for 6 to 10 h after readdition of nitrate; and (iv) illumination affects both relative and absolute rates of apoprotein formation.
 ...
PMID:Phycocyanin synthesis and degradation in the blue-green bacterium Anacystis nidulans. 92 72

Serial investigations of electrolytes, osmolality and nutritional status were undertaken in 28 babies less than 33 weeks gestation. 6 died with intraventricular haemorrhage, 9 died without intraventricular haemorrhage, and 13 survived. Significant hypersomality was detected in the babies who died with intraventricular haemorrhage, whereas babies who died without intraventricular haemorrhage and survivors had values within normal limits. No relation was found between hyperosmolality and sodium concentrations. Total fluid intake and caloric intake were comparable in the three groups, but protein intake was much reduced in babies with intraventricular haemorrhage due to a lower milk intake. The hyperosmolality could have resulted from tissue breakdown following protein starvation and may be a factor in the occurrence of intraventricular haemorrhage. In premature babies an osmolality of over 320 mOsm/l carried a grave prognostic implication.
 ...
PMID:Hyperosmolality and intraventricular haemorrhage in premature babies. 93 96

The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis was demonstrated in human hair bulbs and sheaths by the formation of phosphoserine and serine from (14C)3-phosphoglyceric acid. The initial and rate limiting enzyme of the pathway, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PGDH) was demonstrated by enzyme determinations in human and rat hair follicles, human epidermis, and chicken epidermis. Follicular 3-PGDH was characterized using a sensitive fluorometric assay with NADH as a co-substrate. Monovalent cations (Na+, K+, Li+, or NH4+) were necessary for full enzyme activity. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibited activity, and activity was 3 times higher with NADH as a co-substrate than with NADPH. The apparent Km for the substrate hydroxyphosphopyruvic acid was 32.8 muM, and the apparent Km for NADH 4.8 muM similar to the Kms for other mammalian 3-PGDHs. Enzyme activity was not altered by parenteral corticosteroids, a high carbohydrate diet, low protein diet, or starvation. Enzyme activity decreased over the first 12 days of life in newborn rats. The phosphorylated pathway of serine synthesis provides a potential nondietary and nonhepatic source of serine, glycine, and their products in keratinizing tissues.
 ...
PMID:Serine biosynthesis in human hair follicles by the phosphorylated pathway: follicular 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. 94 14

The importance of the adrenal hormones in the lipogenic responses to meal-feeding or starvation-refeeding was studied. In experiment 1, intact or adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were either ad libitum-fed or meal-fed a 65% glucose diet for 21 days or until moribund (ADX rats only). Serum glucose and electrolytes (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+), hepatic glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) were determined. ADX rats died within 10 days after the initiation of meal-feeding and were hypoglycemic with low liver glycogen levels and low enzyme activities. No differences in serum electrolytes were observed. In the second experiment, ADX and intact rats of varying initial weights were weight paired and meal-fed. When the ADX rat died, his intact control was killed and both carcasses assayed for fat content. Heavier rats with presumably more carcass fat survived meal-feeding longer than the lighter rats. Rats died when they had lost all but 2 to 3 g carcass lipid. In experiments 3 and 4, ADX and intact rats were subjected to starvation-refeeding. In experiment 4, additional ADX groups were given supplemental doses of cortisol (0.75 mg/kg, subcutaneous, 2 times daily) during either the starvation period, the refeeding period or during both periods. The activities of hepatic G6PD and ME were determined as well as the levels of liver lipid in experiment 4. Intact starved-refed rats had the usual enzyme overshoot, whereas ADX starved-refed rats did not. Cortisol-treated ADX starved-refed rats had as great an enzyme overshoot as the intact rats and as great an increase in liver lipid. These results suggest that ADX rats die when meal-fed the glucose diet, because they are unable to store sufficient metabolic fuel for use during the starvation phase of the meal-feeding cycle. Further, the results show that glucocorticoids are required for the induction of de novo enzyme synthesis.
 ...
PMID:Further studies on the role of the adrenal hormones in responses of rats to meal-feeding. 99 59

In 30 obese subjects three different methods for weight, reduction were applicated over a period of 14 days. One group (n=10) was treated with total starvation, the other group (n=10) with total starvation and 80 mval potassium in addition and the third group (n=10) with a 700 cal. diet. In total starvation the balance of sodium, potassium and phosphate amounted to -9 mval/d, -34,9/d and -8,8 mval/d respectively. Whereas calcium showed a positive balance of 4,4 mval/d. During addition of 80 mval potassium sodium excretion increased whereas potassium excretion was diminished resulting in a potassium balance less negative. During treatment with the 700 calorie diet the highest negative sodium and a high positive potassium balance were observed,
 ...
PMID:[Electrolyte metabolism in obese subjects with various forms of therapy]. 102 Mar 70

In rats, gastric mucus was decreased by starvation. The administration of carbenoxolone sodium, prednisolone, or their combination to starved rats brought the level of gastric mucus to that of nonstarved controls. Concomitant treatment with carbenoxolone sodium did not prevent prednisolone-induced ulceration of the glandular stomach in starved rats. The ulcerations of the prostomach (squamous spithelium)induced by starvation were prevented by carbenoxolone sodium, prednisolone, or the combination of the two.
 ...
PMID:The influence of carbenoxolone on steroid-induced ulcer and mucus secretion in the rat. 112 37

Although there exists some indirect evidence that circulating ketone bodies might inhibit their own production rate, the direct demonstration of this homeostatic feed-back phenomenon is still lacking. The present work aims at demonstrating the operation of this control mechanism in human fasting ketosis. Six obese subjects, who fasted 2-23 days, were given a primed constant i.v. infusion of 3- 14C-acetoacetate for 4 hr. After a control period of 2 hr, unlabeled sodium acetoacetate was administered as a primed constant i.v. infusion at the rate of 0.688-1.960 mmol/min until the end of the study. During both periods, the rates of inflow of ketones were estimated from the specific activity of total ketones measured under near isotopic steady state conditions. During the control period, total ketone concentration amounted to 3.98-9.65 mumol/ml and production rates of total ketones ranged between 1.450 and 2.053 mmol/min. The levels of free fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, and insulin averaged respecitvely 1.30 mumol/ml, 0.11 mumol/ml, 74 mg/100 ml, and 5.2 muU/ml. The administration of exogenous ketones during the second phase of the study induced a 47%-92% increase in total ketone levels. During this period, the endogenous production of ketones (calculated as the difference between total inflow rate and acetoacetate infusion rate) amounted only to 67%-90% of control values. Among other factors, this inhibition of ketogenesis was probably partially related to the direct antilipolytic effect of infused ketones. Indeed, there was a concomitant fall in FFA and in glycerol levels averaging respectively 13.5% and 17.3%, without significant changes in peripheral insulin concentrations. Our results demonstrate that during fasting, circulating ketone bodies exert an inhibitory influence on the rate of ketogenesis. This mechanism might play an important role in preventing the development of uncontrolled hyperketonemia during starvation.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of ketogenesis by ketone bodies in fasting humans. 115 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>