Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

RpkA (Receptor phosphatidylinositol kinase A) is an unusual seven-helix transmembrane protein of Dictyostelium discoideum with a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signature and a C-terminal lipid kinase domain (GPCR-PIPK) predicted as a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase. RpkA-homologs are present in all so far sequenced Dictyostelidae as well as in several other lower eukaryotes like the oomycete Phytophthora, and in the Legionella host Acanthamoeba castellani. Here we show by immunofluorescence that RpkA localizes to endosomal membranes and is specifically recruited to phagosomes. RpkA interacts with the phagosomal protein complex V-ATPase as proteins of this complex co-precipitate with RpkA-GFP as well as with the GST-tagged PIPK domain of RpkA. Loss of RpkA leads to a defect in phagocytosis as measured by yeast particle uptake. The uptake of the pathogenic bacterium Legionella pneumophila was however unaltered whereas its intra-cellular replication was significantly enhanced in rpkA(-). The difference between wild type and rpkA(-) was even more prominent when L. hackeliae was used. When we investigated the reason for the enhanced susceptibility for L. pneumophila of rpkA(-) we could not detect a difference in endosomal pH but rpkA(-) showed depletion of phosphoinositides (PIP and PIP(2)) when we compared metabolically labeled phosphoinositides from wild type and rpkA(-). Furthermore rpkA(-) exhibited reduced nitrogen starvation tolerance, an indicator for a reduced autophagy rate. Our results indicate that RpkA is a component of the defense system of D. discoideum as well as other lower eukaryotes.
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PMID:RpkA, a highly conserved GPCR with a lipid kinase domain, has a role in phagocytosis and anti-bacterial defense. 2207 13

Autophagosome formation is stimulated by VPS34-dependent PI(3)P formation and by alternative VPS34-independent pathways. We recently described that PI(5)P regulates autophagosome biogenesis and rescues autophagy in VPS34-inactivated cells, suggesting that PI(5)P contributes to canonical autophagy. Our analysis revealed a hitherto unknown functional interplay between PIKfyve and PIPK type II in controlling PI(5)P levels in the context of autophagy. Among phosphoinositides, visualization of PI(5)P in intact cells has remained difficult. While PI(5)P has been implicated in signaling pathways, chromatin organization, bacterial invasion, and cytoskeletal remodeling, our study is the first report showing PI(5)P localization on autophagosomes and early autophagosomal structures when autophagy is induced by nutrient deprivation (amino acids or glucose starvation). We provided a detailed analysis of PI(5)P distribution by the use of super-resolution structured illuminated microscopy. Here, we present a set of tools for detection of PI(5)P during autophagy by confocal microscopy, live-cell imaging, and super-resolution microscopy.
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PMID:Fluorescence-Based Assays to Analyse Phosphatidylinositol 5-Phosphate in Autophagy. 2825 63