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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Formiminoglutamate (FIGLU) urinary excretion was studied in rats subjected to whole body 60Co irradiation with doses of 450, 650 and 850 R. During the first post-irradiation days, FIGLU excretion doubled after both lower doses. From day 3, 450 R led to a decrease, whereas 650 and 850 R were followed by a still enhanced FIGLU excretion. No correlation to the radiation dose was found. A daily intraperitoneal administration of histidine in a dose of 200 mg/kg led to a constant 5-fold increase of FIGLU output and to more distinct differences in post-irradiation FIGLU excretion. Two days starvation or ACTH administration, followed by doubled urinary total 17-hydroxycorticoids, did not interfere with FIGLU excretion.
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PMID:Formiminoglutamate excretion in rat urine after whole body irradiation, histidine administration, starvation and stress. 14 75

Starvation did not cause increase of hormone-sensitive lipase in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Adrenaline did not activate lipase in the fat cells, although it accelerated the release of free fatty acids from the cells. The results suggest that the mechanism of the stimulation of lipolysis by adrenaline is different from that in the cyclic AMP theory. Adrenaline-sensitive fat globules were prepared by hypotonic treatment of fat cells. Lipolysis in the fat globules was stimulated by adrenaline. It was shown that adrenaline-induced lipolysis in the fat globules was not due to activation of lipase but to initiation of a reaction between lipase and triglyceride. It is well known that calcium ions are essential for ACTH-induced lipolysis and that the hormone stimulates calcium uptake into adipose tissue. It was demonstrated that calcium ions accelerated formation of a complex between fat and lipase. The mechanism of the actions of adrenaline and ACTH are discussed on the basis of these results.
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PMID:Mechanism of actions of adrenaline and ACTH in fat mobilization. 17 4

The response of intact and bursectomized chicks to stressful stimuli has been examined. The stressors imposed were: a. fast-acting ACTH adminstration; b. immersion in cold water; c. starvation. In Bursa-intact chicks the results were as follows: 1. Plasma corticosterone was increased by all stimuli. 2. Adrenal corticosterone was decreased by ACTH treatment while it was increased by immersion in cold water and by starvation. 3. Plasma glucose was increased by ACTH administration and cold water immersion and decreased by starvation of the birds. 4. Adrenal ascorbic acid concentration was not influenced by all stimuli. 5. Adrenal weights were found to be increased by ACTH and starvation treatments only. 6. Bursa weights were increased by ACTH administration. 7. A very low concentration of corticosterone was found in the Bursa of Fabricius. Bursectomized chicks differed from the intact ones in the following: 1. Plasma and adrenal corticosterone concentrations were not increased by starvation. 2. Plasma glucose increased moderately with ACTH administration. 3. Adrenal ascorbic acid was depleted by all stimuli but was not related to the corticosterone level in the adrenals and blood plasma.
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PMID:Effects of stress on the corticosterone content of the blood plasma and adrenal gland of intact and bursectomized Gallus domesticus. 18 May 4

The activity and regulation of rat adrenal delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (EC 2.3.1.37) has been studied. The activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in rat adrenal homogenates is comparable to the activity found in rat hepatic homogenates when untreated animals are employed. Starvation of rats for 24 and 48 hours increased adrenal delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity without altering the hepatic enzyme. The treatment of rats with ACTH gel also increased adrenal delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity. The effect of starvation on rat adrenal delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity appears to be mediated by ACTH and can be prevented by the administration of dexamethasone. Adrenal delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase appears to be refractory to induction by agents which induce the hepatic enzyme. These results suggest that the adrenal enzyme may be uniquely controlled by neural and endocrine influences which differ from the factors which regulate the activity of the hepatic enzyme.
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PMID:Studies on heme synthesis in the rat adrenal. 18 76

Experiments were conducted in vitro; a study was mode of the age peculiarities attending be invluence of adrenaline, ACTH, STH on the lypolysis in the adipose tissue of rats under normal conditions and in starvation. During the process of ageing there occurs no change in the adipose tissue sensitivity to the action of hormones stimulating the lipolysis, but the capacity to react to high hormone doses is decreased. Elevation of the basal lypolysis in the adipose tissue of young rats occurs during starvation; the lypolytic action of the hormones falls. Starvation fails to alter the basal lypolysis in the adipose tissue to react to the hormone action.
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PMID:[Age-specific characteristics of the effect of various hormones on the lipolysis in the adipose tissue of rats under normal conditions and in starvation]. 19 4

Changes in concentrations of metabolites of the main nutrients in the blood plasma, caused by weaning and by different body weight gains, by starvation, exogenous adrenaline and ASTH administration were studied in 141 weaned piglets of the Large White breed at an age of 26 to 69 days. After weaning, the total protein level showed a faster decrease in the intensively growing piglets than in those with lower growth rates. This rapid decrease was induced by adrenaline. The post-weaning levels of glucose decreased irrespective of the growth rate of the piglets. Adrenaline caused hyperglycaemia and, after 48 hours of starvation, hypoglycaemia. Urea levels significantly increased after weaning. During starvation they remained unchanged, even under exposure to hormonal effects. Cholesterol concentration decreased after weaning, after ACTH and adrenaline administration also showed a decrease. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids decreased after weaning, the decrease being more pronounced in the piglets with less intensive growth. The action of adrenaline, ACTH, together with an increased level of glucocorticoids, increased the concentration of these acids even in the state of starvation. It is assumed that early piglet weaning implies great metabolic changes which need not impair growth if their character is transient. The author evaluates the suitability of the starter used and parameters chosen for the determination of the metabolic profile of pigs.
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PMID:[Effects of different growth rates in weaned piglets, starvation and hormonal action, on various metabolic parameters in the blood plasma]. 22 71

Male and female wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Erxleben) and males and female albino outbred rats (Ipf:RIZ) were crossbred. The resulting animals (F1 hybrids) were the control, noninbred group (0% inbred). By systematic full-sib mating, two experimental groups (50 and 91% of inbred) were produced. Half of each group (both males and females) was exposed to physical stress (3 days of starvation and 3 hr of swimming). The other half of each group was anesthetized using ether to collect blood. The anterior pituitary hormone concentrations of prolactin (PRL), corticotropin (ACTH), and growth hormone (rGH) in blood serum were determined by the radioimmunoassay method. Significant relationships between the PRL, ACTH, and rGH concentrations in blood serum and the inbreeding coefficient were observed: A significant PRL content decrease in blood serum occurred (linear function) and the rGH and ACTH content diminished significantly rapidly (quadratic function). These changes were affected by an increase in homozygosity. Stress significantly influenced PRL, ACTH, and rGH concentrations as well. The sex of rats significantly determined PRL and ACTH content only. Hormone levels were also influenced by interactions between the factors studied (inbred level, sex, stress).
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PMID:The effect of genetic variability (degree of homozygosity) on serum levels of the anterior pituitary hormones prolactin, corticotropin, and growth hormone in rats. 133 58

It has been demonstrated that opioid peptides are involved in the stimulation of food intake in rats and that the circulating beta-endorphin levels are increased in genetically obese rodents. Therefore, to assess whether the changes in food intake may influence circulating beta-endorphin levels in obese subjects, plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol concentrations were determined in obese patients after an oral glucose load and during a 7-day total starvation. Baseline plasma beta-endorphin concentrations were significantly higher in obese patients than in control normal-weight subjects, while ACTH and cortisol levels were similar in both groups. Plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol concentrations were not affected by the ingestion of 75 g glucose, neither were plasma beta-endorphin concentrations modified during prolonged starvation. Moreover, the lack of nycthemeral variations in beta-endorphin levels, documented before and during starvation while plasma ACTH and cortisol were significantly reduced in the evening, suggests that some extra anterior pituitary sources or some obesity-related changes in beta-endorphin metabolism may contribute to the pool of circulating beta-endorphin in obese subjects. On the other hand, even the extreme changes in nutritional conditions, such as total food deprivation or glucose ingestion, are devoid of any detectable influence on circulating beta-endorphin levels.
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PMID:The effects of glucose ingestion and fasting on plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol in obese subjects. 166 98

The effect of 5 days of food deprivation followed by 5 days of refeeding on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, central benzodiazepine receptors (CBR), and peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites (PBzS) was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Starvation induced a decrease in the density of PBzS in peripheral organs: adrenal (35%; P less than 0.001), kidney (33%; P less than 0.01), and heart (34%; P less than 0.001). Restoration of [3H]PK 11195 binding to normal values was observed in all three organs after 5 days of refeeding. The density of PBzS in the ovary, pituitary, and hypothalamus was not affected by starvation. Food deprivation resulted in a 35% decrease in cerebellar GABA receptors (P less than 0.01), while CBR in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex remained unaltered. The changes in PBzS observed in the heart and kidney may be related to the long-term metabolic stress associated with starvation and to the functional changes occurring in these organs. The down-regulation of the adrenal PBzS is attributable to the suppressive effect of hypercortisolemia on pituitary ACTH release. The reduction in cerebellar GABA receptors may be an adaptive response to food deprivation stress and may be relevant to the proaggressive effect of hunger.
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PMID:Food deprivation modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in rats. 196 44

The time course of the behavior of rats fasted for 24 h was analyzed with observation starting either 10 or 60 min after the i.c.v. administration of ACTH-(1-24) (4 micrograms/animal). The anorectic effect of this peptide was direct and specific because it could be dissociated in time from the grooming-inducing effect. The effect is a central one, not linked either to an interaction with the peripheral feeding-regulatory system, or to the release of adrenal steroids. ACTH-(1-24), like corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), is capable of antagonizing the stimulation of feeding seen during starvation, insulin (10 IU/kg s.c.)-induced hypoglycemia, stimulation of GABAergic (muscimol, 250 ng/rat i.c.v.), noradrenergic (norepinephrine, 20 micrograms/rat i.c.v.) or opioidergic systems. The data suggest that both CRF and ACTH may be considered as putative mediators in the production of stress-induced anorexia.
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PMID:Inhibition of feeding by ACTH-(1-24): behavioral and pharmacological aspects. 219 23


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